This presentation explains the difference between Monitoring and Evaluation; the types of M&E frameworks; steps in logical framework and its difference from theory of change.

1. M&E FRAMEWORKS:
Logical Framework
BY:Ibitola Omotayo
FOR:PRESTON HEALTHCARE CONSULTING LTD.
DATE: 21st July 2017

2. Objectives
At the end of today’s session, we should be able to:
•understand the difference between Monitoring & Evaluation
•understand the major types of Monitoring and Evaluation frameworks and their specific use
•understand the steps in the Logical Framework Approach
•understand the difference between the Theory of Change and Logical Framework
•develop a Log-frame Matrix

3. Outline
•What is Monitoring & Evaluation
•The Major M&E Frameworks
•The Logical Framework Approach
•Link between Logical Framework Approach and Programme Management
•Focus of the Logical Framework
•Uses of the Logical Framework
•Theory of Change versus logframe
•The Log-frame Matrix

4. What is Monitoring?
•The systematic and continuous collection, analysis and use of information for management control and
decision-making.
•The Logical Framework, the implementation schedule, activity schedules, and project budget provide
the basis for programme or project monitoring.

5. What is Evaluation?
•Evaluation is an assessment, as systematic and objective as possible, of an ongoing or completed
project, programme or policy, its design, implementation and Results.
•The aim is to determine the relevance and fulfilment of objectives, developmental efficiency,
effectiveness, impact and sustainability.
•An evaluation should provide information that is credible and useful, enabling the incorporation of
lessons learned into the decision-making process of both recipients and donors.

6. Monitoring & Evaluation- The difference
•Evaluation differs from monitoring in three respects:
Timing:
Focus
Level of Detail

7. Monitoring & Evaluation Frameworks
•A clear framework is essential to guide monitoring and evaluation.
•A framework should explain how the programme is supposed to work by laying out the components
of the initiative and the order or the steps needed to achieve the desired results.
•A framework increases understanding of the programme’s goals and objectives and defines the
relationships between factors key to implementation.

8. Types of M&E Frameworks
•There are three (3) major types of frameworks in M&E.
•Though there is no ideal framework and different frameworks are used for different situations, three
of the most common are:
•Conceptual Framework
•Results Framework
•Logical Frameworks/logic model.
(Frankel and Gage, 2007)

9. Result Framework
•Also called strategic framework.
•A tool which Illustrates the direct relationships
between the intermediate results of activities
all the way to the overall objectives and goals.
•It forms a basis for monitoring and evaluation
activities at the objective level.

10. Conceptual Framework
•Diagrammatic outline that identifies and
illustrates relationships among relevant
organizational, individual and other factors
(cultural, economic socio-political, geographic
etc.) that may influence a programme and the
successful achievement of goals and objectives.
•It does not form a basis for monitoring and
evaluation activities, but can help explain
programme results.

11. Logical Framework
•Logical Framework (log frame) is a tool used in designing, executing and assessing projects via a
systematic and visual approach .
•It outlines the specific inputs needed to carry out the activities/processes to produce specific outputs
which will result in specific outcomes and impacts.
•It seeks to structure the main elements in a project and highlight the rational and consistent linkages
between them.
•A Logical Framework (Log frame) is also known as a Project Framework

12. The Logical Framework Approach/Model
•The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is a systematic and participatory process for project design
and planning. By following the LFA, project teams are able to document information that will help
inform the project’s monitoring and evaluation.
•It helps uncover what the core problem of an issue is and the best way(s) to solve the problem.
•The LFA uses the Logical Framework as its model for actualizing monitoring and evaluation within the
overall programme management

13. Steps in Logical Framework Approach
(LFA)
1. Stakeholder Analysis
2. Problem Analysis
3. Solution Analysis
4. Strategy Analysis
5. Log-frame Matrix
6. Activity Scheduling-Timeline
7. Resource Scheduling -Budget
The Logical Framework Approach requires the participation of stakeholders and is made up of a
number of steps , with each having different tools. There are seven major steps in the LFA.

14. The Logical Framework
Logical
Framework
Stakeholder
Analysis
Problem
Analysis
Solution
Analysis
Strategy
Analysis
Logframe
matrix
Activity
Schedule
Resource
Schedule
The Logical
Framework
Approach

15. The Link Between LFA and Project Management
Identification
Analysis
DesignImplementation
Evaluation
Initial project
need/opportunity
• Stakeholder
Analysis
• Problem Analysis
• Solution Analysis
• Strategy Analysis
• Log-frame matrix
• Activity Schedule
• Resource Schedule
• Draft M&E plan
• Project proposal finalized
Proposal is assessed, funding
released and received
Monitoring against logframe
and M&E plan.
Review and revise logframe
Evaluate against
logframe and
M&E plan

16. The focus of the Logical Framework
•A log frame summarizes, in a standard format:
1. What the project is going to achieve
2. What activities will be carried out to achieve its outputs and purpose
3. What resources (inputs) are required
4. The potential problems which could affect the success of the project.
5. How the progress and ultimate success of the project will be measured and verified?

17. Uses of the Logical Framework
Programme Planning and Development:
•The logical framework helps think through the programme strategy—to help clarify where the
programme is and where the programme should be.
Programme Management:
•It shows the links between resources, activities, and outcomes, therefore serves as a basis for
developing a more detailed management plan.
•By the means of data collection and the evaluation plan, the logic model helps to track and
monitor operations leading to effective management of results.
•It can serve as the foundation for creating budgets and work plans.

18. Uses of the Logical Framework
Communication.
•A well-built logic model is a powerful communications tool.
•It can show stakeholders at a glance what a programme is doing (activities) and what it is
achieving (outcomes), emphasizing the link between the two.

19. Theory of Change VS Log Frame- The debate
•Although academics are still debating the relationship between the two formats, in practice there
are some differences in how they are used.
•At the simplest level, a Theory of Change shows the big, messy “real world” picture, with all the
possible pathways leading to change, and why you think they lead to change (i.e. evidence or
assumption).
A Logical Framework is like zooming in on the specific pathway that your program deals with and
creating a neat, orderly structure for it. Thereby making it easier for you and the donor to monitor
program implementation.

20. Theory of Change VS Log Frame

21. Developing the Logframe Matrix
•A logframe matrix is a concise table that outlines the key features that lead to a project
achieving its goal.
•A logframe consists of a 4 column by 4 or 5 row matrix table .
•The first column represents the hierarchy of activities to outcomes that needs to occur for the
project to succeed.
•The second column represent the indicators that are appropriate measures of whether the
activities, outputs or outcomes have been achieved.
•The third column represents the data source, or means to verify the indicator.
•The last column is very important, and outlines the assumptions that need to hold true for that
particular activity, output or outcome to occur.

22. LOGFRAME MATRIX

23. Reference
•https://www.crs.org/sites/default/files/crs-files/institutional-strengthening-10-monitoring-
evaluation.pdf
•http://evaluationtoolbox.net.au
•http://www.tools4dev.org
•http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/335-monitoring-and-evaluation-frameworks-3-
parts.html