First among the series of visualization of ecological -sanitation research work conducted by University of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Arghyam Foundation.
Long journey of Ruby standard library at RubyConf AU 2024
Ecosan Visualization
1. Bottle it up! We can use it!
Scientific studies on Human Urine
2. Financial support for this thesis was provided
by Arghyam Foundation.
This is a visual representation of
Ph.D thesis Studies on the effect
of anthropogenic liquid waste
(ALW) on soil properties and crop
growth by G.Sridevi (PAK 5072).
The research was conducted at
Department of Soil Science and
Agriculture Chemistry, University
of Agricultural Sciences,
Bangalore and submitted in
October 2008.
4. scientific method
a method of procedure that has characterized natural science
since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation,
measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing,
and modification of hypotheses.
- Oxford Dictionary
5. SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THIS STUDY
Hypothesis
Application of ALW*
as a nutrient source
has a positive
impact on soil
properties and crop
growth.
Test
Tested on
Observe
•Changes in soil
parameters
with
varying
ALW
concentrations.
•Comparative study of
maize & banana crop
growth with varying
treatment
with
fertilizer , ALW &
different
ALW
combinations.
Inference
A combination of
ALW + gypsum
gives crop growth
results at par
(partially
higher)
with recommended
dose of fertilizer.
•Pot experiment with
radish plants.
*ALW - Anthropogenic Liquid Waste (Urine)
6. ALW IN NUMBERS
ALW
1.37 liters/day
500 liters /year
NPK consumption in
Agriculture in India
generated in a year
1 Billion
kg
N
kg
P
kg
K
N-Nitrogen | P- Phosphorus | K-Potassium
million tons
million tons
million tons
*WASTED
N
P
K
million tons
million tons
million tons
**REQUIRED
7. INSTANCES OF ALW USAGE
2003
NETHERLANDS
12th Century
CHINA
ALW integrated
Ecosan projects
Recycled ALW for
farming
1990s
SOUTH AFRICA
2003
INDIA
Compost latrines
and ALW diverting
system introduced
ALW used as fertilizer
for potatoes and
chillies in Manipur
12th Century
JAPAN
Recycled ALW for
farming
18th Century
NEPAL
ALW used for
growing fodder crops
8. EXPERIMENT DESIGN (Completely Randomized)
PHASE I
PHASE II
PHASE III
Protocol Development
ALW
+
• Incubation studies
Application of ALW
ALW
ALW
ALW
Hypothesis
+
+
+
• Lab Analysis
Lab study
T1 —
T2 —
T3 —
T4 —
T5 —
T1—
T2 —
T3 —
T4 —
T5 —
T6 —
T7 —
T8 —
Effect of ALW on soil studied by
treating soil with various dilutions of
ALW and water (T 1,T 2…T 5)
Data interpretation
&
Statistical analysis
Field study
Effect of ALW on maize and banana
crop studied separately by treating the
crops with various dilutions of ALW,
water, urea, gypsum & fertilizer
separately (T 1,T 2…T8)
Plot size: Gross- 7.2 m2
Net- 3.24 m2
F
RDN supplied by
ALW treatment of soil
G
in splits
G
ALW
in splits
Water
U
U
U
U
U
U
F
G
Potted plant study
Effect of ALW studied in potted radish plants alone. Only nitrogen (N) supplied
as nutrient source through ALW(dosage based on RDN). Doses given in
combination of dilution and splits.
Test Observe
Fertilizer
G
Gypsum
U
Urea
RDN
Recommended
dose of
nitrogen
Inference
13. INFERENCE
Hypothesis
What does the data suggest?
1. Shows healthier crop
growth
ALW
G in splits
on
6 splits
2. Builds higher nutrient
content and mass in
the grain/fruit/root of
the respective crops.
Test
Observe
8 splits
3. Cost- Benefit ratio
marginally better than
chemical fertilizer
Inference