Introduction to Anatomical terms to MBBS1st year students.

2. Anatomical Position
Orientation Planes and Lines
Relation comparison and Laterality
Terms of Movement
Competency covered- AN: 1.1

3. DEFINITION: Anatomy is the science of structure
and function of the body
BASIC ANATOMY : is the study of the minimal amount of
anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall
structure and function of the body
CLINICAL ANATOMY : is the study of the macroscopic
structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice
of medicine and other health sciences

4. DISCIPLINES OF ANATOMY
 Macroscopic
 Microscopic
 Developmental
 Neuroanatomy

5. APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF
GROSS ANATOMY
 Regional anatomy
 Systemic anatomy

6. HUMAN ANATOMICAL TERMS
Make upa distinct nomenclature todescribe:
 Areas of the body
 Toprovide orientation when describing parts of human
anatomy
 Todistinguish different movements of thebody.

7. ANATOMICAL POSITION
 Bodyerect
 Head, eyes, toesdirected
forward
 Limbs at sides ofbody
 Palms directed forward
 Feet parallel to each other

8. PRONE AND SUPINE POSITION
 When the body is lying facedown in theanatomical position, this is
called the proneposition.
 When the body is lying face up, this is called the supine
position.

9.  Median Sagittal/Median
plane
 Para Median /Sagittal
 Frontal (coronal)
 Horizontal (transverse)

10. MEDIAN PLANE
Vertical plane,
passing through the
center of body,
dividing it into
apparently two
equal halves right
and left

11. PARAMEDIAN PLANE
Vertical, parallel to
median plane

12.  Vertical,
perpendicular
to median
plane
 separates the
body into
Anterior and
Posteriorparts

14.  Parallel to floor,
perpendicular to
median & coronal
plane
 Separates the body
into Superior and
Inferiorparts

16. ANATOMICAL TERMS RELATED TO POSITION
 VENTRAL/ANTERIOR(palmar) ….. DORSAL/POSTERIOR
 CEPHALIC/SUPERIOR…….CAUDAL/INFERIOR
 UPPER…..LOWER
 MIDDLE/MEDIUS/INTERMEDIATE
 SUPERFICIAL……. DEEP
 PROXIMAL……DISTAL
 IPSILATERAL…… CONTRA LATERAL
 EXTERNAL……. INTERNAL
 MEDIAL (ulnar/tibial)………LATERAL(radial/fibular)

17.  Anterior (ventral)
closer to the anterior
surface of the body
 Posterior (dorsal)
closer to the posterior
surface of the body
 reference point--
frontal or coronalplane

19.  Superior (closer to
the head)
 Inferior (closer to
the feet)
 reference point--
horizontal plane

20. Reference pointis
surface of body
- towards
periphery & away
from periphery

21.  Proximal closerto
root of limbs
 Distal furtheraway
from the root of
limbs
 Reference point--
the origin of a
structure

22. refers to ahollow
structure
(external being
outside and
internal being
inside)

24. • Superior/ Cranial vs. Inferior/ Caudal
• Anterior/ Ventral vs. Posterior/ Dorsal
• Medial vs. Lateral
• Radial vs. Ulnar
• Fibular vs. Tibial
• Median
• Proximal vs. Distal
• Superficial vs. Deep/ Profundus
• Interior/ Internal vs. Exterior/ External
• Combined terms: eg. superolateral, posteromedial,
anterolateral, etc.

25. TERMS OF MOVEMENT
Movements of trunk in sagittal plane:
 FLEXION (decreasing angle)……EXTENSION (increasing angle)
 PLANTER FLEXION ------- DORSIFLEXION
Movements of trunk in coronalplane:
 ADDUCTION (Towards the median plane)…..ABDUCTION
 LATERAL FLEXION
Movements of a partof bodyaround its long axis:
 MEDIAL ROTATION (Anterior surface of partfacing
medially)……LATERAL ROTATION

28. ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION

32.  PRONATION (medial rotation of forearm)……SUPINATION
 CIRCUMDUCTION (Flexion/extention/abduction/ adduction)
 INVERSION (Sole faces medially) ……. EVERSION
 PROTRACTION (To move forward)…..RETRACTION
 PROTRUSION…….RETRACTION
 DEPRESSION……..ELEVATION

37. Regions of Body

38. LET’S SEE
HOW MUCH WE HAVE
LEARNT TODAY

39. The terms "posterior", "ipsilateral", and
"supine" mean:
1. Superior, same side, and lying facedown
2. Dorsal, opposite side, and lying onback
3. Ventral, same side and lying facedown
4. Dorsal, same side, and lying onback
5. Distal, opposite side, and lying facedown

40. The anatomical plane that divides the body
into equal right and left halves is the:
1. Horizontal.
2. Median.
3. Transverse.
4. Sagittal.
5. Coronal.

41. The word caudal is a directional term that
indicates " ".
A. Towards the head end of thebody
B. Away from thehead
C. Towards the midline of thebody
D. Away from the midline of thebody

42. end of
The hand is located at the
the forearm.
A. proximal
B. medial
C. Interior
D. distal