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First Aid Part I
- 1. First Aid - Emergency Medical Service System
- 2. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM o Emergency Care - Originated during the French emperor Napoleon’s campaign in the late 1700. o Dominique Jean Larrey - Surgeon-in-chief of the Grand Army, 1st doctor to try to save the wounded during battles instead of waiting until it was over. Flying Ambulance - Larrey and his men dashed to the battlefield using horse drawn litters. 1860’s - Wartime principles of emergency care were applied everyday in some American Cities.
- 3. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM 1878 - A writer from Harper’s New Monthly Magazine explained how accidents were reported to the police, who notified the nearest hospitals by a telegraph signal. - He described an early hospital ambulance ride in New York City. “A horse was quickly harnessed to the ambulance and the surgeon took his seat behind, having the first put on a jaunty uniform cap with gold lettering, the driver sprang to the box and a sharp cracked of the whip it rolled off into the streets. As it swept around corners and dashed over crossings, both the doctor and driver kept a sharp cry of warning to pedestrians.” Industrial Cities – They developed emergency transport system Rural Populations - Only rudimentary services
- 4. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM Cars gave Americans a faster system of transport, but car collision created the need for more emergency services. The Congress passed laws in 1966 and 1973 - Ordering the improved training and of ambulance workers and emergency department staff. Telegraph Signal has been replaced by the 9-1-1 (US) and rescue 117 in the Philippines telephone codes. Horses have been replaced by ambulances and helicopters equipped to provide the most advanced prehospital care available.
- 5. Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Management EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE SYSTEM Network of health care professionals and medical personnel that provides emergency care and transport to the victim of injury and sudden illness. EMS is a chain made up of several links. Victim will move through each link in the chain. Beginning with the responsible citizen and ending with a definitive care to restore the victims health status. The EMS System has six main components: - Citizen Responder - EMS Dispatcher - First Responder - Emergency Medical Technician - Hospital Health Care Providers - Definitive (extended) Care
- 6. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM All the links should work well together to provide the best possible care to the victims. Without the involvement of the citizens, the EMS system would not function as effectively. The citizen’s role in the EMS system includes four basic steps: - Recognize that an emergency occur - Decides to act - Call EMS professionals - Provide First Aid First Aid can make a difference between life and death. Either complete recovery or permanent disability.
- 7. FIRST AID It is an immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It may include self help when medical services is delayed or not available. Objective: - To alleviate suffering - To prevent added injury - To prolong life and save limbs Characteristics: - Observant - Resourceful - Tactful - Sympathetic - Respectable
- 8. FIRST AID Role - Bridge the gap between the victim and the physician. - Not intended to compete with nor take the place of the services of the physicians. Needs and Values of First Aid - To minimize, if not totally prevent, the accident - To prevent added injury or danger - Accidents happens and sudden illnesses are common and often serious - Proper immediate care are necessary to save life and limbs.
- 9. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY Emergency - It is a situation that requires immediate action. 2 Type of Emergency Medical Emergency - A sudden illness that requires immediate action / attention, such ass heart attack, diabetic emergency and epileptic seizures. Trauma Emergency - An injury or damage to the body, such as broken arm, or cuts that result from violent force.
- 10. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY Common Indicator of Emergency - Unusual Noises - Unusual Sights - Unusual Odor - Unusual Appearance - Breathing Difficulties - Clutching The Chest - Slurred Or Hesitant To Speech - Confused Behavior - Uncharacteristic Skin Color
- 11. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY The Do’s Obtain Consent Think of the Worst Call for help Identify yourself Provide comfort / Emotional Support Be calm and direct as much as possible Care for the most serious injuries first The Don'ts Arouse unconscious patients Administer fluids Let the victim see his injury Leave the victim alone Assume the patients injuries are the only one Make unrealistic promises Require the patients to make decisions The Golden Rule
- 12. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY Barriers to Action - Presence of bystanders - Uncertainty about the victim - Nature of the injury or illness - Fear of disease transmission - Fear of doing something wrong
- 13. Standard Precaution Against Disease Transmission Personal Hygiene - Hand Washing - Proper Grooming Protective Equipment / Body Substance Isolation - Mask, Goggles, Surgical Gloves, Gown Handle all needles, intravenous equipment and sharp instrument with extreme care. Proper Immunizations - DPT (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus)in childhood - Tetanus Booster every 10 years - Measles, Mumps, Rubella (German Measles), Polio and Hepatitis B
- 15. Preparing for Emergency Keep all important information about you and your family members in a handy place. Keep emergency numbers of the following: - Police and Fire Department, Poison Control Center, and Family Physician Number Keep first aid kit available Learn First Aid Have a prepared fire and emergency evacuation plan Make sure your House No. is easy to ready. Take note of landmarks Wear a medical alert tags if you have a potential serious medical condition