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Semelhante a Mapchats - Pushing Boundaries; Defining Boundaries at the Census Bureau (Mike Ratcliffe)
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Mapchats - Pushing Boundaries; Defining Boundaries at the Census Bureau (Mike Ratcliffe)
- 1. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Michael Ratcliffe Geography Division US Census Bureau Defining Boundaries at the Census Bureau
- 2. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Defining Boundaries In this presentation: • Types of Census Bureau geographic areas. • Who establishes or defines boundaries for various entities? • What geographic programs does the Census Bureau manage to collect and/or define boundaries? 2
- 3. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Defining Boundaries • The Census Bureau has been a leader in the collection, production, use, and dissemination of geospatial data. • The Census Bureau’s TIGER database was the first nationwide digital map of the US, and provided base geographic data for use by state and local government, other organizations, and the public. • Accurate and current geospatial data are critical to successful statistical data collection, tabulation, and dissemination programs. Accurate and meaningful boundaries are a critical part of the geospatial framework. 3
- 4. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Hierarchy of Census Geographic Entities 4
- 5. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars 5 Legal Entities Statistical Entities Nation American Indian Reservation American Indian Tribal Subdivision County, Parish, Borough, etc. Minor Civil Division Alaska Native villages (not collected) Incorporated Place Special Purpose District (Census of Gov’ts) Region Division Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area American Indian Tribal Subdivision Tribal Designated Statistical Area State Designated Tribal Statistical Area Combined Statistical Area Core Based Statistical Area (Metro/Micro Areas) Metropolitan Division Urbanized Area and Urban Cluster Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) Census Area Combined NECTA New England City and Town Area (NECTA) NECTA Division Census County Division/Unorganized Territory Alaska Native village statistical areas Census Designated Place Census Designated Place Traffic Analysis Zone ZIP Code Tabulation Area Census Tract Block Group Census Block
- 8. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Sources of Boundaries • Legal Entities – Boundaries are collected from tribal, state, and local governments. – The Census Bureau is not responsible for establishing boundaries for legal entities. • Statistical Entities – Boundaries are defined in cooperation with tribal, state, and local officials, based on criteria issued by the Census Bureau. – For a limited set of statistical areas, boundaries are defined by Census Bureau staff without external input, but based on published criteria. 8
- 9. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Legal Geography • States and Equivalents • Counties and Equivalents • Incorporated Places • Cities, towns, boroughs, villages • Minor Civil Divisions • Towns, townships, election districts • Alaska Native Regional Corporations • American Indian/Alaska Native Areas • Reservations • Off-reservation trust lands • Congressional Districts • School Districts Legal entities originate from legal actions, treaties, statutes, ordinances, etc. Mason-Dixon Line separating the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Photo: Michael Ratcliffe, 2015 9
- 10. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Legal Entities: American Indian Areas 10 Maintaining boundaries for American Indian Reservations, off-reservation trust lands, and tribal subdivisions.
- 12. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Legal Entities: Incorporated Places Colonial Beach, VA 12
- 13. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars What is the Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS)? • Annual, voluntary survey to collect legal status and boundary information for local governments • Review the legal boundaries the Census Bureau has on file. • Boundaries must be legally in effect on or before January 1st of each year • Make corrections and updates to their boundaries • Boundary updates submitted by deadline are reflected in the American Community Survey and Population Estimates Geographic Partnership Programs Boundary and Annexation Survey 13
- 14. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Geographic Partnership Programs Boundary and Annexation Survey Schedule Activity Date(s) Annual Response information emailed December 2016/January 2017 Annexations must be effective by this date in order to be processed January 1, 2017 Deadline for BAS submission to be included in Population Estimates Program and the American Community Survey March 1, 2017 State Data Center non-response follow up March/April 2017 Deadline for BAS submission to be reflected in 2017 BAS Materials May 31, 2017 14
- 15. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Legal Relationships: Places and Townships 15 This hierarchical relationship of places dependent within county subdivisions is typical of most states.
- 16. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Legal Relationships: Cities and Townships 16 Vermilion city is independent from Vermilion township in Erie County, but dependent within Brownhelm township in Lorain County.
- 17. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Defining Statistical Areas • Published criteria, generally in the Federal Register. • Boundaries often follow visible features. • Statistical areas may be aggregations of other geographic entities. – Metropolitan Areas defined based on counties – Urban Areas based on census tracts and census blocks – Rural-Urban Commuting Areas based on census tracts • Work with local government agencies, such as planning department, regional planning organizations, etc. – Examples: census tracts, block groups, traffic analysis zones • Defined solely by agency staff. – Examples: Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, urbanized areas and urban clusters 17
- 18. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars What do statistical areas represent? • Commonly understood areas or communities that lack legally defined boundaries – ZIP Code tabulation areas – Census designated places (CDPs– unincorporated places) – Tribal designated statistical areas, state designated tribal statistical areas • Geographic, demographic, economic concepts – Metropolitan, micropolitan, urban, rural • Representations of entities that have (or had) a legal existence, but may lack clear boundaries or may not fit within an agency’s definition of legal entities – Oklahoma tribal statistical areas (former reservations), Alaska Native Village statistical areas • Areas defined specifically for data presentation and analysis – Census tracts, block groups, census county divisions, public use microdata areas (PUMAs) 18
- 19. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars • Update and create the boundaries for census tracts, block groups, census designated places (CDPs), and census county divisions (21 states). • Encourage state as well as regional commissions and councils of government to participate in the data review and update. • These areas are a critical part for tabulation, dissemination, and analysis of data for small geographic areas Geographic Partnership Programs Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) 19
- 20. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars • Census Tracts: • Population between 1,200 and 8,000; optimum, 4,000. • Stable boundaries; comparability over time. • Boundaries tend to follow visible features. • Can be split or merged to meet population criteria. • Block Groups: • Populations between 600 and 3,000. • Boundaries can change. • Boundaries tend to follow visible features. • Census Designated Places (CDPs): • Unincorporated places with characteristics similar to those found in incorporated places of similar size and context. • No minimum population threshold. Geographic Partnership Programs Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) 20
- 22. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Census Tract Block Group 22
- 27. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Census Designated Places 27
- 28. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars 28 Savage, MD CDPCensus designated places are unincorporated communities that generally have a commonly agreed upon geographic extent.
- 29. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Conclusion • Census Bureau geographic areas and their boundaries fall into two categories: legal and statistical. • Legal entities’ boundaries are described in treaties, charters, and other legal documents. – The Census Bureau collects and maintains legal entity boundaries, but does not establish them. – Boundaries may follow a variety of features or may be non-visible. • Statistical entities’ boundaries generally are defined in cooperation with tribal, state, and local officials, following criteria and guidelines issued by the Census Bureau. – Boundaries generally follow visible features or are contiguous with non-visible boundaries for adjacent or higher level legal areas. 29
- 30. Pushing Boundaries: Cartography and Shaping Maps #mapchats policymap.com/mapchats- webinars Questions? Michael Ratcliffe Geography Division 301-763-8977 Michael.r.ratcliffe@census.gov 30