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Píšeme čitelný kód #1
Million dollar mistake: nezabrušujte se do if null a optional arguments
Čitelný kód
• dobře maintainovatelný
• snadno rozšiřitelný (= nerozbijeme stávající logiku)
Čitelný kód
Ukázka:
https://github.com/tuscanicz/writing-readable-code-1
Null, těší mě?
„I call it my billion-dollar mistake.
At that time, I was designing the first comprehensive type system for references in an object-oriented
language.
My goal was to ensure that all use of references should be absolutely safe, with checking performed
automatically by the compiler. But I couldn’t resist the temptation to put in a null reference,
simply because it was so easy to implement.
This has led to innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused
a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty years.“
Tony Hoare, vynálezce null reference
Null, těší mě?
• NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr
• Hodnota, co není hodnota
• Co je zle?
• Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int)
• potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user)
• Má nejasný význam
• if ($string === null || $string === "") { … }
• Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc)
• Představuje nejednoznačné APIs
• SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList
• e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
Null, těší mě?
• NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr
• Hodnota, co není hodnota
• Co je zle?
• Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int)
• potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user)
• Má nejasný význam
• if ($string === null || $string === "") { … }
• Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc)
• Představuje nejednoznačné APIs
• SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList
• e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
Null, těší mě?
• NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr
• Hodnota, co není hodnota
• Co je zle?
• Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int)
• potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user)
• Má nejasný význam
• if ($string === null || $string === "") { … }
• Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc)
• Představuje nejednoznačné APIs
• SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList
• e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
Null, těší mě?
• NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr
• Hodnota, co není hodnota
• Co je zle?
• Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int)
• potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user)
• Má nejasný význam
• if ($string === null || $string === "") { … }
• Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc)
• Představuje nejednoznačné APIs
• SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList
• e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
Null, těší mě?
• NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr
• Hodnota, co není hodnota
• Co je zle?
• Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int)
• potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user)
• Má nejasný význam
• if ($string === null || $string === "") { … }
• Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc)
• Představuje nejednoznačné APIs
• SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList
• e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
Agent null s povolení zabíjet
• Svádí vývojáře používat defaultní stavy
• getRoleByCategory(?Category $category): RoleEnum
...
if ($category === null) {
$category = new Category(CategoryEnum::HOMEPAGE);
}
...
Jak z toho ven?
• Throw Exception (viděli jsme v příkladu)
• Null Objects (viz reference)
• Doctrine entity (ukážeme si)
Kdy zpozornět?
• V code review či při kontrole vlastního commitu:
• return null;
• magicMethodDoingAmazingThings(?string $name): int
• anotherMagicMethod(): ?string
• V logu
• Call to a member function method() on null
Reference
• Další čtení:
• https://www.codebyamir.com/blog/stop-returning-null-in-java
• https://www.lucidchart.com/techblog/2015/08/31/the-worst-mistake-of-
computer-science/
• https://blog.martinhujer.cz/null-object/
• Testovací repo:
• https://github.com/tuscanicz/writing-readable-code-1
Dotazy
• Dotazy, náměty, připomínky…?
Díky za pozornost!
• We are hiring 
www.driveto.cz
Petr Bechyně petr.bechyne@driveto.cz
CTO Driveto 736 761 183
github.com/tuscanicz
facebook.com/petrbechynecz

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Péhápkaři - Píšeme čitelný kód #1 by Petr Bechyně, Driveto

  • 1. Píšeme čitelný kód #1 Million dollar mistake: nezabrušujte se do if null a optional arguments
  • 2. Čitelný kód • dobře maintainovatelný • snadno rozšiřitelný (= nerozbijeme stávající logiku)
  • 4. Null, těší mě? „I call it my billion-dollar mistake. At that time, I was designing the first comprehensive type system for references in an object-oriented language. My goal was to ensure that all use of references should be absolutely safe, with checking performed automatically by the compiler. But I couldn’t resist the temptation to put in a null reference, simply because it was so easy to implement. This has led to innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty years.“ Tony Hoare, vynálezce null reference
  • 5. Null, těší mě? • NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr • Hodnota, co není hodnota • Co je zle? • Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int) • potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user) • Má nejasný význam • if ($string === null || $string === "") { … } • Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc) • Představuje nejednoznačné APIs • SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList • e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
  • 6. Null, těší mě? • NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr • Hodnota, co není hodnota • Co je zle? • Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int) • potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user) • Má nejasný význam • if ($string === null || $string === "") { … } • Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc) • Představuje nejednoznačné APIs • SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList • e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
  • 7. Null, těší mě? • NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr • Hodnota, co není hodnota • Co je zle? • Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int) • potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user) • Má nejasný význam • if ($string === null || $string === "") { … } • Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc) • Představuje nejednoznačné APIs • SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList • e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
  • 8. Null, těší mě? • NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr • Hodnota, co není hodnota • Co je zle? • Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int) • potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user) • Má nejasný význam • if ($string === null || $string === "") { … } • Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc) • Představuje nejednoznačné APIs • SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList • e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
  • 9. Null, těší mě? • NULL, nil, null, None, Nothing, Nil, nullptr • Hodnota, co není hodnota • Co je zle? • Nepředstavuje žádný typ (string, int) • potichu ale umí projít přes jakýkoliv typehint (?User $user) • Má nejasný význam • if ($string === null || $string === "") { … } • Jazykové konstrukty situaci ještě zhoršují (isset(), etc) • Představuje nejednoznačné APIs • SklikApiService::getKeywordSuggestions(): ?KeywordSuggestionList • e.g.: UserControllerFacade::createUser(): ?User
  • 10. Agent null s povolení zabíjet • Svádí vývojáře používat defaultní stavy • getRoleByCategory(?Category $category): RoleEnum ... if ($category === null) { $category = new Category(CategoryEnum::HOMEPAGE); } ...
  • 11. Jak z toho ven? • Throw Exception (viděli jsme v příkladu) • Null Objects (viz reference) • Doctrine entity (ukážeme si)
  • 12. Kdy zpozornět? • V code review či při kontrole vlastního commitu: • return null; • magicMethodDoingAmazingThings(?string $name): int • anotherMagicMethod(): ?string • V logu • Call to a member function method() on null
  • 13. Reference • Další čtení: • https://www.codebyamir.com/blog/stop-returning-null-in-java • https://www.lucidchart.com/techblog/2015/08/31/the-worst-mistake-of- computer-science/ • https://blog.martinhujer.cz/null-object/ • Testovací repo: • https://github.com/tuscanicz/writing-readable-code-1
  • 14. Dotazy • Dotazy, náměty, připomínky…?
  • 15. Díky za pozornost! • We are hiring  www.driveto.cz Petr Bechyně petr.bechyne@driveto.cz CTO Driveto 736 761 183 github.com/tuscanicz facebook.com/petrbechynecz