This document discusses iron ore, steel production, and the global steel industry. It provides data on iron ore production, pig iron and direct reduced iron production. It also includes charts showing steel production by country and region from 2012. Different steel production methods are outlined such as coke oven plants, direct reduction plants, and charcoal plants. Key reactions in steelmaking are summarized. Overall production and composition figures are provided for direct reduced iron.

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IRON ORE
Fines
Lumps
Pellets
SCRAP
Recycled Steel
STEEL INDUSTRY
FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTS
Sheet
Bar
Rod
Profile
Manufactured Goods – Metal – Mechanic Industry

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0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pig iron/Blast furnace iron Direct reduced iron (DRI)

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Pig iron/Blast furnace
iron Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
European Union (27) 7.745 7.335 8.190 7.951 8.271 7.850 7.857 7.474 7.359 7.322 7.108 6.790
Other Europe 853 750 869 711 782 730 815 841 781 841 837 864
CIS 7.048 6.400 7.095 6.936 7.152 6.797 6.629 6.707 6.773 6.857 6.748 6.673
North America 3.828 3.703 4.162 3.979 3.913 3.349 3.618 3.900 3.462 3.278 3.514 3.820
South America 2.540 2.485 2.790 2.687 2.543 2.476 2.549 2.448 2.463 2.677 2.409 2.534
South Africa 389 363 436 466 441 422 376 414 351 440 315 440
Asia 68.544 67.388 72.393 71.572 72.390 70.529 71.658 69.294 67.505 68.830 65.683 65.646
Oceania 386 350 338 378 372 373 374 378 378 372 324 358
Total 38 countries 91.548 89.008 96.491 94.904 96.078 92.703 94.035 91.603 89.224 90.758 87.071 87.251
Direct reduced iron
(DRI) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Canada 76 67 70 65 19 64 83 81 85 76 69 86
Mexico 353 309 496 490 501 527 458 488 497 471 460 480
Trinidad and Tobago 128 148 183 138 195 164 166 131 89 153 99 105
Argentina 177 163 166 140 119 121 69 1 153 167 185 145
Peru 9 8 7 9 9 9 8 9 6 7 7 7
Venezuela 398 374 431 439 364 393 391 337 318 364 383 402
Egypt 248 238 268 264 252 258 257 260 259 253 244 266
South Africa 129 127 114 117 123 127 99 140 147 150 145 150
Iran 925 833 872 965 971 1.007 912 982 993 945 995 1.182
Saudi Arabia 430 429 478 291 474 465 457 424 368 458 443 260
India 1.733 1.638 1.678 1.679 1.678 1.653 1.652 1.729 1.659 1.580 1.530 1.590
Total 11 countries 4.606 4.334 4.763 4.596 4.706 4.788 4.553 4.583 4.575 4.623 4.560 4.673

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
European Union
(27) 14.158 14.173 15.729 14.951 15.415 14.716 14.228 12.028 14.301 14.161 13.595 11.975
CIS (6) 9.503 8.918 9.865 9.570 9.615 9.243 9.172 9.250 9.280 8.933 8.904 8.925
North America 10.451 10.191 10.850 10.684 10.772 9.780 10.014 10.348 9.592 9.582 9.511 10.087
South America 3.731 3.780 4.303 4.074 3.945 3.829 3.937 3.836 3.835 4.185 3.873 3.603
Africa/Middle East 2.929 2.934 2.984 3.045 2.994 2.897 2.570 2.803 2.795 2.830 2.810 2.857
Asia 79.173 77.688 85.108 83.710 84.887 83.330 84.971 81.747 80.147 81.862 79.681 80.406
Oceania 490 454 463 485 477 485 494 519 511 504 473 450
Total 62 countries 123.768 121.037 132.637 129.599 131.387 127.431 128.650 123.707 123.648 125.075121.990 121.293
China 56.733 55.883 61.581 60.575 61.234 60.213 61.693 58.703 57.946 59.096 57.471 57.656
India 6.357 6.039 6.253 6.360 6.593 6.375 6.359 6.476 6.299 6.604 6.400 6.600
Japan 8.630 8.612 9.324 9.077 9.224 9.198 9.251 9.207 8.802 8.836 8.505 8.569
South Korea 5.774 5.439 6.095 5.915 6.032 5.764 5.907 5.632 5.661 5.651 5.640 5.811
Taiwan, China 1.679 1.714 1.855 1.783 1.804 1.781 1.761 1.730 1.440 1.675 1.664 1.770
Asia 79.173 77.688 85.108 83.710 84.887 83.330 84.971 81.747 80.147 81.862 79.681 80.406

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1511104
708784
107233
88637
71534
70032
69387
42648
35866
34678
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000
Total World
Japan
Russia
South Korea
Turkey
2012
China:
47%
Japan: 7%
United
States:
6%
India: 5%
Russia: 5%
South
Korea: 5%
Rest of
the
world:
26%
0
100000
200000
300000
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500000
600000
700000
800000
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
China Japan United States India Russia South Korea

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Coke Integrated Plant
(Brazil : Usiminas, CSN, CST)
Direct Reduction Integrated
Plant
(Brazil : Usiminas, CSN, CST)
Energy Source: Coal Energy Source: Natural Gas
Capital High Intensive Capital Low Intensitas
High Dependence of Scale Low Dependence of Scale
Stream:
Coke Oven + B. Furnace + Oxygen Conventer
Stream:
Direct Reduction + Electric Furnace
 Charcoal Integrated Plant (Vallourec
Mannesmann).
 Charcoal Non Integrated Plant (Pig Iron
Producers).
 Semi integrated Plant – Mini Mill
(Arcellor-Mittal)

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C(s) + O 2(g)  CO2(g)
CaCO3(s)  CO2 (g) + CaO(s)
CO2(g) + C(s)  2CO(g)
3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s)  2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
CaO(s) + SiO(s)  CaSiO3(l)

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Fe Total 90-94%
Fe Metallic 83-90%
Metallization 92-96%
C 1.0-2.5%
P2O5† 0.005 – 0.09%
S† 0.001-0.03%
Gangue† 2.8-6%

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Source: Midrex Tech

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