1. Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research
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Enlightening wisdom
Submitted to :
Session : 2020-21
Subject : English for Communication ( BT- 103 )
( CSIT – 2 )
Topic – ELECTRIC VEHICLE
XX DRIVER LICENSE XX
Ms. Meera Shroti
11.1111.111
Himanshu Mishra
Submitted by :
Pooja Dalai
Palak Jaiswal
Karan Thakur
Pooja Patidar
Nishtha Jain
Mokshi Diwde
Narayan Punase

2. INDEX
• Introduction
• History
• Principle
• Working
• Types
• Merits & Demerits
• Future Aspect
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
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3. Brief Introduction of Electric Vehicle
• An electric vehicle, also called an EV, uses one or more electric
motors or traction motors for propulsion instead of the
traditional fossil fuel.
• First electric carriage was built in 1830s and the first electric
automobile was built in 1891 in the United States.
Start!

4. Brief Introduction of Electric Vehicle
• Types :
1. Battery electric Vehicle
2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
3. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
4. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
• Electric vehicles will play a pivot role in changing the environment
and economy around the globe in the next two decades.

5. History of the Electric Vehicle
Robert Anderson
1832 First Electric Crude Electric Vehicle is Developed
Around 1832, Robert Anderson develops the first crude
electric vehicle, but it isn't until the 1870
later that electric cars become practical. Pictured here is
an electric vehicle built by an English inventor in 1884

6. Electric model cars
The invention of the first model electric vehicle is attributed to various people.
 In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh & his
assistant Christopher Becker from Germany
also created a small-scale electric car,
powered by non-rechargeable primary cells.
 Between 1832 and 1839, Scottish inventor Robert Anderson also
invented a crude electric carriage.
 In 1828, Anyos Jedlik invented an early type of electric motor,
and created a small model car powered by his new motor.

7. History of the Electric Vehicle
 The high cost, low top speed, and short-range of battery electrical vehicle led to
a worldwide decline in their use as private motor
 Worldwide discoveries of large petroleum reserves led to the wide availability of
affordable gasoline, making gas-powered cars cheaper to operate over long
distances.
 The initiation of mass production of gas-powered vehicles by Henry
Ford brought their price down. By contrast, the price of similar electric vehicles
continued to rise; by 1912, an electric car sold for almost double the price of a
gasoline car.
 With the invention of the lead–acid rechargeable batteries , electric cars seems
to have future .

8. History of the Electric Vehicle
 Now Electric vehicles had a number of advantages over their
competitors.
 Countries like Norway , China , Denmark & also India ban these car .
 At the beginning of the 21st century, interest in electric has increased
due to growing concern over environment caused improvements in
electric vehicle technology.

9. Principle of Electric Vehicle
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An electric vehicle works on a basic principle of science: conversion of energy.
Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy is called electromechanical
energy.
An electromechanical energy conversion device is the device that converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy or, mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Electromechanical energy conversion takes place via the medium of a magnetic field or
an electric field, but most practical converters use the magnetic field as the coupling
medium between electrical and mechanical systems.
, this is because the electric storing capacity of the magnetic field is much higher than
that of the electric field.
DC, induction, and synchronous machines are used extensively for electromechanical
energy conversion.

10. Principle of Electric Vehicle
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When the conversion takes place from electrical to mechanical form, the device is
called the motor, In these machines, conversion of energy from electrical to
mechanical form or from mechanical to electrical from results from the following two
electromagnetic phenomena:
When a conductor is allowed to move in a magnetic field, a voltage is induced in the
conductor.
When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, then a mechanical
force is experienced by the conductor.
In monitoring action, current flows through the conductors placed in a magnetic field. A
force is produced on each conductor.
The conductors are placed on the rotor which is free to move.

11. Principle of Electric Vehicle
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An electromagnetic torque produced on the rotor is transferred to the shaft of the rotor
and can be utilized to drive a mechanical load.
Since the conductors rotate in the magnetic field, a voltage is induced in each
conductor.
In generating action, the rotor is driven by a prime mover.
A voltage is induced in the rotor conductors.
If an electrical load is connected to the winding formed by these conductors, a current
will flow, delivering electric power to the load.
Moreover, the current flowing through the conductors will interact with the magnetic
field to produce a reaction torque, which will tend to oppose the torque developed by
the prime mover.

12. Working of Electric Car
An electric car is powered by an electric motor instead of a petrol engine.
The electric motor gets energy from a controller, which regulates the
amount of power—based on the driver’s use of an accelerator pedal.
The electric car (also known as electric vehicle or EV) uses energy stored
in its rechargeable batteries.
There are different types of electric cars and every variety of electric car
has its own working.
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13. Working of Electric Car 1
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Thus an electric vehicle will have three basic components :
1. ENERGY STORAGE UNIT: The energy storage unit will have a way to store
power. A chemical battery is the most common energy storage technology
currently, although it can be different.
2. CONTROLLER: The controller acts as a pipeline or gateway to the electric
motor. The controller will do other things too - it moderates the power, will
also act as a converter - converts power from DC to AC, or it might also
increase or decrease the amperage etc. The controller is the brains of the
system.
3. PROPULSION SYSTEM: The electric motor, which is the propulsion system,
converts the electric power and converts this into physical energy for
movement.

14. Working of Electric Car
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15. Working of Electric Car
When pedal of the car is pressed, then:
1. Controller takes and regulates electrical energy from batteries and
inverters.
2. With the controller set, the inverter then sends a certain amount of
electrical energy to the motor (according to the depth of pressure on
the pedal).
3. Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
(rotation).
4. Rotation of the motor rotor rotates the transmission so the wheels turn
and then the car moves.
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16. Working of Electric Car 1
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17. Working of Electric Car
Key Components of an All-Electric Car
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Battery (all-electric auxiliary):- In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery
provides electricity to power vehicle accessories.
Charge port:- The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power
supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.
DC/DC converter:- This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction
battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and
recharge the auxiliary battery.
Electric traction motor:- Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor
drives the vehicle & wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both
the drive and regeneration functions.

18. Working of Electric Car
Key Components of an All-Electric Car
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Power electronics controller:- This unit manages the flow of electrical
energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric
traction motor and the torque it produces.
Thermal system (cooling):- This system maintains a proper operating
temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other
components.
Transmission (electric):- The transmission transfers mechanical power from
the electric traction motor to drive the wheels.

19. Working of Electric Car
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20. Types of electric vehicles
There are three main types of electric vehicles (EVs), defined by the degree that
electricity is used as their energy source.
BEVs are fully electric vehicles, meaning they are only powered by electricity and do
not have a petrol engine.
BEVs are quiet, cost-efficient to run, and eco-friendly, but are more expensive to buy
than a comparable petrol-fueled car. However, when the total cost of ownership over
the time you’re likely to own the car is considered, EVs compare quite favorably, and
may even cost less overall.
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

21. Types of electric vehicles
Hybrid Electric Vehicles use a combination of electric power and petrol or diesel power
to propel the vehicle. They can be ‘plug-in’ or ‘non plug-in’.
These are known as HEV’s. These vehicles have both an internal combustion engine
and an electric motor. The electric battery however, is only charged by the ICE, the
motion of the wheels or a combination of both. There is no charging connector.
Hybrids (HEV)

22. Types of electric vehicles
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
This type of EV is powered by both petrol and electricity. The amount of driving
that can be done in ‘electric’ mode depends on the capacity of the battery.
The advantage of PHEVs over BEVs is that if you can’t get to a charging point,
you can keep driving using fuel alone. The downsides are that the car needs two
systems – fuel and electric – so maintenance costs can be higher than for a BEV.
Also, once your relatively small battery runs flat, you lose the financial and
environmental benefits of an EV until you recharge.

23. Benefits of Electric Vehicles
The benefits of owning an EV arguably outweigh any cons — from spending less
money in the long run to making fewer trips to the repair shop. And it doesn’t stop
there.
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 Butter smooth and almost noiseless driving experience:
Electric cars don’t have a lot of moving parts inside the engine. In fact, they only
have one moving part, which is the electric motor. The petrol engine has a myriad of
rotating parts inside. The sound waves created from the contact between parts is
heard as the exhaust note and felt inside the car’s cabin as vibrations.
 Low maintenance
We all know cars need a bit of TLC from time to time. Petrol and diesel engines can
require expensive engine maintenance over their lifetimes – electric vehicles don’t.

24. Benefits of Electric Vehicles
 Zero emissions and pollution:
Electric cars, on the other hand, don’t rely on any fuel combustion process to
produce energy. They simply convert the electrical energy from a battery to rotate
a motor which in turn rotates the wheels. So they produce zero levels of any
pollutant gas or particulate matter and effectively run on 100% clean energy.
 Electricity is cheaper than gasoline:
Americans pay an average of 15 cents per mile driving gas-powered cars, which
really doesn’t seem like much — until you compare it to the fact that many EVs
run at one-third of that cost, given that electricity is significantly less expensive
than gasoline.
No pollute

25. Benefits of Electric Vehicles
 Easiest driving operation:
Electric cars have the simplest driving method in the world of automobiles. They
don’t suffer from the problem of stalling as petrol cars do. This effectively eliminates
the need of adding a clutch mechanism to prevent that from happening. So what this
essentially means is that you can operate an electric with just the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and steering wheel.

26. Drawbacks of EVs
Of course, nothing is perfect, and electric cars are no exception. There are a few
important factors to consider before signing on the dotted line at the dealership.
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 Limited Range and Long Recharge Time:
If you plan on travelling long distances in your electric vehicle, you may come across
a lot of problems. For starters, the current crop of electricity-powered cars, suffer from
a serious usable range issue. On average most of them only have a usable range of
about 400-450 kilometres from 100% battery that too when driven conservatively.
 Charging station availability is inconsistent:
Perhaps you live in an area where electric vehicles are relatively common, and so
there’s a wide availability of EV charging stations for your convenience. But say you’re
on a road trip or visiting family in a more suburban or remote area

27. Drawbacks of EVs
 There Aren't as Many Model Options
Finally, car makers have been building traditional car models for over 100 years,
but mass production on electric vehicles as we now know them didn't start until
the '90s. With less of a history, there just aren't as many electric models available
as there are gas-powered.

28. PETROL CARS
ELECTRIC CARS

30. Future Aspects 1
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Are electric cars the future?
“Electric cars use electricity, generating less CO2
emissions than conventional cars do. The industry and the
governments in the world aim to stimulate the global shift
to these greener cars.”

31. Future Aspects
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Battery Emissions Maintenance costs
Unlike conventional cars
powered by gasoline or diesel,
electric cars generally run on
electricity stored in their battery.
Lithium-ion batteries used in
electric cars can be recharged
by connecting them to an
external electrical outlet. Owners
can charge their car at home by
installing a charging point, or at
a commercial charging station.
The driving range of most
electric vehicles averages
around 200miles(322km) per
charge, which is sufficient for
daily commutes.
Electric cars produce lower
tailpipe emissions than
conventional vehicles do.
However, some fear that
manufacturing an electric car
battery would generate more CO2
emissions than building a
traditional vehicle would. To tackle
this issue, electric vehicle
manufacturers have been taking
various steps, including the
reduced use of environmentally
harmful forms of energy in plants.
Kia is one of the automakers that
have been making huge efforts to
go electric.
The initial cost of an electric car
tends to be higher than that of a
petroleum-fuelled car. But the
running costs is what an electric
car outshines a fossil fuel car. With
conventional cars, engine
maintenance can cause you to
spend a considerable sum of
money on changing the engine oil,
coolant, transmission fluid, and
belts. For electric vehicles, such
costs disappear because of the
absence of internal combustion
engines. The most significant
possible maintenance expense for
them occurs when replacing a
battery pack

32. Future Aspects 1
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Electric vehicles are not just the wave of
the future, they are saving lives today.
It’s more than just passenger cars now — from New
York to Mississippi, you may find yourself on a quiet,
zipping electric transit bus. The first electric fire truck in
the nation will be welcomed by Angelenos in 2021 —
and in the coming years, electric sanitation trucks will be
quietly gliding through neighborhoods to pick up garbage
and recycling, and more electric trucks will be delivering
packages from warehouses to homes, air pollution-free.
1. Electric vehicles now include cars, transit buses, trucks of all sizes, and
even big-rig tractor trailers that are at least partially powered by electricity.

33. Future Aspects 1
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2. Electric vehicles are saving the climate and our lives.
The largest source of climate pollution is the Transportation. To solve the climate crisis,
we need to make the vehicles on our roads as clean as possible. We have only a decade
left to change the way we use energy to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
Emissions from cars and trucks are not only bad for our planet, they’re bad for our
health. Air pollutants from gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles cause asthma,
bronchitis, cancer, and premature death.
The long-term health impacts of localized air pollution last a lifetime, with the effects
borne out in asthma attacks, lung damage, and heart conditions.

34. Future Aspects 1
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3. Electric trucks — delivering goods from warehouses to homes — can
make a big, clean difference
While diesel and gas trucks only make up a small portion of the vehicles on our
roads and highways, they generate massive amounts of climate and air
pollution. In the most impacted communities, these trucks create diesel “death
zones” with more severe respiratory and heart problems.

35. 10 Upcoming Cars in 2021 1
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The electric eKUV100 will feature a 40kWh electric motor producing 53 bhp and generating
120Nm of torque. Offering a range of 120 kilometres, the car will get charged up to 80% in an
hour.
Mahindra eKUV100
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36. 10 Upcoming Cars in 2021 1
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Tata Altroz EV
The carmaker is expected to launch the EV version of the Altroz by the end of 2021. The
Altroz EV is expected to pack the same powertrain as the Nexon EV. The 30.2kWh
battery pack is expected to offer a range of 250 km to 300 km.
Moreover, the battery can be charged up to 80% in an hour using a DC fast charger
Altroz EV At Auto
Expo 2020
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37. 10 Upcoming Cars in 2021 1
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Powered by a 90kWh lithium-ion battery, the I-Pace generates 400 PS of power and churns
out a massive 696 Nm of torque. It is claimed to offer a range of 480 kilometres on a single
charge.
On the charging front, the car will be able to juice itself up to 80% in a mere 40 minutes
using the DC fast charger. With a 0-100 sprint covered in just 4.8 seconds and a top speed
of 200 kmph, the car seems to be the best of both worlds.
Jaguar I-Pace
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Conclusion – The Future
o Electric cars are critically important to the future
of the automobile industry and to the
environment.
o Consumption of decreasing oil supplies,
concerns over air and noise pollution, and
pollution caused (and energy consumed) by
abandoned cars and the complications of
recycling gasoline-powered cars are all driving
forces that seem to be pushing toward the
success of the electric car

39. Bibliography
 https://www.pluginindia.com/how-does-an-electric-vehicle-
work.html#:~:text=The%20electric%20motor%20gets%20energy,recharged%20by%20
common%20household%20electricity
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_electric_vehicle#:~:text=Early%20history,-
Electric%20model%20cars&text=The%20invention%20of%20the%20first,invented%20
a%20crude%20electric%20carriage.
 https://www.basf.com/in/en/who-we-are/sustainability/future-perfect/stories/India-s-
automotive-future-looks-
electric.html#:~:text=With%20battery%20prices%20reportedly%20falling,to%2070%20
million%20by%202025.
 https://gomechanic.in/blog/electric-vehicles-types-
explained/#:~:text=An%20electric%20vehicle%20works%20on,can%20be%20of%20va
rious%20types.
 https://www.google.com/search?q=merits+and+demarits+of+electric+car&rlz=1C1CHB
F_enIN924IN924&oq=merits+and+demarits+of+electric+car&aqs=chrome..69i57.7481j
0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
 Earth justice

40. THANKS!
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Does anyone have any questions?