4. CCoonnttiinneennttaall DDrriifftt tthheeoorryy
►SSttaatteess tthhaatt tthheerree
wwaass oonnllyy aa ssiinnggllee
ssuuppeerr ccoonnttiinneenntt
ccaalllleedd ““PPaannggaaeeaa””
ssiittuuaatteedd aatt tthhee
cceenntteerr nneeaarr tthhee
eeqquuaattoorr.. TThhiiss SSuuppeerr
ccoonnttiinneenntt bbrrookkee uupp
iinnttoo ppiieecceess wwhhiicchh
ddrriifftteedd sslloowwllyy aawwaayy
ffrroomm eeaacchh ootthheerr..
The Super Continent
Panthalassa
Ocean
Tethys Sea
&
Australia
About 200 M years
Ago, Pangaea
began to
break up
5. Break up and Separation ooff PPaannggaaeeaa
About 135 M years ago,
Pangaea split up into two
Areas Gondwanaland and
Laurasia.
In 1912, Alfred Lothar
Wegener, Suggested that
The continents once fitted
Together like pieces of a
Jigsaw. This huge piece of
Land then broke up, and
the continents drifted apart
9. IIsstthhmmuuss VVoollccaanniicc IIssllaannddss
Pacific theory –
According to Dr. Bailey Willis
Philippines were formed via
marginal and peripheral
eruptions of pacific basin.
The eruptions of the
submarine volcanoes
during the remote geologic
past and the pilling up of
their extrusive caused the
emergence of the islands
above the sea, giving rise
to the Philippine Archipelago.
Isthmus of Panama Philippines and Indonesia
18. CCoolldd DDeesseerrttss HHoott DDeesseerrtt
The word "Takla
Makan“ means “
place from which there
is no return." Covered
by sand dunes and rocky
soil. Crossed by Marco
Polo in the 13th Century
Takla Makan Desert in Western China Sahara Deserts in Northern Africa
21. LLaarrggeesstt OOcceeaannss ooff tthhee wwoorrlldd
With an area of 155,557,000 sq km,
The Pacific Ocean is located between
the Southern Ocean, Asia and
Australia and the Western
Hemisphere.
With an area of 76,762,000 sq km ,
It is located between Africa, Europe,
the Southern Ocean and the
Western Hemisphere.
With an area of 14,056,000 sq km ,
It extends between Europe, Asia and
North America and most of its
waters are north of the Arctic Circle.
With an area of 68,566,000 sq km ,
It is located between Africa,
the Southern Ocean, Asia and
Australia.
With an area of 20,327,000 sq km ,
The Southern Ocean extends from
the coast of Antarctica to 60 degrees
south latitude.
26. RRiivveerrss
►AArree ffoorrmmeedd bbyy
RRaaiinnffaallll aanndd
mmeellttiinngg ssnnooww..
TThheeyy bbeeggiinn aass
ssmmaallll ssttrreeaammss,,
oorr wwaatteerr
rruunnnniinngg
ddoowwnnhhiillll,, wwhhiicchh
jjooiinn ffoorrcceess wwiitthh
ootthheerr ssttrreeaammss
ttoo bbeeccoommee aa
rriivveerr..
Current
Part’s of the River
Streams
Bank
Source
The “source” is the place
Where a river begins and
The “mouth” is the place
Where the river ends.
The movement of the river
Is called a “Current”
The land on either side is
Called the “bank”.
A river always
Flows from higher
To lower land.
Several rivers and
All their streams
Are called
“tributaries”
27. SSttrraaiitt aanndd CCaannaall
►TThhee nnaarrrrooww bbooddyy ooff
wwaatteerr tthhaatt ccoonnnneeccttss
ttwwoo llaarrggee bbooddiieess ooff
wwaatteerr iiss ccaalllleedd aa
““SSttrraaiitt””..
►AA mmaann--mmaaddee ssttrraaiitt
iiss ccaalllleedd aa ““ccaannaall””..
SSoommee ccaannaallss aarree
ffaammoouuss aass mmaann--
mmaaddee ppaassssaaggeess..
The Suez canal connects the
The Mediterranean and the
Red sea. This shortens the
Trip from great Britain to India
By almost 5000 miles.
35. As you can see in these
Picture there are many
wind Patterned that blow
From north to south
such as Trade wind and
Westerlies, those Winds
is moving toward
or converge in the
tropical zone so that’s
Why it’s formed a ITCZ
The ITCZ is shifted
Every month from
North to South with
In the Tropical region.
Most often trade winds and the westerlies converge in the tropical Zone and form the Intertropical Convergence zone.
38. Water has a huge impact on
climate. In fact, water, air and
the Sun pretty much ARE the
climate. Two thirds of the
world is covered by water and
the Sun and wind combine to
Evaporate.
47. The Earth spins around like a top. The Spinning motion is called Rotation. The earth rotates on its axis.
The axis is an imaginary line running through the center of the earth to rotate one complete time on its
axis. It takes 24 hours for the earth to rotate one complete time on its axis. The earth revolves around
the sun in a motion called Revolution; it follows a nearly circular path or orbit around the sun. The
Earth takes a full year to make one complete revolution around the sun. The Earth’s axis remains
tilted as it is revolving or orbiting around the sun.
21
21
Equinox
20
22
Equinox
Spring (Vernal) NH
Autumnal in SH
Autumnal in NH
Spring in SH
48. EEqquuiinnooxx
►EEqquuiinnooxx iiss tthhee ddaayy
wwhheenn tthhee ssuunn iiss
ddiirreeccttllyy oovveerr tthhee
eeaarrtthh..
►IItt bbeeggiinnss oonn mmaarrcchh
2211 aanndd iiss kknnoowwnn aass
VVeerrnnaall ((SSpprriinngg))
EEqquuiinnooxx OOccccuurrrreedd
iinn NNHH aanndd oonn
SSeepptteemmbbeerr 2200 oorr
2222,, tthhee AAuuttuummnnaall
eeqquuiinnooxx iiss oonn NNHH..
Eq u i n o x e s
49. SSoollssttiiccee
►OOnn JJuunnee 2211 oorr 2222 iiss
tthhee bbeeggiinnnniinngg ooff
““SSuummmmeerr ssoollssttiiccee””
iinn NNHH wwhhiicchh iiss tthhee
lloonnggeesstt ddaayy ooff tthhee
yyeeaarr..
►OOnn DDeecceemmbbeerr 2200 oorr
2222,, tthhee sshhoorrtteesstt ddaayy
ooff ssuunnlliigghhtt iiss
ooccccuurrrreedd iinn NNHH,, iitt
mmaarrkkss tthhee
bbeeggiinnnniinngg ooff ““WWiinntteerr
ssoollssttiiccee””.. The sun stands still – it is the longest day of the year.