Andrew Goodwin's theory argues that music videos should contain visual representations of the song's lyrics. The video for Chris Brown and Nicki Minaj's "Love More" exemplifies this by showing scenes that directly relate to the lyrics, such as girls in a car wearing shades when the lyrics mention "shades on, doing 95 with the top down". Goodwin also believes the music and video should be linked, which the video shows through Chris Brown dancing to the beat. The video displays techniques like voyeurism, using Nicki Minaj's revealing dress to advertise her figure, and intertextual references, with a dance scene replicating one from the movie "Stomp The Yard".

1. Andrew Goodwin Theory
PaBeran 13AL2

2. Links between lyrics and visuals
 Andrew Goodwin believes that there should be a comparison
in a stage of the music video where the artists lyrics match
the video. In the music video, Chris Brown ft Nicki Minaj –
Love More, an example of this is shown.
 Chris Brown says “Shades on, doing 95 with the top down”.
In the music video (visual), it shows girls in the car with
shades (sunglasses) on.
As this video is
almost set as if it’s a
reality TV show and
it’s narrative. The
director decides to be
literal and matches
the lyrics with the
video.

3. Links between lyrics and visuals
 Nicki Minaj then says “Vroom, Vroom, Vroom” and the music
video shows the dancers mimicking a car.
Again, the director decides to be literal and shows
the clip of Chris Brown and the dancers mimicking a
car.

4. Links between lyrics and visuals
 The lyrics say “Na” and Nicki Minaj shows hand language to
say “No”. She uses wags her finger to indicate it.
Her facial expression could also be shown as a way of saying
“No”.

5. Links between lyrics and visuals
 Andrew Goodwin’s links between lyrics and visuals theory
has shown to be correct and there is a comparison between
lyrics and visuals. The links between lyrics and visuals are
very effective as they allow the audience to be engaged with
the video as brings more attention to the video.

6. Links between music and visuals
 Andrew Goodwin also believes that the music (instrumental)
and the music video should also share a link.
• Chris Brown is moving his hands to the beat of the music in this
shot.

7. Links between music and visuals
 In the shot below, Chris Brown is also dancing to the beat
(instrumental) of the song.

8. Voyeurism
 Voyeurism is when the artist tends to promote their character,
music through a sign of voyeuristic treatment. It is almost
always done using the female body. However, men can use
voyeurism too. Examples of these artists are Nicki Minaj,
Rihanna, Usher etc.

9. Voyeurism
 Below is an example of voyeurism with Nicki Minaj wearing a
tight dress so it can advertise her figure. The dress is also
short, leaving her legs on show.

10. Intertextual References
 Intertextual references are links from the music video from
TV Programmes, Movies etc. Some artists such as Jennifer
Lopez base their whole music video around a film. However,
some artists decide to add only certain bits in from movies or
programmes.

11. Intertextual References
 In the shot below, Chris Brown replicates parts of his music
video from the movie “Stomp The Yard” – a movie he was
apart of. The shot below is a dancing scene.
Stomp The Yard Link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=rZ5DXYtJW8A