THIS PROJECT DEALS WITH MORE UNDICOMPOSSABLE PLASTIC VARIETY IN OLAND AND OCEANS TO GET REPLACED AND ADDED AS A MIXTURE IN A BITUMEN TO INCREASE VOLUME AN DREDUCE POROSITY AND VOIDS IN PAVEMENT ROADS OF BITUMEN .THE EXPERIEMENT IS INSPIRED FROM MOST SHOES MANUFACTURED FROM POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE PLASTIC

1. PRATHYUSHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
USING POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET)
A SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL
TEAM MEMBERS PROJECT GUIDE
G.KARTHICKARAN 111417103008
M.NARESHYADAV 111417103011
S.PRASANTH 111417103014
Mr.S.KARUPPASAAMY ,ME.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRATHYUSHA
ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
TIRUVALLUR-602025

2. Due to increase in population ,quantum of plastic wate in municipal solid
waste (MSW) increases,thus the disposal of waste plastic bottles specifically
(PET) polyethylene terephthalate are made to mix with bituminous asphalt ,to
produce a flexible pavement , this project sheds light on the concept of eco-
friendly road construction. Which comprises eco-design , eco-extraction, eco-
construction the effect of recycling (PET) plastic bottle waste produced
in (railway neer) in bituminous asphaltic concrete (BAC) used in flexible
pavement construction The contemporary asphalt roads were first developed in
the early 20th century. These bituminous roads are still successfull all over the
world.Though the roads are successfull they also have some flaws.In india the
roads are famous for their bumps and pot holes.On the other hand ,The day -
Today increase in plastic waste in the environment leads to a serious crisis to the
environment.
(KEYWORDS) : Bitumen , Plastic , Polyethylene terephthalate,BAC,water bottles
ABSTRACT

3. The aim of this experimental work is to evaluate the strength and behaviour of bituminous
asphalt on flexible pavement
These materials will be mixed with binders at warm temperatures to produce warm mixture
asphalt pavements with specific benefits:
• to reduce the disposal of waste materials like water bottles of(PET) that by this way will
be recycled, and to reduce the use of virgin materials (promote resource efficiency and
waste management);
• to improve safety in urban areas by obtaining draining and good textured surfaces;
• to decrease air pollution due to burning of plastic.
• To carry out the soil test. To design the flexible pavement To design the asphalt pavement
with aggregate- plastic- bitumen mix. To coat the aggregate with plastic and incorporate
titanium di-oxide. To test the bitumen and the modified bitumen
OBJECTIVES

4. SCOPE
• The scope of the project is predicting the life of the pavements overlaid with semi-
dense bituminous concrete mix with plastic bottle waste.likely (polyethylene
teraphthalate)
• To eradicate potholes To minimize the global warming , greenhouse gases and
pollution.
• The lifespan of the roads can be increased.
• Eco-friendly in nature

5. Author Name Year of
Publicaton
Title Keywords
Shivraj Sarojero
Patil
2015 “Experimental study on bitumen
with synthetic fibre”
The important role of waste Plastic in
the mixture is studied for various
engineering properties by preparing
Marshall samples of BC mixtures with and
without polymer.The Marshall properties
results are such as stability ,flow rate,air
voids,unit weight which are used to
determine optimum polythene content for
the given grade of bitumen(60/70)
Akhilesh Yadav
and Ruchi (2017)
2017 “Construction of plastic roads:
An effective way to utilize
wastes”
Polymer Modified Bitumen is used due to
its better performance. In the modified
process (dry process) plasticswaste is
coated over aggregate. This helps to have
betterbinding of bitumen with the plastic-
waste coated aggregatedue to increased
bonding and increased area of
contacbetween polymer and bitumen. The
polymer coating alsoreduces the voids
LITERATURE REVIEW

6. Author Name Year of
Publicaton
Title Keywords
Bajpai Raghvendra
et al
2017 “A Study on the Plastic
Waste Treatment
Methods for Road
Construction”
The experimentation atseveral institutes
indicated that the waste plastic, when added
to hot aggregatewill form a fine coat of plastic
over the aggregate and such aggregate, when
mixed with the binder is found to give higher
strength, higher resistance to water and better
performance over a period of time. Therefore,
it is proposed that we may use waste plastic in
the construction of Rural Roads
Ahmed Trimbakwala 2017 “Plastic Roads Use of
Waste Plastic in Road
Construction”
Waste plastic is ground and made into powder;
3 to 4 % plastic is mixed with the bitumen. The
durability of the roads laid out with shredded
plastic waste is much more compared with
roads with asphalt with the ordinary mix. The
use of the innovative technology not only
strengthened the road construction but also
increased the road life as well as will help to
improve the environment and also creating a
source of income.

7. Author Name Year of
Publication
Title Keywords
Deshmukh
Anuradha et al
2017 “Recycling Methodology
of Plastic in Laying Roads
and Pavements”
The innovative technology not only
strengthened the road construction but also
increased the road life as well as will help to
improve the environment.The main objective
of this paper is to discuss the significance of
plastic in terms of innovative methodology for
treatment and disposing and to provide
solution to reduce,recycle,reuse by applying it
for pavement and road construction
Santosh sharma 2018 “An Experimental
studies on Waste plastic
coated Aggregate
Bitumen Matrix”
Our work on above mentioned topic is also an
alternativemethod for effectively utilizing
waste plastic in coating of aggregates that are
to be used for pavement construction aimed
towards improving the propertiesofaggregates
and pavement characteristics and also on
other hand seek possibility of utilizing lower
quality of aggregate in construction of
bitumen pavement wherever there is
unavailability of good quality of aggregate.
Our work will discuss in details the process
and application

8. Surface Course
Base Course
Sub base Course
Compacted Sub grade
Embankment/Natural Soil
Basic components of a typical pavement system

9. Material used :
 Polyetheylene terephthalate(PET) plastic material
 Coarse aggregate
 Bitumen
Particle size :
Material type ( Hard rock quarries and alluvial deposite )
Coarse aggregate - 4.26 mm sieve size
Fine aggregate - <4.26 mm sieve size
Unbound and subbase aggregate – 0.075mm sieve size

10. MATERIAL TESTING

11. TESTS ON AGGREGATE
1. IMPACT TEST :
Aggregate crushing value = (B/A)*100 = 5.0955
W1= empty mould wt = 1.330
W2=(A)mould+ coarse aggregate wt = 1.958
W3=wt of mould+ aggregate with 15 blows = 1.944
W4= (B) passed in(4.75mm) = 0.032
A=(W2-W1)= 0.628
SAMPLE WEIGHT PASSED THROUGH
4.75mm
RETAINED at 4.75mm Impact value
(B/A)*100
0.628 0.0322 0.662 5.0955
0.633 0.0355 0.678 5.5292

12. 2. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
S.no DESCRIPTION WEIGHT(kg)
1 empty weight of pyconometer,W1 0.710
2 Weight of pyconometer + coarse aggregate ,W2 1.280
3 Weight of pyconometer + coarse aggregate + Water,W3 1.900
4 Weight of pyconometer + water ,W4 1.575
SPECIFIC GRAVITY(G) = ( w2 - w3)
(w2-w1) - (w3-w4)
G = (1280 -710) / { (1575 -710) - (1900 - 1280) }
G = 22.59

13. 3.WATER ABSORPTION
Water absorption of aggregates = {(B-A)/B} x 100%
S.no DETERMINATION TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
1 weight of saturated surface -dried
sample in kg( A )
2400 2380 2401
2 weight of oven dried sample in kg
( B )
2404 2375 2486
3 water absorption
(B/A)B x 100
0.208 0.210 0.201
AVERAGE = (0.208 + 0.210 + 0.201 ) / 2
WATER ABSORPTION = 0.206 %

14. TEST ON BITUMEN
1.PENETRATION TEST
Penetration test is used to measure the consistency of bitumen, so that they
can be classified into standard grades. Greater value of penetration indicates
softer consistency. Generally higher penetration bitumen is preferred for use in
cold climate and smaller penetration bitumen is used in hot climate areas
1. The penetration value of normal bitumen is 66mm.
2. The penetration value of bitumen with 10% plastic is 60mm.
3. The penetration value of bitumen with 15% plastic is 87mm.
The penetration value results clarify that the bitumen with 10% plastic is optimum.

15. TRIAL PLAIN
BITUMIN
BITUMIN WITH
10%
PLASTIC(PET)
BITUMIN WITH
15%
PLASTIC(PET)
1 67 55 88
2 65 58 85
3 66 60 90

16. 67
65 66
55
58
60
88
85
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
trial 1 trial 2 trial 3
PENETRATION TEST
plain BIT BIT10%PET BIT15%PET

17. 2. DUCTILITY TEST
Ductility of a bituminous material is measured by the distance in
centimeters to which it will elongate before breaking when two ends of
standard briquette specimen of material are pulled apart at a specified speed
and specified temperature
Result of ductility test on Bitumen
Ductility value of normal bitumen = 83cm
Ductility value of bitumen with 10% plastic = 52cm
Ductility value of bitumen with 15% plastic = 100cm

18. 3.VISCOSITY TEST
Viscosity denotes the fluid property of bituminous material and it is a measure
of resistence to flow . at he application temperature, this characteritic greatly
influences the strength of resulting paving mixes. low or high viscosity uring
compaction or mixing has been o0bserved to result in lower stability values.
at high viscosity , it resists the compactive effort and thereby resulting mix is
heterogeneous, hence low stability values.
Viscosity of cutback bitumen = 360seconds
Viscosity of cutback bitumen 10% plastic = 890seconds
Viscosity of cutback bitumen 15% plastic = 1000seconds
Based on the results of the viscosity test the bitumen with 15% plastic is
optimum

19. 4. SOFTENING POINT TEST :
The softening point of bitumen or tar is the temperature at which the substance attains
particular degree of softening. As per IS: 334-1982, ASTM E28-67 or ASTM D36 or
ASTM D6493 – 11, it is the temperature in ºC at which a standard ball passes through
a sample of bitumen in a mould and falls through a height of 2.5 cm, when heated
under water or glycerine at specified conditions of test. The binder should have
sufficient fluidity before its applications in road uses.The determination of softening
point helps to know the temperature up to which a bituminous binder should be heated
for various road use applications. Softening point is determined by ring and ball
apparatus
Softening point of bitumen / tar = 53°C
Softening point of bitumen 10% of plastic = 64°C
Softening point of bitumen 15% of plastic = 40°C

20. 5. FLASH & FIRE POINT TEST :
Flash and Fire point test is conducted on bitumen to know the safe mixing and application
temperature values of particular bitumen grade At higher temperatures bituminous materials
leave out volatiles. These volatile vapors contains hydro carbons. So, they can catch the fire
easily and will cause flash at one point and if it is further prone to heat the material may
ignite and burn
Apparatus
• Pensky-Martens closed tester
• Thermomete
TEST PLAIN BITUMEN BITUMEN&
10% PLASTIC
BITUMEN&
15%PLASTIC
FLASH POINT 235°C 250°C 220°C
FIREPOINT 251°C 270°C 250°C

21. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
FLASH POINT FIRE POINT
FLASH & FIRE POINT TEST
BITUMEN 10%PET 15%PET

22. STRENGTH TESTING

23. BITUMENCONTE
NT
STABILITY OF
PLAINBITUMEN
STABILITY OF
BITUMENWITH
10%PLASTIC
STABILITY OF
BITUMENWITH
15%PLASTIC
4.5% 17.03 20.08 22.25
5.0% 17.15 20.21 22.55
5.5% 17.68 22.43 23
6.0% 17.61 21.61 22.61
6.MARSHALL STABILITY TEST :
Marshall stability test – flow test on bitumen and is applicable to hot mix design of bitumen
and aggregates of maximum size 2.5 cm. Bituminous concrete mix is commonly designed by
Marshall Method. This test is extensively used in routine test programmes for the paving
jobs.

24. Preparation of Test Specimen
1. 1200 grams of aggregates blended in the desired proportions is measured and heated in the oven to
the mixing temperature.
2. Bitumen is added at the mixing temperature to produce viscosity of 170 ± centi-stokes at various
percentages.
3. The materials are mixed in a heated pan with heated mixing tools.
4. The mixture is returned to the oven and reheated to the compacting temperature (to produce
viscosity of 280±30 centi-stokes).
5. The mixture is then placed in a heated Marshall mould with a collar and base and the mixture is
spaded around the sides of the mould. A filter paper is placed under the sample and on top of the
sample.
6. The mould is placed in the Marshall compaction pedestal.
7. The material is compacted with 50 blows of the hammer (or as specified), and the sample is inverted
and compacted in the the other face with same number of blows.
8. After compaction, the mould is inverted. With collar on the bottom, the base is removed and the
sample is extracted by pushing it out the extractor.
9. The sample is allowed to stand for the few hours to cool.
10. The mass of the sample in air and when submerged is used to measure the density of specimen, so
as to allow, calculation of the void properties.

25. 17.03 17.15
17.68 17.61
20.08 20.21
22.43
21.61
22.25 22.55
23
22.61
0
5
10
15
20
25
4.50% 5.00% 5.50% 6.00%
MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
PLAIN bit 10% PET 15%PET

26. SUMMARY OF RESULTS :
The table below compares the result obtained in various test foe bitumen and plastic added
bitumen .The result of the normal bitumen and modified bitumen containing various
percentage of plastic is compared among each other and based on the code book
IRC:SP:053:2010 and the ratio containing a considerable values is chosen and given as a
result of analysis. according to the code book IRC:SP:053:2010,The values of the test results
are compared with the table.2 Properties of modified bitumen(page no 7).The values havng
approximate values as the table is consider to be the best results given in the code book for
modified bitumen.
After the comparison of the results obtained it is observed that when the plastic is added to
the bitumen its strength is cosiderably increased.As per our results we conclude that the
bitumen containing 10% plastic is more suitable than the normal bitumen and the bitumen
containing 15% plastic

27. EXPERIMENT NORMALBITUMEN BITUMENWITH
10%
PLASTIC
BITUMENWITH
15%
PLASTIC
Penetration test 68mm 58mm 88cm
Ductility test 83cm 52cm 100cm
Viscosity test 360sec 890sec 1000sec
Flash point 235 250 220
Fire Point 251 270 250
Softening point 53 64 40
Marshallstability test 17.68 22.43 23

28. CONCLUSION :
Based on the results obtained from the comparative analysis a conclusion can be made for the strength
and durability on the bituminous roads.
As per the penetration test result values obtained,The value of the bitumen with 10% plastic is
more efficient.As per the viscosity test values obtained,The viscosity value of the bitumen sample with
15% plastic is more optimum.As per the ductility test,the value of the bitumen sample with 15%
plastic is more efficient. As per the softening point test,The values obtained from the bitumen samples
with 10% plastic is more efficient.As per the result from the flash and fire point test,The values
indicate that the bitumen sample with 10%plastic is more efficient.As per the marshall stability test
results obtained,the values of bitumen with 10%plastic and the bitumen containing 15% plastic only
have slight variation at 5.5% of bitumen content
Overall comparison of the results implies that results obtained from the bitumen sample with
10% plastic is more optimum when compared to the results obtained from the bitumen sample
containing 15% plastic.Test the penetration value :ranges between 60-70 for normal bitumen,55-60 for
bitumen with 10% plastic and 80-100 for bitumen with 15% plastic.
Marshall stability :value top for 5.5% bitumen content as a value of 17.68 for normal bitumen,22.3 for
bitumen with 10% plastic and 22 for bitumen 15% plastic.Softening point :the value of normal
bitumen is 53°C,bitumen with 10% plastic is 60°C and bitumen with 15% plastic is 43°C.Flash and
fire point test :the result value ranges between 220°C-250°C .

29. The ductility test: the value of normal bitumen is 83mm,the value of bitumen with 10% plastic is
52mm and the value for bitumen with 15% plastic is 100mm.Viscosity test :the value for normal
bitumen is 360seconds,for bitumen with 10% plastic is 890seconds and for bitumen with 15% plastic is
1000seconds.
Thus we conclude that adding polyethylene terephthalate(PET) plastic to the bitumen increases
the strength more than the normal bitumen with only sample,that to the sample containing 10% plastic
is more optimum for usage

30. REFERENCE :
1.Code book for modified bitumen IRC:SP:053:2010.
2.Animesh Das “On Bituminous Mix Design”.
3.Anzar Hamid Mir(2015) “Use of Plastic Waste in Pavement Construction: An Example of Creative
Waste management”
4.Akhilesh Yadav and Ruchi (2017)“Construction of plastic roads: An effective way to utilize wastes”
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04
Issue: 11 ISSN: 2395-0072
5.Zahra NiloofarKalantar , Mohamed RehanKarim, AbdelazizMahrez -A review of using waste and
virgin polymer in pavement - Construction and Building Materials 33 (2012) 55–62
6.Huda Shafiq (2016) “Plastic Roads: A Recent Advancement in Waste Management” International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 5 Issue 09
7.Shivraj Sarojero Patil (2014), “Experimental study on bitumen with synthetic fibre” Journal of
Information, Knowledge and Research in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 0975 – 6744|Volume 3, Issue 2
pp213216
8.Akhilesh Yadav and Ruchi (2017)“Construction of plastic roads: An effective way to utilize wastes”
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04
Issue: 11 ISSN: 2395-0072

31. 9.Bajpai Raghvendra et al, “A Study on the Plastic Waste Treatment Methods for Road Construction”
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology ISSN: 2454-132X Impact
factor: 4.295 (Volume 3, Issue 6)
10.Ahmed Trimbakwala (2017) “Plastic Roads Use of Waste Plastic in Road Construction” International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 4, ISSN 2250- 3153
11.Deshmukh Anuradha et al. “Recycling Methodology of Plastic in Laying Roads and Pavements”,
International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE), ISSN
(Online) 2456-1290
12.R.Manju et al (2017), “Use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous Pavement” International Journal of
ChemTech Research ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online): 2455-9555 Vol.10 No.8, pp 804- 811
13.Thakur, A., & Singh, S. (2019). Experimental Investigation on Higher Proportion of Recycled Asphalt
Pavement Mixture for Road Construction. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering (IJITEE), 8(8), 3311 - 3315
14.Flexible pavements (Reuse of waste plastics - a path -breaking initiative)
15.Indian Roads Congress IRC: 37-2012 - Guidelines for the design offlexible pavements-August 2012
16.Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Table 3, 6 (2000)
17.National Plastic Waste Management Task Force (1997).
Plastics for Environment and Sustainable Development, ICPE, 8(1) (2007)