by:-
Pinky Varshney
TYPES OF

THREE TYPES OF
APPROACHES
Hardware approach or Educational Technology 1
Software approach or Educational Technology 2
System approach or Educational Technology 3

Hardware Approach
 It is the Application of
physical science and
engineering in
Education and
Teaching in which the
teaching process is
mechanised gradually
so as to educate
maximum pupil in
minimum time and at
low cost.

Hardware Equipments
Implies use of equipments such as cinema, gramophone, radio, tape
recorder, projector, CCTV, video tape thus making the teaching
more and more effective.
CD Drive
Projector
CCTV
camera
Radio Computer

Hardware Approach
 There are three aspects of human knowledge which
include
Preservation, Transmission, Development. All these
three require the use of machines.
Hardware approach is a ‘Product oriented approach’
as it utilises the products of software technology such
as teaching strategies , teaching learning material etc
for its functioning.

Software approach
 It has its origin in Behavioural sciences
 Is Logical in nature
 It makes use of psychological principles of
Teaching and learning for production and
utilization of software techniques and materials in
form of learning material
This approach to educational technology was
originated from efforts of B . F. Skinner, Gagne,
Norman . A . Crowder.

Software Aids
Blackboard or
chalkboard
Bulletin
board
Graphic software aids include
Maps , charts, photographs,
globes, diagrams, poster
flashcards, newspapers.

Software Approach
 According to Silverman Educational technology
is ‘Constructive Educational Technology’ as
both software and hardware approaches are so
interlinked that they cannot be separated from
each other.
 Software approach is Process Oriented
Approach which utilises the knowledge of
psychology of learning to produce learning
materials for betterment of teaching learning
process.

System Approach
 It is also termed as Management Technology
 It acts as a link between software and hardware
approach
 It provides a scientific basis for solving
educational administrative probelems associated
with administration, management, commerce,
industry and army.
 It is thus a systematic way of designing an
effective and economical educational system.

Steps in System Approach
 Formulation of objectives
 Deciding appropriate media to achieve them
 To define learner characteristics and
requirements
 To select appropriate methods for effective
learning
 To select appropriate learning experience
 To assign appropriate personal roles
 Implementation of programme
 Evaluation of outcomes.

Role of Technologies
 Advancement in education
 Enhances efficiency
 Enhances creativity
 Increases creativity
 Motivates to learn