Européennes 2024 : projection du Parlement européen à trois mois du scrutin
Bmc cold war lect 3
1. COLD WAR LECTURE 3
How did the Cold War affect the rest of the world?
2. AGENDA OF THE LESSON
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Appreciate the impact of the cold war on the other parts
of the world.
Explain these impacts.
Analyze a case study of the Cold War: The Korean War
3. HOW DID THE COLD WAR AFFECT THE REST
OF THE WORLD
China
China had the world’s largest population and the third largest territory in the
world. In China, the Communists came to power after defeating the corrupt
Nationalist (non-Communist) government.
The leader of the Communists in China, Mao Zedong – announced the
creation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on 1 Oct 1949.
The US felt threatened by an alliance between China and the Soviet Union.
The US saw Communism as a single united enemy that was determined to
control the world.
The unfriendly relations between Communist China and the US led the US to
refuse to recognize the PRC government and instead recognized the Republic
of China (ROC) based in Taiwan – as the legitimate government of China.
4. HOW DID THE COLD WAR AFFECT THE REST
OF THE WORLD
Japan
Japan was totally devastated by the war. It faced great poverty, which was the perfect
breeding ground for Communism.
To prevent Communism from gaining strength in Japan, the US strengthened occupied
Japan’s economy and introduced democratic reforms. The US lifted trade restrictions on
Japan and provided it with:
Economic aid
New technologies and business practices
New industrial equipment
US also sponsored Japan’s entry into the UN in 1956 and supported its entry into world
economic organizations such as:
International Monetary Fund
World Bank
The US also promised to come to Japan’s defence if it was attacked. Japan allowed the
US to station troops on its soil (Okinawa)
These actions prevented Japan from becoming a Communist country.
5. HOW DID THE COLD WAR AFFECT THE REST
OF THE WORLD
Other Countries
The communist victory in China also led the US to search for more allies in
Asia and Africa. Besides forming alliances with Taiwan, the US also sent
troops to support anti-Communist governments in South Korea (1950) and
South Vietnam (after 1964).
The US also formed an anti-Communist military alliance called the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954 to contain Communism in
Southeast Asia.
The US also competed with the Soviets in the search for allies in the Middle
East and in Africa. In their search for allies, both the Soviets and the US:
supported and maintained sometimes cruel and corrupt governments
through financial, military and other forms of aid in return for their loyalty.
6. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Introduction:
The Korean War changed the course of the Cold War.
First time the Cold War became a “hot war” as troops
from the US and Communist China fought alongside
their Korean Allies to gain control of the Korean
Peninsula.
7. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Background:
Korea was a Japanese colony from 1910 to 1945. At the 1945 Potsdam
Conference (held between the allies) it was agreed that once Japan was
defeated:
Korea would be divided at the 38th Parallel (a line of latitude)
Soviet troops occupying the north & US troops occupying the south.
temporary arrangements until free elections were held upon which Korea would
be unified.
Both US & Soviets set up governments that supported their ideologies.
Soviets gave power to Kim II Sung while the US supported Syngman
Rhee. Both Syngman Rhee & Kim II Sung claimed - right to govern
unified Korea.
In 1950, Kim II Sung had a chance to unify Korea by force. Persuaded
the Soviets & China to give him permission to invade the South. They
agreed, providing weapons and advisers to North Korea.
8. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Course of the War:
In June 1950, North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel and invaded the
South. The US called for an immediate ceasefire (end to further military
operations) through the UN but North Korea ignored the call.
The UN invited member states to send forces to defend South Korea. A UN
force made up of 16 countries fought the North Koreans. Half of the soldiers
were from US. With the support of UN forces, the North Koreans were pushed
back north of the 38th parallel.
The UN forces now invaded North Korea. Seeing that the Communists in the
North were going to be defeated, China came to the aid of the North.
With China’s help, North Korea was able to push the UN forces back south of
the 38th parallel. War = stalemate at the 38th parallel where neither side could
make any progress.
9. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Course of the War
In 1953, a ceasefire was agreed upon. The fighting ended but
the two sides could not agree on how to unite Korea. No
peace treaty was ever signed.
The Korean War resulted in:
The deaths of about 4million people – both soldiers and civilians.
These included:
33,600 Americans,
16,000 UN allies
415,000 South Koreans
520,000 North Koreans
900,000 Chinese
10. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Impact of the Korean War
Korea:
Half of Korea’s industry was destroyed as well as a third of all
homes. Complete disruption to civilian life.
Korea was still divided at the 38th parallel even today.
The Demilitarised Zone, is full of soldiers, barbed wire, land
mines and weapons – one of the most heavily armed places in
the world.
11. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
China
Its entry into the Korean War showed that it become a military
power.
The war proved that the Chinese military could match a world
power like the US.
China grew increasingly confident about its position in the
world, and demanded a seat in the UN Security Council.
12. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Japan
Became an ally of the US, a commercial partner in the Asia
pacific region.
Was the model of American style democracy for other countries
in Asia.
Japan turned into a production and supply base for US troops in
Korea. This meant that Japanese companies supplied US troops
with uniforms, equipment and supplies.
As a result, the Korean war helped Japan’s economy to recover
quickly following the devastation of WWII.
13. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Taiwan
The US thought China might use the Korean War as an
opportunity to attack Taiwan. Pres. Truman sent US
Navy Warships to the Taiwan Straits to protect Taiwan.
China launched artillery attacks against Taiwan’s
offshore islands – but never made an attempt to launch
a full scale invasion of Taiwan. The presence of the US
prevented this.
14. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Lessons Learnt From The War
Military alliances:
The Korean war made the US form military alliances like NATO
in other parts of the world. It formed alliance with:
Australia and New Zealand called ANZUS in 1951.
In 1954, it formed SEATO with countries in Southeast Asia.
The US now had a network of military alliances around the
world to contain Communism.
15. COLD WAR
CASE STUDY 1: THE KOREAN WAR
Lessons Learnt from the Korean War
Cold war now a Global conflict
Before the Korean War, the Cold War was mainly a European
conflict. The Korean War brought the Cold War to Asia and made
the Cold War a global conflict.
After the Korean war, the divisions between the Communist world
seemed to become fixed and tensions became stronger.
16. CONCLUSION
Lesson recall.
How did the Cold War affect China and Japan?
What was one effect of the Korean War?
Name one lesson learnt from the Korean War?
Next week – Cuban Missile Crisis, research this
topic on the internet.
http://library.thinkquest.org/11046/days/index.html
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tho5ZYLiuoc