15745481 female-reproductive-system

Primary sexPrimary sex
organ:organ: ovaryovary
Genital ducts:Genital ducts:
Fallopian tubeFallopian tube
 UterusUterus
VaginaVagina
AccessoryAccessory
glands:glands:
GreaterGreater
vestibularvestibular
(Bartholin’s)(Bartholin’s)
Copulatory organCopulatory organ
(external(external
genitalia):genitalia):
The vulvaThe vulva

They are theThey are the primary sex organsprimary sex organs..
Functions: 1-Functions: 1-Exocrine function: produceExocrine function: produce ovaova
2-Endocrine function: secrete2-Endocrine function: secrete estrogen & progesteroneestrogen & progesterone
hormoneshormones..
The OvariesThe Ovaries

Location and DescriptionLocation and Description
 Each ovary is ovalEach ovary is oval
(almond) shaped,(almond) shaped,
measuring 3×2×1 cm.measuring 3×2×1 cm.
 ovarian fossa:ovarian fossa:
 The ovary usually liesThe ovary usually lies
against theagainst the lateral wall oflateral wall of
the pelvisthe pelvis in a depressionin a depression
called the ovarian fossa,called the ovarian fossa,
bounded bybounded by the externalthe external
iliac vessels above andiliac vessels above and
by theby the obturator nerve,obturator nerve,
the ureterthe ureter & the internal& the internal
iliaciliac vessels, behind. Thevessels, behind. The
position of the ovary isposition of the ovary is
variable.variable.

The ovary has:The ovary has: 1)1) 2 ends:2 ends:
 Upper (tubal) endUpper (tubal) end:: is directed up & laterally & attached to:is directed up & laterally & attached to:
 Ovarian fimbriaOvarian fimbria of the Fallopian tube.of the Fallopian tube.
 Suspensory (infundibulo-pelvic) ligament of the ovarySuspensory (infundibulo-pelvic) ligament of the ovary,,
whichwhich is a peritoneal fold that forms the upper lateral part ofis a peritoneal fold that forms the upper lateral part of
the broad ligament.the broad ligament. It transmits the ovarian vessels &It transmits the ovarian vessels &
nerves from the side wall of the pelvis to the broad ligamentnerves from the side wall of the pelvis to the broad ligament..
 Lower (uterine) endLower (uterine) end:: is directed down & medially. It is attachedis directed down & medially. It is attached
to the upper lateral angle of the uterus by the ligament of theto the upper lateral angle of the uterus by the ligament of the
ovary.ovary.
2)2) 2 surfaces:2 surfaces:
 Lateral surface:Lateral surface: related to the parietal peritoneum of the lateralrelated to the parietal peritoneum of the lateral
pelvic wall & obturator nerve and vessels (in the floor of thepelvic wall & obturator nerve and vessels (in the floor of the
fossa).fossa).
 Medial surfaceMedial surface:: related to fimbriated end of Fallopian tube.related to fimbriated end of Fallopian tube.
3)3) 2 borders:2 borders:
 Posterior borderPosterior border:: free.free.
 Anterior borderAnterior border:: attached to the upper lateral part of broadattached to the upper lateral part of broad
ligament by mesovarium (which transmits the ovarian nerves &ligament by mesovarium (which transmits the ovarian nerves &
vessels to the hilum of the ovary).vessels to the hilum of the ovary).

Ligaments Of The OvaryLigaments Of The Ovary1)1) Suspensory ligament of the ovary:Suspensory ligament of the ovary:
 It extends laterally from the tubalIt extends laterally from the tubal
end of the ovary to the side wall ofend of the ovary to the side wall of
the pelvis.the pelvis.
 It is aIt is a peritoneal foldperitoneal fold which transmitswhich transmits
the ovarian vessels, nerves &the ovarian vessels, nerves &
lymphatics to the broad ligament.lymphatics to the broad ligament.
1)1) Mesovarium:Mesovarium:
 It isIt is peritoneal foldperitoneal fold that extends fromthat extends from
the upper layer of broad ligament tothe upper layer of broad ligament to
the anterior border of the ovary.the anterior border of the ovary.
 It transmits the ovarian vessels &It transmits the ovarian vessels &
nerves to the ovary.nerves to the ovary.
1)1) Ligament of the ovary:Ligament of the ovary:
 It is aIt is a fibromuscular cordfibromuscular cord thatthat
extends from the uterine end of theextends from the uterine end of the
ovary to the lateral angle of theovary to the lateral angle of the
uterus.uterus.

Blood SupplyBlood Supply
ArteriesArteries
TheThe ovarian arteryovarian artery arisesarises
from thefrom the abdominal aortaabdominal aorta
at the level of the firstat the level of the first
lumbar vertebra.lumbar vertebra.
VeinsVeins
The ovarian vein drainsThe ovarian vein drains
into theinto the inferior vena cavainferior vena cava
on theon the rightright side and intoside and into
thethe left renal veinleft renal vein on theon the
leftleft side.side.

Lymph DrainageLymph Drainage
The lymph vessels of the ovary follow theThe lymph vessels of the ovary follow the
ovarian artery and drain intoovarian artery and drain into the para-aorticthe para-aortic
nodesnodes
Nerve Supply:Nerve Supply:
ParasympatheticParasympathetic:: From pelvic splanchnicFrom pelvic splanchnic
nerves (S 2, 3, 4).nerves (S 2, 3, 4).
 SympatheticSympathetic:: from T 10, 11.from T 10, 11.
The blood supply, lymph drainage, andThe blood supply, lymph drainage, and
nerve supply of the ovary reach the ovary bynerve supply of the ovary reach the ovary by
passing through thepassing through the suspensory ligament ofsuspensory ligament of
the ovary.the ovary. The vessels and nerves finallyThe vessels and nerves finally
enter the hilum of the ovary via theenter the hilum of the ovary via the
mesovariummesovarium

The Fallopian (Uterine) TubesThe Fallopian (Uterine) Tubes
 2 tortuous tubes (about
10 cm long), open on
the superolateral angle
of the uterus.
 They have free end
open into the
peritoneal cavity close
to the ovary.
 Lie in the upper border
of the broad ligament

 Intramural (interstitial) part:
 It is the shortest (1 cm) and narrowest part.
 It passes through the wall of the superoateral
angle of the uterus to open into the uterine
cavity.
 Isthmus:
 It is narrow and 2 cm in length .
 Ampulla:
 It is the longest (5 cm), thin-walled, tortuous and
widest part. It is the site of fertilization.
 Infundibulum (fimbriated end):
 It is 2cm in length and funnel-shaped.
 It pierces the broad ligament to open into the
peritoneal cavity near the ovary. Its margins carry
fimbria which spread over the medial surface of
the ovary.
Parts Of The Uterine Tube From Medial To Lateral

 Tubal ligation:Tubal ligation:
A simple andA simple and
effective method ofeffective method of
birth control is tobirth control is to
surgically ligate thesurgically ligate the
uterine tubes,uterine tubes,
preventingpreventing
spermatozoa fromspermatozoa from
reaching ova.reaching ova.
 Conduct of theConduct of the
ovum in the uterineovum in the uterine
tube to the uterinetube to the uterine
cavity iscavity is helped by:helped by:
ciliary movement ofciliary movement of
mucosal lining &mucosal lining &
peristalticperistaltic
movementmovement of theof the
tubetube

Blood Supply Of The Uterine Tube
Arterial supply:
Medial 2/3: by the
uterine artery.
Lateral 1/3 : by the
ovarian artery.
Venous drainage:
By veins accompanying
the arteries into the
uterine and ovarian
veins.
Lymph drainage:
Most of the tubal
lymphatics pass to the
para-aortic L.Ns.
Lymphatics of the isthmus
pass to the superficial
inguinal L.Ns.
Commonest site of fertilization is
the ampulla of the uterine tubeampulla of the uterine tube.
Implantation of the embryo in the
uterine tube rather than the uterus
can cause an ectopic pregnancy.ectopic pregnancy.

UterusUterus
It is a hollow pear-shaped
muscular organ.
Location:Location:
It is located in the central
part of the pelvis:
Anterior to the rectum
posterosuperior
to the bladder.
Dimension: measuringmeasuring
3×2×1 inches3×2×1 inches

Parts Of The UterusParts Of The Uterus
1)1) Fundus:Fundus:
 It is dome-shaped part that
lies above level of the
opening of the Fallopian
tubes.
 It is completely covered by
peritoneum. It is related to
coils of small intestine &
sigmoid colon.
2)2) Body:Body:
 is the part extending from
level of opening of the
Fallopian tubes to the
constriction called isthmus. It
contains uterine cavity. It is the
site of implantationimplantation of the
zygote & also the site of
menstruation.

Dr: Azza ZakiDr: Azza Zaki
3) Isthmus:
Slight constriction between the body and the cervix.
4) Cervix: it has supra-vaginal & vaginal parts
Supra-vaginal part:
Anteriorly: it is not covered by peritoneum and
related to the U.B.
Posteriorly: it is covered by peritoneum of Douglas
pouch which separates it from the rectum.
Laterally: it gives attachment to the broad ligament
and is related to the ureter and uterine vessels just
below the root of the broad ligament.
Vaginal part: is surrounded by the vaginal fornices.

TheThe cavitycavity of the uterine body isof the uterine body is triangulartriangular in coronal section,in coronal section,
but it is a cleft in the sagittal plane. The cavity of the cervix, thebut it is a cleft in the sagittal plane. The cavity of the cervix, the
cervical canalcervical canal, communicates with the cavity of the body, communicates with the cavity of the body
throughthrough the internal osthe internal os and with that of the vagina throughand with that of the vagina through thethe
external osexternal os. Before the birth of the first child, the external os is. Before the birth of the first child, the external os is
circular. In a parous woman, the vaginal part of the cervix iscircular. In a parous woman, the vaginal part of the cervix is
larger, and the external os becomes a transverse slitlarger, and the external os becomes a transverse slit

Relations Of The UterusRelations Of The Uterus
Anteriorly:Anteriorly: The body of the uterus is related anteriorly toThe body of the uterus is related anteriorly to
thethe uterovesical pouchuterovesical pouch and the superior surface of theand the superior surface of the
bladder.bladder. The supravaginal cervix is related to the superiorThe supravaginal cervix is related to the superior
surface of the bladder. The vaginal cervix is related to thesurface of the bladder. The vaginal cervix is related to the
anterior fornixanterior fornix of the vagina.of the vagina.
Posteriorly:Posteriorly: The body of the uterus is related posteriorly toThe body of the uterus is related posteriorly to
thethe rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) with coils ofwith coils of
ileum or sigmoid colon within it.ileum or sigmoid colon within it.
Laterally:Laterally: The body of the uterus is related laterally to theThe body of the uterus is related laterally to the
broad ligamentbroad ligament and theand the uterine artery and vein.uterine artery and vein. TheThe
supravaginal cervix is related tosupravaginal cervix is related to the ureterthe ureter. The vaginal. The vaginal
cervix is related to thecervix is related to the lateral fornixlateral fornix of the vagina.of the vagina.
TheThe uterine tubesuterine tubes enter the superolateral angles of theenter the superolateral angles of the
uterus, and theuterus, and the ligament of the ovaryligament of the ovary (posterior) and(posterior) and roundround
ligament of theligament of the uterusuterus (anterior) are attached to the uterine(anterior) are attached to the uterine
wall just below this level.wall just below this level.

Arterial
supply
by the uterine artery:
It is a branch of the anterior division of
internal iliac artery.
 It passes medially on the floor of the pelvis in
the root of the broad ligament crossing the
ureter, about 2 cm lateral to the cervix.
 It ascends along the side of the uterus in a
tortuous course between the 2 layers of the
broad ligament.
 It turns laterally below the Fallopian tube to
end by anastomosis with ovarian artery, which
also assists in supplying the uterus.
 It supplies: uterus + medial ¾ of Fallopian
tube + vagina.
Venous
drainage
Each venous plexus is drained by a pair of
uterine veins which ends into internal iliac
vein.

Lymphatic drainage of the uterusLymphatic drainage of the uterus

Lymphatic
drainage
 Fundus + upper part of the body +
uterine tube  para-aortic L.Ns
 Lower part of the body  external
iliac L.Ns.
 Cornu of the uterus  its
lymphatics pass along the round
ligament of uterus into the superficial
inguinal L.Ns.
 Cervix  internal iliac & external
iliac & sacral L.Ns.
Nerve
supply
Sympathetic  from T12 & L1 (produce
uterine contraction & vasoconstriction).
 Parasympathetic  from S2, 3, 4.
(produce uterine relaxation &
vasodilatation).

Peritoneal Covering Of The UterusPeritoneal Covering Of The Uterus
The peritoneum
reflected from the
rectum to the upper part
of the vagina, forming
recto-uterine pouch,
then cover the posterior
surface of the uterus,
fundus, anterior surface
of the body of the
uterus ,which is
reflected at the
isthmus on the upper
surface of U.B. forming
the utero-vesical
pouch. So anterior
surface of the cervix
and vagina have no
peritoneal covering

Broad LigamentBroad Ligament
It is a double-layered fold of peritoneum whichIt is a double-layered fold of peritoneum which
extends from the side of the uterus to the side wall ofextends from the side of the uterus to the side wall of
the pelvis.the pelvis.
Parts of the broad ligament:Parts of the broad ligament:
MesosalpinxMesosalpinx:: the partthe part
between Fallopian tubebetween Fallopian tube
& mesovarium & and& mesovarium & and
round ligament of ovary.round ligament of ovary.
Suspensory ligament ofSuspensory ligament of
ovaryovary:: the part lateral tothe part lateral to
the ovary.the ovary.
MesometriumMesometrium:: thethe
remaining medial lowerremaining medial lower
part on the side of thepart on the side of the
uterus.uterus.

Broad Ligament
It has:1)It has:1) 2 layers:2 layers: upper (posterior) layer:upper (posterior) layer: isis
related to the coils of small intestine, is connectedrelated to the coils of small intestine, is connected
to theto the ovary by mesovariumovary by mesovarium & is pierced by the& is pierced by the
lateral end of Fallopian tubelateral end of Fallopian tube
lower (anterior layer)lower (anterior layer)
2) 4 borders:2) 4 borders:
 upper free border:upper free border: its medial 4/5 surroundsits medial 4/5 surrounds
Fallopian tubeFallopian tube its lateral 1/5 forms theits lateral 1/5 forms the suspensorysuspensory
ligament of the ovaryligament of the ovary
 lower borderlower border:: rests on the pelvic floorrests on the pelvic floor
 medial bordermedial border:: attached to the side of the uterusattached to the side of the uterus
 lateral borderlateral border:: attached to the side wall of theattached to the side wall of the
pelvispelvis

Contents Of The Broad Ligament:Contents Of The Broad Ligament:
 2 tubes:2 tubes: 1-1-Fallopian tube:Fallopian tube: in the medial 4/5 of thein the medial 4/5 of the
upper free border. 2- ureter at root of the ligament.upper free border. 2- ureter at root of the ligament.
 2 ligaments2 ligaments:: round ligament of ovary & round lig. ofround ligament of ovary & round lig. of
uterus.uterus.
 2 arteries2 arteries:: 1)Uterine A.1)Uterine A. (in the root then along the(in the root then along the
medial border then along the upper border).medial border then along the upper border).
 2)Ovarian A.2)Ovarian A. (in the suspensory ligament of ovary).(in the suspensory ligament of ovary).
 sympathetic nerve plexussympathetic nerve plexus plexus.plexus.
 2 embryological remnants2 embryological remnants:: epioophoron &epioophoron &
paraoophoron.paraoophoron.
 Connective tissue (parametrium) & lymphatics &Connective tissue (parametrium) & lymphatics &
L.Ns.L.Ns.

Positions Of The UterusPositions Of The Uterus
 Normal position antevertedNormal position anteverted
anteflexed:anteflexed:
thethe long axis of the uteruslong axis of the uterus is bentis bent
forward on theforward on the
long axis of the vaginalong axis of the vagina.This.This
position is referred to asposition is referred to as
anteversionanteversion (90 degree) of the(90 degree) of the
uterus .uterus .
 the long axis of the body of thethe long axis of the body of the
uterusuterus is bentis bent forwardforward at the levelat the level
of the internal os withof the internal os with thethe
long axis of the cervixlong axis of the cervix..
This position is termedThis position is termed
anteflexion (170 degree)anteflexion (170 degree)
of the uterus .of the uterus .

Abnormal position: retroverted, retroflexedAbnormal position: retroverted, retroflexed
 the fundus and body ofthe fundus and body of the uterus arethe uterus are bentbent
backward on the vaginabackward on the vagina so that they lie inso that they lie in
the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas).the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas).
In this situation, the uterus is said to beIn this situation, the uterus is said to be
retroverted.retroverted. If the body of the uterus is, inIf the body of the uterus is, in
addition,addition, bent backward on the cervixbent backward on the cervix, it is, it is
said to besaid to be retroflexed. Leads to back pain.retroflexed. Leads to back pain.

The uterus is supportedThe uterus is supported
mainly by:mainly by: A)A) musclesmuscles
1)1) the tone of thethe tone of the PelvicPelvic
diaphragm (pelvic floor)diaphragm (pelvic floor)
muscles:muscles: levator anilevator ani
muscles and coccygeusmuscles and coccygeus
muscle.muscle. resisting downward
push of uterus during
increased intra-abdominal
pressure.
2)2) Urogenital diaphragm:Urogenital diaphragm: the
muscles of the deep
perineal pouch.
3)3) Perineal body: is a
fibromuscular body between
the vagina & anal canal;
receiving the insertions of all
perineal muscles. Thus,
maintains the integrity of the
pelvic floor.
Supporting Factors Of UterusSupporting Factors Of Uterus

Levator Ani MuscleLevator Ani Muscle
 They form a broad muscularThey form a broad muscular
sheet stretching across thesheet stretching across the
pelvic cavity,pelvic cavity,
 theythey support the pelvic viscerasupport the pelvic viscera
and resist the intra-abdominaland resist the intra-abdominal
pressure transmittedpressure transmitted
downward through the pelvis.downward through the pelvis.
 The medial edges of theThe medial edges of the
anterior parts of the levator anianterior parts of the levator ani
muscles are attached to themuscles are attached to the
cervixcervix of the uterus by theof the uterus by the
pelvic fascia.pelvic fascia.
 It is incomplete anteriorly toIt is incomplete anteriorly to
allow passage of urethra andallow passage of urethra and
vagina in female.vagina in female.
 Action:Action: it supports andit supports and
maintains the pelvic viscera inmaintains the pelvic viscera in
position.position.

Some of the fibers of
levator ani are
inserted into a
fibromuscular
structure called the
perineal body This
structure is important
in maintaining the
integrity of the pelvic
floor; The perineal
body lies in the
perineum between the
vagina and the anal
canal. It thus supports
the vagina and,
indirectly, the uterus.

and the condensationsand the condensations
of pelvic fascia,of pelvic fascia,
which formwhich form threethree
importantimportant
B)B) ligaments.ligaments.
 The TransverseThe Transverse
Cervical,Cervical,
 Pubocervical,Pubocervical,
 and Sacrocervicaland Sacrocervical
LigamentsLigaments
 These three ligamentsThese three ligaments
are attached to theare attached to the
cervix and the vault ofcervix and the vault of
the vaginathe vagina and play anand play an
important part inimportant part in
supporting the uterussupporting the uterus
andand keeping the cervixkeeping the cervix
in its correct positionin its correct position

Ligaments of the cervix:Ligaments of the cervix:
1.1. Transverse cervical (Mackenrodt’s ) cardinalTransverse cervical (Mackenrodt’s ) cardinal
ligament:ligament:
 It is the main supporting factor of the uterus.It is the main supporting factor of the uterus.
 It a fan-shaped ligament, which is formed of condensedIt a fan-shaped ligament, which is formed of condensed
extraperitoneal tissue between the side wall of theextraperitoneal tissue between the side wall of the
pelvis and side of cervix & vagina.pelvis and side of cervix & vagina.
1.1. Pubo-cervical ligamentPubo-cervical ligament::
 It is a condensation of extraperitoneal tissue, whichIt is a condensation of extraperitoneal tissue, which
extends from the front of cervix & upper part of vaginaextends from the front of cervix & upper part of vagina
to the back of the pubis, around the sides of theto the back of the pubis, around the sides of the
urethra.urethra.
1.1. Utero-sacral (sacrocervical) ligament:Utero-sacral (sacrocervical) ligament:
 It is a condensation of extraperitoneal tissue, whichIt is a condensation of extraperitoneal tissue, which
extends from the back of the cervix to the front of 2extends from the back of the cervix to the front of 2ndnd
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pieces of sacrum, around the sides of the rectum.pieces of sacrum, around the sides of the rectum.

4)4) The round ligament of the uterus,:The round ligament of the uterus,:
which represents the remains of the lowerwhich represents the remains of the lower
half of the gubernaculum, extendshalf of the gubernaculum, extends
between the superolateral angle of thebetween the superolateral angle of the
uterus, through the deep inguinal ring anduterus, through the deep inguinal ring and
inguinal canal, to the subcutaneous tissueinguinal canal, to the subcutaneous tissue
of the labium majus. Itof the labium majus. It helps keephelps keep thethe
uterusuterus anteverted (tilted forward) andanteverted (tilted forward) and
anteflexed (bent forward).anteflexed (bent forward).
 The round ligament of the uterus andThe round ligament of the uterus and
5)the broad ligament5)the broad ligament are considered to playare considered to play
a minor role in supporting the uterus.a minor role in supporting the uterus.

Uterine ProlapseUterine Prolapse
 Damage to the levatores ani musclesDamage to the levatores ani muscles
or ligaments of the cervix duringor ligaments of the cervix during
childbirth or general poor bodychildbirth or general poor body
muscular tone may result inmuscular tone may result in downwarddownward
displacement of the uterusdisplacement of the uterus calledcalled
uterine prolapse. In advanced cases,uterine prolapse. In advanced cases,
the cervix descends the length of thethe cervix descends the length of the
vaginavagina and may protrude through theand may protrude through the
orifice.orifice. if the perineal body is damaged
during childbirth, prolapse of the pelvic
viscera may occur.
 Caesarean section: opening theCaesarean section: opening the
abdomen, when normal child birth isabdomen, when normal child birth is
not possible.not possible.
 Hysterectomy: removal of uterus inHysterectomy: removal of uterus in
case of cancer.case of cancer.

VaginaVagina
It is a fibromuscular tube extends upward &It is a fibromuscular tube extends upward &
backward from the vestibule to the cervixbackward from the vestibule to the cervix
It is copulatory organ in female & serve as aIt is copulatory organ in female & serve as a
passage for menstrual flow & child birth.passage for menstrual flow & child birth.
Its upper partIts upper part
surrounding thesurrounding the
cervix formingcervix forming
Anterior,Anterior,
 posterior , right lateralposterior , right lateral
and left lateral fornices.and left lateral fornices.
It is 8 cm longIt is 8 cm long
vaginal opening may bevaginal opening may be
partially covered by the hymenpartially covered by the hymen

RelationsRelations
 Anterior wall:Anterior wall: (7 cm)(7 cm)
 Not covered by peritoneumNot covered by peritoneum
 Its upper 1/3 is pierced by the cervix.Its upper 1/3 is pierced by the cervix.
 Its middle 1/3 is related to the base of U.B.Its middle 1/3 is related to the base of U.B.
 Its lower 1/3 is related to the urethra.Its lower 1/3 is related to the urethra.
 Posterior wall:Posterior wall: (9 cm)(9 cm)
 Its upper1/4 is covered by peritoneum which is reflectedIts upper1/4 is covered by peritoneum which is reflected
to the rectum to form theto the rectum to form the recto-vaginal (Douglas pouch)recto-vaginal (Douglas pouch)
which contains coils of ileumwhich contains coils of ileum
 Its middle 2/4 related to rectum.Its middle 2/4 related to rectum.
 Its lower 1/4 is related toIts lower 1/4 is related to perineal body and anal canal.perineal body and anal canal.
 Lateral relationsLateral relations (from above downwards):(from above downwards):
 Upper part:Upper part: uterine artery & ureter.uterine artery & ureter.
 Middle part: levator ani (sphincter vaginae).Middle part: levator ani (sphincter vaginae).
 Lower part : greater vestibular gland (in the perineum)Lower part : greater vestibular gland (in the perineum)

 Fornices of vagina:Fornices of vagina:
 These are 4 pouches formed by the upperThese are 4 pouches formed by the upper
part of vagina around the vaginal part ofpart of vagina around the vaginal part of
cervixcervix
 (2 lateral, 1 anterior & 1 posterior)(2 lateral, 1 anterior & 1 posterior)
 The posteriorThe posterior fornix is thefornix is the deepestdeepest one & theone & the
only one covered by peritoneumonly one covered by peritoneum
 LateralLateral one related toone related to uterine artery & ureter.uterine artery & ureter.

ArterialArterial
supplysupply
It is supplied by:It is supplied by:
 Uterine artery.Uterine artery.
 Vaginal artery.Vaginal artery.
 Middle rectal artery.Middle rectal artery.
 Internal pudendal artery.Internal pudendal artery.
VenousVenous
drainagedrainage
The vaginal veins form plexuses that drains intoThe vaginal veins form plexuses that drains into
internal iliac vein.internal iliac vein.
LymphaticLymphatic
drainagedrainage
Upper 1/3Upper 1/3  external iliac L.Ns.external iliac L.Ns.
Middle 1/3Middle 1/3  internal iliac L.Ns.internal iliac L.Ns.
Lower 1/3Lower 1/3  superficial inguinal L.Ns.superficial inguinal L.Ns.
NerveNerve
supplysupply
 Upper 2/3Upper 2/3 (pain insensitive)(pain insensitive) by autonomic fibersby autonomic fibers
 Sympathetic: L1, 2Sympathetic: L1, 2
 Parasympathetic: S 2, 3Parasympathetic: S 2, 3
 Lower 1/3Lower 1/3 (pain sensitive(pain sensitive))  brs. ofbrs. of pudendal nerve.pudendal nerve.

Supports of the VaginaSupports of the Vagina
TheThe upper partupper part of the vagina is supported by:of the vagina is supported by:
 thethe levatores anilevatores ani musclesmuscles
and theand the transverse cervical, pubocervical, andtransverse cervical, pubocervical, and
sacrocervical ligamentssacrocervical ligaments. These structures are. These structures are
attached to the vaginal wall by pelvic fascia.attached to the vaginal wall by pelvic fascia.
TheThe middle partmiddle part of the vagina is supported byof the vagina is supported by
thethe urogenitalurogenital diaphragm.diaphragm.
TheThe lower partlower part of the vagina, especially theof the vagina, especially the
posterior wall, is supported by theposterior wall, is supported by the perineal bodyperineal body

External Genitalia (Vulva)External Genitalia (Vulva)
 Mons pubis - Fatty area overlying the pubicMons pubis - Fatty area overlying the pubic
symphysissymphysis
 Covered with pubic hair after pubertyCovered with pubic hair after puberty
 Labia – skin foldsLabia – skin folds
 Labia majora—hair-covered skin foldsLabia majora—hair-covered skin folds
 Labia minora—delicate, hair-free folds of skinLabia minora—delicate, hair-free folds of skin
Contain the vestibule: Greater vestibular glandsContain the vestibule: Greater vestibular glands
Urethral orificeUrethral orifice
Vaginal orificeVaginal orifice
 Clitoris located at the anterior regions of the labiaClitoris located at the anterior regions of the labia
minora:minora: composed of sensitive erectile tissuecomposed of sensitive erectile tissue

External Genitalia (Vulva)External Genitalia (Vulva)

15745481 female-reproductive-system

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