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WIPAC MONTHLYThe Monthly Update from Water Industry Process Automation & Control
	www.wipac.org.uk												Issue 3/2018- March 2018
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In this Issue
	 From the Editor....................................................................................................................	 3
	 Industry News.................................................................................................................	 4 - 9		
	 Highlights of the news of the month from the global water industry centred around the successes of a few of the
	companies in the global market.
	 The journey to Smart Water Networks II............................................................................. 12-13
	In the second of his series of articles on the journey towards Smart Water Networks, Mike Strahand of ATi, gives a case
study of water quality monitoring in the potable water network.
	 Optimisation of a SBR using Enhanced Control................................................................... 14-16
In this case study by Michael Dooley of Strathkelvin we see the benefits and savings that can be delivered by the
installation of advanced instrumentation & control in the optimisation of a sequencing batch reactor at Cookstown in
Northern Ireland. The results of implementing the system resulting in increased hydraulic throughput and large energy
savings by implementing enhanced control of the SBR system
	 Workshops, Conferences & Seminars................................................................................... 	17-18	
	 The highlights of the conferences and workshops in the coming months
	
	 The pictures on the front page are of the Wastewater treatment works at Cookstown and the energy savings that were made as
	 part of the ASP-CON project by Strathkelvin Instruments.
	 WIPAC Monthly is a publication of the Water Industry Process Automation & Control Group. It is produced by the group
	 manager and WIPAC Monthly Editor, Oliver Grievson. This is a free publication for the benefit of the Water Industry and please 	
	 feel free to distribute to any who you may feel benefit.
	 All enquires about WIPAC Monthly, including those who want to publish news or articles within these pages, should be directed 	
	 to the publications editor, Oliver Grievson at olivergrievson@hotmail.com
Page 3
From the Editor
In the midst of conference season this month brought some surety in the direction the water industry is heading. This
month I was on my way to Lisbon, on holiday, to attend the Water & Energy Exchange conference which is an old
favourite of mine as it allows me to catch up with all things international and I get a phone-call.
“Oliver, we have a bit of a problem. Can you do a presentation next week”
“Not really”
“How about a panel then”
The answer was of course yes and after that I spent the next few days talking to technical experts in the industry. One
of the final sessions of the conference was the one that I was hosting on data and we heard the opinions of the cyber
security experts and the Chief Data Officers this world as well as the practitioners. The theme was very much along the
lines of using of rationalising the data that we have and using the data to feed the information that the industry needs and
identifying what we don’t have and going out and getting it. It is a message that the WIPAC group has been talking about
for a very long time and it was good to hear that the message is getting through to the mainstream industry as a whole and getting adopted.
For awhile now the industry has been grabbing hold of Water 4.0, the Industrial Internet of Things and concentrating on the digital, concentrating on the sexy
bells and whistles and the danger has been that what we would get from the Smart Water Industry would be a huge amount of flash and not a lot of substances
which leads to the industry saying “we tried it but it doesn’t work” and the cycle goes around again.
Instruments & data are tools, they are certainly not going to solve anything on there own but by using the right tool for the right job then the job can get done
properly.
A few days later and sitting at an airport ready to come back to the UK I got another call
“Oliver, We have a bit of a problem. You know the conference tomorrow.....can you host it”
The answer of course, yes. Still on holiday the next day I jump on the train to Birmingham where the discussions of the previous week continue and some
of the same themes emerge along with some new and interesting potential developments. If anything the second conference put things into a better
perspective. One of the underlying themes was quite clear insofar as “status quo” is not acceptable and there is a definite drive forward to do more and more
and more and all of this has to delivered in an environment when the industry has less to deliver it all. The drive for efficiency and the savings meant to come
from the magic world of “innovation.”
This is not to say that there are different ways of doing things, there are innovations that will see the industry deliver more for less and some of these we are
seeing coming into the industry. The SHARON process a few years ago was one and the Nereda process is another. The one thing that both of these processes
have in common....robust advanced control systems with instrumentation at their heart. This of course gives the operator all of the data & information that is
needed to make informed decisions. Most of which, in these processes, are of course M2M - Machine to Machine.
Over all of the discussions that were had at both conferences the underlying theme was to know what information is needed so that you know what data is
needed and all of this leads to what instrumentation is needed in the ground to feed the data & informational needs.
Before we get too far down the road to Water 4.0 we need to know what we need to know otherwise we risk a lot of flash and not a lot of substance.
Have a good month
Oliver
SWIG board launches the Early Career Researchers competition
on top of the SWIG Photo Competition
The SWIG Early Career Researcher Prize is intended to raise
awareness of technology development and novel applications
related to water measurements and thereby promote innovation in
sensor research and commercial application. SWIG invites students
and employees in the field of water sensor research to design a
poster summarising their work. This is an opportunity for researchers
within the water and environmental sectors to showcase their
scientific talents and innovative thinking. Submissions of abstracts
and posters will be accepted via a portal on the WWEM website. The
deadline is Friday 7th September 2018.
This year there is a £1,200 1st
prize, £500 2nd
prize and £200 3rd
prize.
The competition is open to all ‘early career researchers’ to
include undergraduate and postgraduate students either in full time
education or within the first 4 years of employment within their area
of expertise.
All posters passing to the final judging phase will be printed and
displayed at the WWEM 2018 conference and exhibition on 21-22
November, with the top 3 entrants being required to give a short
presentation at WWEM. The winner will be judged on the poster and
presentation, and announced at the WWEM Gala Dinner.
The winner of the 2016 prize was Zoe Goddard at the University of East Anglia [photo], with her work on optically-profiling diffusible iron concentrations in
sediment pore water.
Zoe said: “Winning the 2016 SWIG Early Career Researcher Prize was an invaluable experience. The opportunity to present my work greatly increased my
confidence in both my ability to promote my work and my research as a whole. I really enjoyed the chance to meet a wide range of industry professionals and
to discover more about the scope of water sensing research and how it is currently being applied to everyday situations.”
Zoe was presented with a trophy and cheque for £1,200 during the gala dinner at WWEM 2016, where she had earlier presented her research in the poster
exhibition area entitled ‘Optically-Profiling Diffusible Iron Concentrations in Sediment Pore Water’.
Congratulations also went to the winner of the 2nd prize of £500, Elena Koutsoumpeli of the University of York for her cutting edge research into the use
of affimers (artificial antibodies) for the detection of environmental contaminants ‘Antibody-mimetics for the detection of environmental contaminants’.
Congratulations also to the winner of the 3rd prize of £200, Kevin Martins of the University of Bath for his research into a ground breaking use of radar to study
‘Wave propagation in the surf zone’.
This year will also see the return of the SWIG Photography competition with a focus on the use of sensors in the water sector. There will be 2 categories for
entries for pictures:
•	 Close up water sensors
•	 Water Monitoring Technology in Action
The winning entries will receive a £200 prize at the WWEM Gala Dinner. The exhibition is open to anyone; however, an entry may be rejected when SWIG, in
its reasonable discretion, believes the entry does not conform to the exhibition rules and conditions. The best photographs will be shortlisted and displayed at
WWEM at the discretion of the judges.
Entries are limited to not more than 4 images per person.
Each image must have a unique title including the name of the photographer and organisation.
Entries must originate as photographs (image-captures of objects via light sensitivity) made by the entrant on photographic emulsion or acquired digitally. By
virtue of submitting an entry, the entrant certifies the work as his own (aliases are not permitted). The entrant permits SWIG or partner WWEM to reproduce
all or part of the entered material free of charge for publication and/or display in media related SWIG’s or partner WWEM’s activities.
Page 4
Industry News
2018 set for massive environmental monitoring event
This year, two of the world’s largest environmental monitoring events will take place in the same place and at the same time – Telford, November 21st and
22nd. WWEM 2018 will be the eighth in a series that began in 2005, and AQE 2018 will be the tenth in a series that began in 2002. As specialist events focusing
on the regulations, Standards, methods and technologies in environmental monitoring, enormous synergy is created by running them together.
The WWEM (Water Wastewater & Environmental Monitoring) events have grown year on year, and AQE (Air Quality & Emissions) has expanded beyond
recognition. “Many of the delegates for these events work in both emissions to air and wastewater, so this will be great news for them,” comments organiser
Marcus Pattison. “However, and it’s a big however, these events are feverishly busy; each with a packed workshop programme running alongside a conference,
all of which is CPD accredited, so the need for delegates to plan their visit is even greater than usual.
“Visitors will need to study the conference and workshop programmes on the two event websites, and plan their time accordingly. In all likelihood, this will
necessitate coming on both days to make the most of the conferences, workshops and both international exhibitions.”
Anyone planning to attend should register at www.ilmexhibitions.com. By registering, visitors will be eligible for free parking and refreshments, as well as free
entry to both exhibitions and all workshops. The exhibitions will feature over 230 companies representing more than 400 manufacturers, and there will be a
total of over 140 free technical workshops to choose from.
In addition to the updates on regulations that will be provided by many of the conference speakers, each exhibition will feature a ‘Regulators Stand’ providing
help and advice from the regulators of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern and Southern Ireland.
The WWEM 2018 Conference programme is being developed and supported by leading associations including SWIG (Sensors for Water Interest Group), the
Pump Centre, WRc, CIWEM, BMSS, PROFIBUS, CoGDEM, GAMBICA, WIPAC (Water Industry Process Automation and Control) and the RSC (Water Science
Forum & Separation Science Groups). Consequently, conference delegates can be assured of high quality, topical content.
With air quality experiencing extremely high levels of global political and media interest, and with Brexit looming at a time when the UK Government has
suffered repeated losses in Court, the timing of AQE 2018 could not be better. Debate is intensifying around the measures that must be taken to address air
pollution, and monitoring has a key role to play. The content of the AQE 2018 Conference is therefore being developed in association with the STA (Source
testing Association), EPUK (Environmental Protection UK), the REA (Renewable Energy Association), the CEA (Combustion Engineering Association) and IAPSC
(Investigation of Air Pollution Standing Conference).
Both AQE 2018 and WWEM 2018 will take place at the Telford International Centre, (UK) which benefits from a number of local hotels. However, with a high
proportion of visitors likely to attend over both days, the organisers are recommending early booking.
Page 5
Utility engagement sought on real-time monitoring
British Water is calling on water companies to share their real-time monitoring needs with a new focus group in preparation for the next five-year Asset
Management Plan (AMP). The trade association has added a Real-Time Monitoring Focus Group to its portfolio of technical forums and is encouraging the
utilities to engage directly with the supply chain.
Group convenor Joanna Kelsey, who is also principal consultant at Stantec, says water utilities in England and Wales are facing key regulatory challenges in
AMP7 (2020-25) and need new approaches.
“Ofwat has placed some key challenges on the utilities in terms of customer service, resilience, innovation and affordability,” she said. “Rather than using heavy
capital investment to meet those targets, utilities have to find better ways to use existing assets.
“Real-time monitoring gives water companies immediate information about how their assets are performing and what’s happening in the network or at the
treatment works. It makes them more resilient to heavy rainfall and climate change, for example.
“As real-time sensors and monitors become routinely available, there is a recognition that the industry needs to work together to get a broad view of what the
needs of the water companies are and how they can be best met. This makes it an exciting time for the sector and the perfect time for the end-user utilities,
consultancies and technology developers to come together to share knowledge.”
British Water technical manager Mar Batista said: “British Water’s portfolio of technology focus groups is strengthening all the time. Interest in the new
Real-Time Monitoring Focus Group is already very strong and the first meeting, which took place last month, was over-subscribed.
“We initially surveyed members of British Water’s Technical Forum to find out which areas needed extra focus and real-time monitoring came out on top. We
now have a total of seven focus groups where members can share specialist knowledge, make new connections.”
The next Real-Time Monitoring Focus Group meeting is in London on 9 May 2018 and utilities wishing to take part should email mar.batista@britishwater.co.uk.
Hycontrol announce the launch of their new SureSense foam
control and detection system
Level measurement experts Hycontrol have announced the
launch of the new SureSense⁺ foam control and detection
system.
Foam causes issues across a wide range of industries from
wastewater treatment to food production. Problems caused
by foam include pollution, contamination, product loss,
downtime, and clean-up costs. Excess foam can also
damage equipment such as pumps, compressors, and filters
on applications such as AD digesters in energy from waste.
Anti-foam agents are effective in reducing or removing foam
but are expensive and hard to dose correctly as foam is a
varying process and a constantly changing substance. The
traditional solution to this has been to constantly dose
anti-foam chemicals in high quantities, whether foam is
present or not. This overdosing is not only wasteful but
extremely costly.
To overcome this, Hycontrol’s SureSense⁺ system
utilises patented IMA (Intelligent Multi-Action) technology to
monitor and reactively control foam levels in a process. This
purpose - designed system is reliable, accurate and is not
adversely affected by product build-up or contamination on
the probe.
SureSense⁺ can have up to three foam probes connected to one controller with independent dosing control – reducing costs and increasing flexibility. Liquid
detection capability also provides greater process control, and a proportional dosing algorithm further reduces unnecessary anti-foam usage to cut expensive
waste to the absolute minimum. Probes can have up to three sensor points, across a length of up to 3 metres. Additional features include additional relay
outputs and a clear LCD interface which provides a simple menu-driven set-up.
Hycontrol’s Managing Director, Nigel Allen, welcomed the introduction of the new SureSense⁺, saying: “Foam is a problematic issue for a great many
businesses, from brewing, to wastewater, to pharmaceuticals. Historically the only way to deal with it in most cases has been for operators to guess how
much anti-foam is required, leading to chronic overdosing – at great expense. With the launch of the SureSense⁺, we offer a practical, cost-saving solution to a
range of control issues, far in advance of anything previously available. SureSense⁺ enables users to take control of dosing and manage their process far more
efficiently.”
Page 6
Yorkshire Water appoints SWECO for a three year telemetry
project
Leeds-headquartered engineering, environment and design consultancy Sweco UK has secured a three-year commission with Yorkshire Water to manage the
installation of telemetry assets at 1,200 waste water sites.
Sweco’s Asset Management team will specify and install or upgrade monitoring devices across the water company’s sewer network. The devices will provide
accurate data every 15 minutes, allowing Yorkshire Water to monitor and manage the performance of its assets.
Sweco’s team of engineers will manage the full delivery of the project from desktop and site surveys, to specifying the devices and managing installation
contractors.
Jacqui Briggs, Portfolio Lead at Sweco, said: “Accurately monitoring and reporting the performance of wastewater assets will provide Yorkshire Water with vital
intelligence as it continues to push on with its investment programme. We have worked with the utility provider for more than twelve years and welcome this
opportunity to continue to assist them in meeting the needs of their customers while improving their infrastructure and data capture and analytics capabilities.”
Sweco is currently contracted on Asset Management Period (AMP6) Frameworks with seven of the twelve UK water and sewerage companies, providing
services across the full asset lifecycle.
Scottish Water trials bacteria monitor set to revolutionise water
sampling technology
Scottish Water is the first utility in Europe to use new online technology which will revolutionise water sampling across the country. The company is trialling
an online bacteria monitor which it hopes will significantly improve the accuracy of water sampling and reduce the time it takes from up to five days to just 15
minutes.
The flow cytometry technology, known as On Cyt, is being used at the Glencorse Water Treatment Works near Edinburgh, to analyse the water quality of a
sample in real-time, giving a count of all bacteria in the sample.
Claire Thom, Scottish Water’s water science team leader, explained:
“This technology completely revolutionises the traditional methods whereby any bacteria contained in a water sample have to be grown and incubated in the
laboratory for three to five days before we get a reading.
“The results are regularly inconclusive as less than 1% of bacteria can be isolated this way, often there wouldn’t be any bacteria growth or the growth would
be random. The traditional method makes it more difficult for us to link the results back to poor water quality.
“Using the flow cytometer removes the need for us to grow the bacteria in the lab so now we can directly measure them within a sample using laser technology.
By adding a fluorescent dye to the sample, the instrument counts the bacterial cells giving us an accurate result in around 15 minutes.”
The latest technology allows Scottish Water scientists to operate the bacteria monitor online, enabling them to set up the equipment at any treatment works
in Scotland, feed a sample line into a point of interest and monitor the bacteria at regular intervals. The technology produces more regular counts which mean
scientists can establish what is going on across different water treatment stages and accurately assess the treatment performance of a water treatment works.
Prior to this, the sampling of a whole treatment works would have taken several scientists weeks to collect and analyse the data. The online monitor reduces
man hours improving speed and accuracy of samples. Scottish Water is currently trialling the monitor at Glencorse WTW and will be transporting it to various
locations in its network. The utility is leading the field to reap the full benefits of what the new technology can do for water quality and public health in Scotland.
Hagihon And TaKaDu Renew Contract For Another Three Years
Jerusalem water corporation Hagihon has extended its agreement with TaKaDu, a global leader in Integrated Event Management solutions, for another three
years. Hagihon has been using TaKaDu as its main tool for water loss reduction since 2010, with significant cost savings. Providing greater network visibility,
Hagihon has been able to respond faster to every type of event, including hidden leaks.
Dani Gombosh, Deputy CEO, for Water, Hagihon, said, “We’re implemented TaKaDu across the entire metropolitan area of Jerusalem, giving us actionable
insights. For example, the TaKaDu system recently detected a leak in a specific area of the city. We quickly understood that it was in a private household and
immediately alerted the customer, preventing further damage and an increased water bill.” Gombosh continued, “TaKaDu enables us to focus on events which
are more important or have the most impact on our water system. Sharing and cross-referencing events across departments helps us to improve operational
efficiency across the board, from customer service to repair maintenance and asset management.”
TaKaDu’s automated cloud-based service enables utilities to detect, analyse and manage network events and incidents such as leaks, bursts, faulty assets,
telemetry and data issues, operational failures, and more.
“We’re delighted that TaKaDu’s first customer worldwide, Hagihon, is extending its agreement. The contract renewal represents an important endorsement
of TaKaDu’s technology and the positive impact our solution continues to have on Hagihon’s water network management.” said Udi Geismar, VP Customer
Success, TaKaDu.
Page 7
Investors put cybersecurity top of the business threat list
Cyber attacks are the now the biggest threat to business in the eyes of investors, mirroring growing global concern from business leaders, according to a new
study by PwC. In the PwC Global Investor Survey 2018 the views of investors and analysts are compared with those of business leaders.
41% of investors and analysts are now extremely concerned about cyber threats, seeing it as the largest threat to business, rising to first from fifth place in 2017.
A similar amount (40%) of business leaders see it as a top three threat, but business leaders rank over-regulation and terrorism higher in the global study.
To improve trust with consumers, investors believe businesses should prioritise investment in cyber security protection (64% investors; 47% CEOs).
Investors rank geopolitical uncertainty (39% extremely concerned), speed of technological change (37%), populism (33%) and protectionism (32%) in the top
five threats to growth.
Hilary Eastman, head of global investor engagement at PwC, said:
“The top concerns of investors and CEOs emphasise the different internal and external perspectives on, and day to day experiences of, businesses. While on-the-
ground challenges such as finding the right skills are high on business leaders’ agendas, investors are preoccupied with the impact that wider societal trends,
such as geopolitical uncertainty, populism and protectionism, have on businesses generally.”
Overall, PwC finds that both investors and CEOs are more confident about the global growth outlook than they were last year. 54% of investors (+9%) believe
global economic growth will improve and 57% of CEOs (+19%).
Closer to home, in both the short and long term, PwC finds that investors are more pessimistic about their investments’ revenue growth outlook than business
leaders are in their own prospects.
Less than a quarter (23% (2017: 23%)) are very confident about 12 month growth, compared with 42% of CEOs. Over the next three years, only one in five (20%)
of investors are very confident about revenue growth, compared with 45% of business leaders.
Investors report higher expected levels of disruption from technology
Underlining their concerns about the outlook for growth, investors report higher expected levels of disruption from technology (85% vs 64%), customer
behaviour (81% vs 68%) and distribution channels (76% vs 60%) than business leaders do. Over a quarter of investors (26%) believe artificial intelligence will
have a larger impact on planned headcount reduction than last year (up 13%).
Hilary Eastman added:
“Investors expect disruption to have a bigger impact on business than CEOs, which might be affecting investor confidence in growth over the longer term.
Effective communication between businesses and investors is key to addressing caution. If businesses can clearly demonstrate the actions they’re taking to
combat investors’ concerns, they’re more likely to be able to attract long term investment.”
The top five countries investors and CEOs consider important for growth (USA, China, Germany, UK and India) remain the same this year. The gap is closing
however in investors’ eyes between the US and China, in contrast to the US reinforcing its lead for business leaders.
In 2018, the US leads China by 13% (78% USA vs 65% China) while in 2017, it led by 23%.
Brexit uncertainty likely to be impacting investors’ outlook for UK
By contrast, the gap between Germany and the UK has widened with Brexit uncertainty likely to be impacting investors’ outlook. Last year the UK and Germany
were preferred by 32% of investors equally; this year Germany remains a favourite for 32% of investors, in comparison with 21% for the UK. Both Germany (3)
and the UK (4) retain their positions in the top five countries for growth. A significant gap has also emerged between investors’ level of concern about declining
trust in business, and the scale of the challenge seen by business leaders themselves. Over a third (36%) of investors are concerned about declining levels of
trust between customers and organisations vs 18% of business leaders. To build trust in the workforce, the majority of investors (60%) believe transparency on
pay and benefits (60% investors; 51% CEOs), while the majority of CEOs feel the organisation’s values are most important (73% CEOs; 56% investors).
Hilary Eastman commented:
“Taking the investor perspective into account can give CEOs valuable external insights into where they need to focus to build confidence in their business. The
survey findings suggest investors are more concerned about the risks associated with rapidly evolving technology than CEOs. Investing in cyber security, digital
skills and training will be crucial for business leaders if they want investors to have confidence in their companies.”
Page 8
Shining a light on dark data
The water sector has always collected large amounts of data on every aspect of their operations. But there’s a problem. All of this measuring is no longer driving
the improvements in performance the sector wants to see and which Ofwat is demanding as part of PR19.
The crux of the sector’s struggle to use data for decision-making is that water companies’ internal reporting doesn’t provide a clear analysis of what is causing
the problems. Nor do they indicate what action should be taken to ensure it doesn’t happen in the future. This means managers don’t have the insights they
need to make the business decisions they want to.
It sounds so easy - use data to deliver business insights, management information and, ultimately, a better understanding of how your organisation is running.
There are plenty of technology providers in the market who offer these silver-bullet solutions. But there’s more to this than meets the eye.
You already have what you need
In short, the answer is often hiding deep in the data that you already possess. “Dark Data” is the information companies’ hold which was collected for one
reason but can be used in a different way to derive new value.
We have found our clients always have a hunch or a hypothesis as to why, for example, leakage remains stubbornly high. Or why sewers keep flooding in a
particular area. But the facts to backup those hunches, or manage the resources needed to fix the issues, are hard to pin down.
Yet the good news is that the data is there. It just needs to be accessed and combined in a different way to uncover those performance enhancing insights. How
to do this requires some consideration:
1.	 Ask the right question. You need to ask the right question of your data. Like any oracle, Dark Data will only reveal what you ask of it. Getting that
question right, and in line with new performance objectives is possibly more complicated than you might think.
2.	 Ensure actions are only taken based on the evidence, not gut instinct. Use the abundant data you already have access to derive the insights you need
to be able to make evidence based decisions.
3.	 Industrialise the solution to produce a Line of Sight. Taking these insights as a starting point, change your reporting from interesting things to know
to those few key metrics which really enable you to drive value within your organisation.
These tips cover the fundamentals of a methodology to help organisations become more data driven and to gain evidence based insights into how to improve
performance. At the moment, water companies don’t necessarily need additional resources or technologies. What they need is to leverage the data they
already hold by asking the right questions and applying the right methodology. Given the more rigorous performance requirements placed on companies by
PR19, it’s vital they seize the opportunity Dark Data offers to help them succeed in this more demanding environment.
i2O Invests In Manufacturing Its Own Advanced Pilot Valves
i2O, the smart water network solutions company, recently announced that
it has added a new production line for manufacturing its patent protected
Advanced Pilot Valves (APVs) at its state-of-the-art production facility in
Woolston, Southampton.
The APVs were previously made by a sub-contractor. However i2O has
taken the decision to manufacture the valves itself and invest in a new
assembly line. Switching APV production in-house will provide greater
control over quality , improve product development and allow
refurbishment of existing units. The move also enables i2O to reduce the
cost and pass these savings onto clients.
i2O’s APVs are a crucial part of smart water networks. i2O is the
only company using a dedicated pilot valve designed to continuously
adjust pressure rather than actuating a pilot valve designed for occasional
manual adjustment. This allows water utilities to control pressure more
precisely and smoothly. It can be remotely controlled or fully automatic or
a combination of the two, programmed in advance.
Joel Hagan, CEO of i2O, comments: “Our Advanced Pilot Valves provide
incredibly precise control for changing PRV pressure regularly,
improving the ability for water utilities to deliver non-revenue water and
drought mitigation initiatives. Bringing the assembly in-house will help us
improve quality and reduce production costs. We will pass these cost
improvements onto clients to accelerate the deployment of our smart
water network solutions around the world.”
Page 9
ABB launched their newest flow meter offering to the UK market this month in the
form of the newest version of their battery powered electro-magnetic flow meter,
the Aquamaster 4. Designed mainly for District Metering Areas the Aquamaster
has been launched with a host of new features for the digital water industry with
product features such as insitu diagnostics, self-checking capabilities, high and low
flow rate alarms and backwards compatibility with the Aquamaster range of flow
meters.
The flow meter has multiple power options including mains power, solar & wind
power but one of the things that is probably the most impressive is a battery life
of up to 10 years which is a huge leap in previous capabilities. Keeping in touch
with developments in modern technology the device works via secure near field
communication and with a simple touch of an authorised mobile phone the
device can be programmed, charts and data can be retrieved and firmware easily
updated.
In other news ABB has also released its new calibration platform the SRV500.
The next generation verification tool suite for use with ABB’s complete range of
active electronic flow meters. Download the software for free and use the
instrument-specific test routine to provide the best possible check of product
health, without stopping your process.
SRV500 verifies the condition and performance of the flow meter under test. With
the licensed software version, test reports can be generated and stored locally
for further analysis. SRV500 also analyses the product internal diagnostics and
compares the results with historical measurements.
Building on ABB’s fingerprint philosophy, each flow meter is verification
tested before shipping from the factory. SRV500 enables the operator to choose
whether to use either the factory fingerprint or to create a new fingerprint based
on real site conditions after product commissioning. All verifications performed
in the field can then be compared with the fingerprint data and previous tests to
ensure flow meter performance has not degraded.
ABB launch the new Aquamaster 4
High-tech water supply facility turns waste water into drinking
water at UN Camp Mali
In the middle of the desert, the water supply facility at the military camp of the United
Nation’s Peace Mission has successfully been converted to turn wastewater directly
into drinking water. The camp reduced its groundwater use by 65 percent. The com-
pact water treatment plant has been built by the Dutch sustainable technology com-
pany The MasterMind and is equipped with an online BACTcontrol sensor made by
microLAN.
Under harsh circumstances with temperatures upto 50o
C, sand dust everywhere and
ongoing military operations, water engineer Han Wissink of the MasterMind Com-
pany managed to upgrade the existing water supply installation of the UN military
camp into a high-tech water cycle facility that produces drinking water directly from
the camp’s waste water. Of all the camp’s daily water use now only 35 percent is ab-
stracted groundwater, which is a reduction of 65 percent compared to the previous
situation. If it were up to Wissink, it would be down to 25 percent.
At the request of the Dutch Ministry of Defence, Wissink spent two years at the camp to rebuild the existing water supply facility into the current high-tech
water cycle plant. The MasterMind company owns the installation and is paid by the Dutch Ministry of Defence for the treated cubic meters of water supply.
Online monitoring
One of the key components to enable this direct reuse, is the sophisticated online monitoring, including the detection of coliform bacteria. An online MicroLAN
BACTcontrol sensor detects the microbiological activity in the water and produces a measurement result within one to two hours. This fast analysis prevents
that large amounts of treated water must be stored first, awaiting a laboratory analysis, which can take up to three days. For the installation in Mali, it was the
‘missing link’ since in the case of potential contamination, the drinking water supply can now be stopped almost immediately. Without this online monitoring,
water samples would have to be analysed in a laboratory, or on-site using 24 hour field tests.
The BACTcontrol sensor is part of a process monitoring system designed and built by Qsenz. The entire system is mounted on panels made in the Netherlands
and then only had to be connected to the power and water supply lines in the camp.
Page 10
Digital flow meters to help civic body control wastage of water
in Surat
In a step forward to becoming a smart and water efficient city, the Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) has installed digitally-enabled flow meters for tracking,
measuring and optimizing the water consumption on real-time basis.
The municipal corporation has partnered with ABB India for installation of 240 digitally-enabled flow meters, mainly in Pandesara area, which houses numerous
textile mills and other locations such as engineering college, hospitals and hotels.
ABB India is enabling the digitalization of entire water management system of the Diamond City with its GSM (global system for mobile communications)
enabled AquaMaster flow meters solution to measure water consumption in real-time. The next level technology will help SMC to study consumption patterns
and explore areas of improvement for better water management, moving Surat ahead in its journey to becoming a Smart City.
“Digitally monitoring the consumption of a critical resource like water will help in more equitable distribution and optimize water management for the benefit
of population of the city,” managing director of ABB India Sanjeev Sharma said.
The digital flow meters are installed in the inlet pipes of municipal water lines, enabling automatic meter reading (AMR) that measures water flow and send
precise readings to the corporation’s central control centre through GSM connection in real-time, eliminating the burden of manual data collection and reducing
error in readings. The data collected will provide computer-generated monthly and quarterly reports on the consumption patterns.
At present, the textile mills in the city consume over 50% of water supplied by SMC, while the remaining amount is consumed by households and other
commercial establishments in the city. However, going forward, the corporation will be able to use the detailed information on the timings of the usage and
peak hours of usage to optimize water management,” a senior officer in SMC said.
Endress + Hauser launch the Picomag
In industrial process measurement and automation, demand is steadily rising for simple,
reliable and maintenance-free instruments in a pocket-sized format. The new Picomag
fulfils such requirements, making no compromise. Not only does it measure the flow of
conductive fluids, but also their temperature. Picomag offers easy commissioning with
Bluetooth using its SmartBlue App, as well as seamless system integration thanks to
IO-Link technology. This makes Picomag ready for Industry 4.0.
The benefits of the Picomag are
•	 Reliable measuring and monitoring of industrial water, cooling water or warm water
•	 Simultaneous measurement of flow and temperature
•	 Time-saving device configuration even in difficult to reach places thanks to
	 Bluetooth connectivity
•	 Wireless and secure access to all device data by use of the intuitive SmartBlue App 	
	 via Bluetooth
•	 Flexible integration into all established fieldbus systems via IO-Link
•	 User-friendly, auto-rotatable display, i.e. with automatic adjustment to mounting
	 position
Due to its compact design, Picomag can be installed into any pipe up to 50 millimetres (2”) in diameter, even in confined spaces. There are various process
connections available, such as NPT-thread, R-thread, internal thread, Tri-Clamp or Victaulic. Picomag is a cost-optimized solution for applications where the
focus is on high repeatability (±0.2% o.f.s.) and thus reliable measured values – e.g. for correctly measuring water flows or for minimizing energy costs in utility
applications.
The large, user-friendly display allows a quick reading of flow, temperature and totalizer values. Errors occurring during operations, e.g. a partial pipe filling
or an exceeded temperature limit, are displayed via diagnostic symbols in accordance with NAMUR recommendation NE 107. For optimal readability, the
screen rotates automatically depending on the installation position. And last but not least, configuration parameters can be called up and monitored by simply
knocking on the device.
With Bluetooth connection, it is possible to carry out wireless configuration or data retrieval over a distance of 10 meters – even at installation sites which are
difficult to access. The free-of-charge SmartBlue App from Endress+Hauser provides the user with quick and easy navigation through all device and diagnostic
functions. The SmartBlue App is available for Android and iOS.
Another highlight is the digital data transmission to process control systems via IO-Link technology. This communication standard can be combined with all
conventional fieldbus systems, thus offering maximum flexibility of installation into existing infrastructures. The IO-Link master allows comprehensive data
access through the control room. Other advantages include the automatic transfer of parameters after a device replacement as well as low wiring effort as
compared to conventional wiring.
Page 11
Article:
The journey towards
smart water networks II
Last month I presented a discussion on the journey towards smart water networks. This month I will show some real life data and discuss some of the
possibilities it opens up.
The MetriNet system from ATi is made up of small smart monitors, (M-Nodes), flow cells, data collection and data transmission components. The system
delivers high quantities of high quality data either direct to the customer SCADA system or to a cloud platform. Once that data is there it is processed and
analysed. The MetriNet was developed in response to a need from the water industry for monitors that could deliver reliable high quality water quality infor-
mation from anywhere in a distribution network for the treatment works to the customer tap. There are MetriNet installations on service reservoirs, pumping
stations, valves, meter chamber and hydrants.
ATi is “agnostic” in the choice of data transmission, data collection and the analysis platform. This approach is vital if smart technology is to be embraced. Most
water companies will have incumbent providers and any sensor manufacturer must be prepared to leave their ego at the door to deliver a true end to end
solution to the customer.
A real case study is presented below.
Using chlorine monitors for model calibration and decay calculations
Background
MetriNet systems with chlorine M-Nodes are installed at multiple location in a water distribution system. The installations locations are a mixture of meter
chambers and PRV chambers at the inlet to a DMA, hydrant chambers inside the DMA, service reservoirs and pumping stations.
The chlorine data from the inlet locations feeding the DMA’s has structure, peaks, troughs and a general profile. The structure in the chlorine data is retained
as the water moves through the system.
Figure 2: Chlorine data from entry points to 4 DMA’s
Figure 1: Typical hydrant and PRV chamber installation
Page 12
Discussion
The trends are identical and the time between peaks on the “chlorine profile” can be used to time the movement of the water through the system.
The chlorine decay properties are also measured.
Location Peak Value ppm Time of peak Time difference hh:mm
2390 0.97 23:52 00:00
2590 0.93 00:22 00:30
2690 0.85 01:13 00:51
4701 0.73 03:41 02:28
Use of the time based information and the decay information enables:
1.	 Calculation of accurate wall decay factors for the different parts of the system between the measuring points
2.	 Calibration of the hydraulic models
3.	 Use of the chlorine of the chlorine monitors as to check on existing flow meters
4.	 Future possibilities
If MetriNet systems were permanently deployed in sufficient density and the appropriate software was written it would be possible to:
1.	 Calculate the wall decay regularly and monitor the change in the wall decay as a indicator of pipe condition.
2.	 Use chlorine flow profile information to calculate real time water age.
3.	 Use chlorine peak to peak times to calculate velocity, comparison with velocity from flow meters would also yield information about flow meter
accuracy and/or pipe condition.
4.	 Use real chlorine values from the network as a feed back to the WTW to optimize dosing.
5.	 Identify poor turnover areas and dead spots.
6.	 Compare the performance of different pipe materials.
7.	 Use AI to make predictions of chlorine issues.
Summary
Everything needed to make those steps towards smart water networks is available and possible now; smart water networks are within reach. The case study
above is simple, if machine learning were applied or if AI could be used to analyse data in real time the possibilities are endless. What are we waiting for?
About the Author
Michael Strahand has 25 years experience in building businesses that operate in the water industry, in both the
clean and the wastewater treatment market. He is a PhD chemist who has the ability to apply that knowledge
to solving process application problems. He has helped thousands of people in hundred of companies to
optimise their processes working at all stages of the business from design, manufacture and application of on line
instrumentation to the monitoring and control of processes, especially water processes.
Through in depth knowledge and application of that knowledge he has earned the nickname Doctor Chlorine from
both his customers and peers.
He specializes in applying my in depth knowledge of chemistry to the application of sensors to the monitoring
and control of water treatment and waste water treatment processes and building sales organisation businesses
based on this.
Page 13
Introduction – A history of the treatment works at Cookstown
The Wastewater Treatment works at Cookstown in Northern Ireland is a treatment works that has a long and extensive history. It was originally commissioned
in 1965 by the district’s local authority. Situated on the edge of the highly-respected Ballinderry River, the original works was designed to cater for an
equivalent population of 11,500. Within a relatively short period of the old works being commissioned (and following the establishment of Water Service
in 1973), it became apparent that the systems installed - although modern in their day - were not going to be able to deal effectively with the sewage from
the town as well as the surge in volume of effluent being produced from the area’s rapidly expanding pork industry. The trade effluent was extremely high in
strength due to the quantities of blood and fat associated with pig processing and was subsequently putting unprecedented pressure on the works.
By the 1980s Cookstown’s population had increased beyond 24,000, and while the existing works had been extended to cope with the growing domestic
and trade pressures, it was clear by the mid 1990s the sewage plant was operating well beyond its initial capacity. In addition, many of the tanks required
unpleasant and labour - intensive operational procedures to maintain them; whilst other items of plant, such as the detritor. had become ineffective.
Operational problems, such as blockages, were also frequently encountered.
Despite the processes being well maintained, the fact remained that the works was substantially overloaded both hydraulically and biologically. As a result, the
works had failed on a number of occasions to meet consent standards which meant that fines by the EC were imminent.
During the 1990s, extensive studies were carried out in relation to the building of a new sewage treatment works in Cookstown. The planning authority ruled
out the existing site for a bigger works on the grounds that it was too close to housing and that any development of the site would inhibit further residential
expansion in that area of the town.
Overall a total of seven sites were considered for the location of the new works with Environmental Impact Assessments drawn up for each option. An extensive
public consultation exercise was undertaken to present the various sites to key stakeholders but all options were deemed unacceptable.
Having exhausted all avenues, Water Service’s designers went back to looking in greater detail at ways in which they could overcome the constraints posed by
the existing works site.
The main problem with the site surrounded the restricted footprint that was available for introducing new infrastructure. However research showed that by
utilising more modern treatment processes, Water Service would be able to incorporate a new higher capacity works within a much smaller area. From an
environmental point of view, we knew that careful planting and screening of the new works would overcome any visual objections and that by introducing
robust odour control systems, the tightest of standards would be satisfied.
With this option offering the most economically advantageous option, Water Service proceeded with a design to replace the existing Cookstown WwTW with
a modern new plant on the same site. Five alternative treatment processes were economically and practically appraised for their construction within the
confines of the existing works site.
The most suitable option deemed for the new Cookstown Works was a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) process- a compact footprint plant which did not require
a separate secondary settlement stage (an element that would take up additional valuable space on site).
Case Study:
Optimisation of a SBR
using Enhanced Control
Figure 1: Cookstown WwTW
Page 14
Also, because the SBR process could be integrated into the existing works and operate without a short-term requirement for primary treatment, it eliminated
the need for the provision of a significant temporary treatment plant
In terms of whole life costs, the SBR option proved to be the most economically viable solution to produce high quality effluent.
Working within the confines of the existing site footprint, coupled with the need to keep the existing works live was probably the biggest challenge that faced
the construction team. Logistically the storing of materials also proved to be a significant problem and while ‘just time’ deliveries were scheduled as far as
possible to maximize space, NI Water were keen to reuse as much of the excavated spoil as possible. To enable this to happen, stockpiles of rock and indigenous
landscaping were created in the area just above the works itself.
Much of this existing material was used during phase one of the construction programme (building of the SBR tanks and the inlet works) when much of the
river improvement work was also undertaken.
River improvements Prior to construction work getting underway, NI Water’s Engineering & Procurement team, set up a special river improvement workshop
to offer a common platform for all those with an interest in the river to come together to discuss their concerns and put forward ideas for enhancing the river
quality and its long-term protection.
During the initial workshop, NI Water highlighted how the design of the works had been developed with cognisance of the adjacent Ballinderry River. To
improve the conditions in the river and protect it from construction work in the short term, NI Water took the decision to carry out ancillary upgrades to the
existing plant to temporarily raise the quality of the treatment process until the new works was brought on line and compiled with current discharge consents.
The first meeting proved a most valuable exercise and from the outset of the scheme, provided a crucial stepping stone to building strategic links with some key
project stakeholders. The knowledge gleaned from the Ballinderry River Enhancement Association (BREA) was fundamental in introducing the most effective
river improvement methods to ensure minimal disturbance to the existing fish or invertebrate life.
To the delight of the NI Water team, their joint venture contractors for the new works wholeheartedly bought into the idea of improving the river. Ahead of
construction, all river banks were strengthened to prevent future erosion and a total of six weirs and groynes lying above and below the works were repaired
using indigenous stone. A boom downstream of the works was introduced so that any silt or debris from the working site was caught and removed and a
number of gravel spawning beds were introduced at agreed locations for the migrating fish such as salmon and dollaghan.
The timing of the works was also taken into account with all construction work in the river undertaken to coincide with the migration of fish.
Moving forward to today – Advanced ASP Control
More recently the works at Cookstown was struggling to hydraulically treat all of the flows that it was receiving from the network with the storm tanks
regularly filling as the sequencing batch reactor cycles were proving to be insufficient to complete treatment before flows were fully treated as such flows
passing to storm tanks. In order to resolve this situation a solution was sought to improve the works control using an advanced activated sludge control system
from Strathkelvin Instruments, the ASP-CON.
The ASP-CON is a multi-parameter Activated Sludge Plant controller that is designed to measure up
to 20 key Activated Sludge Plant parameters that are used to control the Activated Sludge Process.
At its heart it is a respirometer that measures the Oxygen Utilisation rate and the health of the ASP
process but the multiple measurement techniques that utilises allows a greater degree of control of
the process (figure 2)
The ASP-Con system measures basic parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonia, MLSS, pH &
Temperature as well as additional basic parameters such as Potassium, Conductivity, Settlement and
TSS – Predicted as well as Advanced WwTW Control Parameters such as OUR and SOUR,. With these
parameters fed to PLC there is a complete control of the ASP system.
This unique access to all of the WWTP information allows the Operational Teams to decide how
to deploy scarce operational resource. The in-situ eliminates the need for Operators to go out on
plant and grab MLSS ASP-Con (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid) and settlement samples. Depending
on site size and layout this can save up to 2 hours of valuable time and ensuring consistent sampling
techniques and measurement practises. If an issue occurs the ASP-Con can be programmed to grab
another sample or programmed to collect samples more frequently, regardless of the time of day,
day of the week, holiday schedule and regardless of adverse weather conditions. The samples are
then tested in-situ – so avoiding the requirement to send off to the lab and wait a week on results,
not knowing how well samples are stored and for how long before a lab technician is free to test
any particular sample – results are Real-Time. The ASP-Con will also cut down the requirement of
operator time for routine cleaning of ASP-Con probes. All the probes are on one instrument, that
runs through a cleaning and calibration programme as dictated by the Operations Team. Cleaning is
built-in to the normal operating procedures of the instrument. This also can be altered if and when
required, by the Site Team. The demand on an Operator’s time for Maintenance of numerous probes
on a site is huge. The fouling and ragging of “old generation” probes is a significant health and safety
issue. The sheer physical requirement at times, to lift some probes out of the treatment plant due
to excessive ragging should not be under-estimated. In contrast, the ASP-Con’s Self-Cleaning regime
eliminates ragging completely. The regular cleaning regime automatically implemented significantly
reduces fouling, improving accuracy reliability and repeatability of measures. Also health & safety
risks to Operators in cold, wet and lone working conditions are significantly reduced.
Figure 2: ASP-CON System
Page 15
About the Author
Michael Dooley is a chartered Mechanical Engineer with 24 years experience in Process Equipment Design,
Operation and maintenance. He has been Managing Director and part owner of Strathkelvin Instruments
Limited and is considered one of the foremost experts in Biological Wastewater treatment in the UK and Ireland.
He regularly consults for companies such as Calachem, Northern Ireland Water, Veolia, Scottish Water and many
others. He specialises in reducing aeration energy costs of wastewater treatment.
Strathkelvin Instruments was founded in 1981, to develop instruments based upon precision dissolved
oxygen measurement, for use in the biomedical research field. This remains a significant part of the company’s
instrumentation range.
What this means at the wastewater treatment works at Cookstown was that the completion of the sequencing batch reactor cycles could be more accurately
managed by using the ASP-Con system to measure when the Biodegradable load (by measuring Oxygen Uptake Rate – OUR and Ammonium) is completely
removed during each aeration cycle. Once this has been confirmed as complete the ASP-Con system takes a sample to measure the MLSS and then the SVI in
each basin. The SBR control software for the basin is then stepped on to complete the settle and decant phases before being allowed to idle until the level in
the Anoxic basin requires the fill/aerate cycle to restart.
The SBR basins were optimised by
•	 Ensuring biodegradable load is completely removed during each aeration cycle.
•	 Avoiding excessive energy consumption by avoiding overtreatment of wastewaters.
•	 Maximising hydraulic throughput by maximising treatment basin availability.
•	 Monitoring biological measures of performance to avoid long term issues.
This can be seen in figure 3:
What this meant, from a hydraulic point of view, was that the number of SBR cycles could be increased by decreasing the SBR cycle time so that 12 fixed
volume cycles could be treated each week. This increased the hydraulic throughput in the plant by 50% ensuring that spills to the storm tanks could be limited
to genuine storm events and not due to hydraulic overload of the treatment process.
However, this was not the only benefit of the ASP-CON system at Cookstown as the plant worked on the principle of a Surge Anoxic Mix SBR. This has meant
a large decrease in the amount of energy that is required to treat the wastewater to standard as can be seen in figure 4
Over a one month period there was a 50% reduction in the amount of energy
that was consumed by the treatment process. All of these benefits also result
in an increased stability of the treatment process which means overall the
treatment works is more stable.
Conclusions
By utilising advanced monitoring and control using the ASP-CON
system at Cookstown WwTW there has been a large improvement in
environmental quality by increasing the hydraulic capacity of the works and
decreasing the energy consumption. This is a double benefit that the water
industry is seeking insofar more is being achieved, quite literally for less. This
sort of system is usually reserved for larger works where there is a larger
potential for savings. However Cookstown WwTW at a relatively small design
population of 24,000 shows that advanced control systems are available on
treatment works a lot smaller than has been traditionally considered for
advanced ASP control systems. In a time where the water industry is looking
to deliver more for less the ASP-CON system gives the industry a potential
solution to realise the efficiencies that it needs to through instrumentation
and control.
Figure 3: Cookstown unoptmised (left) and optimised (right)
Figure 4: Energy Savings at Cookstown utilising the ASP-CON System
Page 16
April 2018
Sensors for Water & Wastewater Maintenance
18th April 2018
Manchester, UK
Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group
Smart Water Systems
25th-26th April 2018
London, UK
Hosted by SMi Group
Advances in Process Analytics & Control Technology
25th-27th April 2018
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Hosted by Royal Society of Chemistry
May 2018
Condition Based Monitoring
9th
May 2018
Manufacturing Technology Centre, Coventry, UK
Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group
Digital Utilities Europe
16th
- 17th
May 2018
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Hosted by the Active Communications International
SWAN 2018
21st-22nd May 2018
Barcelona, Spain
Hosted by Smart Water Networks Forum
June 2018
Sensor & Data Driven Technologies for future water networks
6th June 2018
Hebden Bridge, UK
Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group
July 2018
State of the Art of Wastewater Monitoring
4th July 2018
ABB Stonehouse, UK
Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group
November 2018
Water, Wastewater & Environmental Monitoring
21st-22nd November 2018
Telford, UK
Hosted by International Labmate
Page 17
Conferences, Events,
Seminars & Studies
Conferences, Seminars & Events
Conferences Coming Soon
Maintenance of Sensors in Water & Wastewater
Environments
Where: 	 Museum of Science & Industry, Manchester
When: 		 18th
April 2018
Process instrumentation is becoming more critical as water and waste water
companies drive for automation, efficiency and control in a highly regulated
sector. The introduction of innovative new process solutions, advances in
process control and the realisation of big data analytics places more
importance on the quality of data from instruments. A move towards remote
decision making in today’s connected environment means we need ensure
confidence in data.
For many analytical instruments the OPEX costs associated with keeping
sensors operational far outweigh the purchase price over the sensor life.
End users are now making decisions based on the whole life cost (TOTEX) of
sensor systems taking frequency of visits, chemical consumption and general
maintainability of sensors rather than the purchase price.
The event will break focus on three areas:
•	 Instrument design – Designing for reliability, availability and
maintainability
•	 Service models – How the supply chain can add value
•	 End users – How can we ensure trust in data
Smart Water Systems
Where: 	 Kensington, London
When: 		 25th
-26th
April 2018
A smart water system is designed to gather meaningful and actionable data
about the flow, pressure and distribution of an area’s water supply and waste.
Furthermore, it is critical that the consumption and forecasting of water use
is accurate, readable and manageable. That is why Smart Water Systems
2018 will look at topic areas such as the best solutions for monitoring and
metering; understandings of customer expectations using behavioural science
and data - collection tools; handling of ‘big’ data ; and the operational
strategies of UK and international utility companies that are already advancing
with smart network technologies and strategies.
Water systems are a critical component of our broader utility management
system in our increasingly technologically advanced society. Once water
facilities are optimized and designed to gather meaningful and
actionable data, industry leaders can make better and faster decisions about
their operations, which can result in up to 30 percent energy savings and up
to 15 percent reduction of water losses. This conference will witness a vast-
breadth of experience in the smart world from the advanced systems of
Thames Water’s efficiency programme though to Water-Link’s proactive
flooding detection and many more examples from across Europe
The 8th International Conference and Exhibition on water,
wastewater and environmental monitoring
WWEM2018
Supporting Trade Associations
Network with Water
Industry Experts...
21st - 22nd November
Over 100 FREE workshops, over 140
Exhibitors and a focussed Conference.
WWEM is the specialist event for monitoring,
testing and analysis of water, wastewater
and environmental samples.
wwem.uk.com
Tel: +44 (0)1727 858840 email: info@wwem.uk.com
Follow us: @WWEM_Exhibition
Visitors to WWEM will als
o
have FREE admission to
the AQE Show
WWEM 2018 Advert.indd 1 29/01/2018 16:50
Page 18

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WIPAC Monthly - March 2018

  • 1. Page 1 WIPAC MONTHLYThe Monthly Update from Water Industry Process Automation & Control www.wipac.org.uk Issue 3/2018- March 2018
  • 2. Page 2 In this Issue From the Editor.................................................................................................................... 3 Industry News................................................................................................................. 4 - 9 Highlights of the news of the month from the global water industry centred around the successes of a few of the companies in the global market. The journey to Smart Water Networks II............................................................................. 12-13 In the second of his series of articles on the journey towards Smart Water Networks, Mike Strahand of ATi, gives a case study of water quality monitoring in the potable water network. Optimisation of a SBR using Enhanced Control................................................................... 14-16 In this case study by Michael Dooley of Strathkelvin we see the benefits and savings that can be delivered by the installation of advanced instrumentation & control in the optimisation of a sequencing batch reactor at Cookstown in Northern Ireland. The results of implementing the system resulting in increased hydraulic throughput and large energy savings by implementing enhanced control of the SBR system Workshops, Conferences & Seminars................................................................................... 17-18 The highlights of the conferences and workshops in the coming months The pictures on the front page are of the Wastewater treatment works at Cookstown and the energy savings that were made as part of the ASP-CON project by Strathkelvin Instruments. WIPAC Monthly is a publication of the Water Industry Process Automation & Control Group. It is produced by the group manager and WIPAC Monthly Editor, Oliver Grievson. This is a free publication for the benefit of the Water Industry and please feel free to distribute to any who you may feel benefit. All enquires about WIPAC Monthly, including those who want to publish news or articles within these pages, should be directed to the publications editor, Oliver Grievson at olivergrievson@hotmail.com
  • 3. Page 3 From the Editor In the midst of conference season this month brought some surety in the direction the water industry is heading. This month I was on my way to Lisbon, on holiday, to attend the Water & Energy Exchange conference which is an old favourite of mine as it allows me to catch up with all things international and I get a phone-call. “Oliver, we have a bit of a problem. Can you do a presentation next week” “Not really” “How about a panel then” The answer was of course yes and after that I spent the next few days talking to technical experts in the industry. One of the final sessions of the conference was the one that I was hosting on data and we heard the opinions of the cyber security experts and the Chief Data Officers this world as well as the practitioners. The theme was very much along the lines of using of rationalising the data that we have and using the data to feed the information that the industry needs and identifying what we don’t have and going out and getting it. It is a message that the WIPAC group has been talking about for a very long time and it was good to hear that the message is getting through to the mainstream industry as a whole and getting adopted. For awhile now the industry has been grabbing hold of Water 4.0, the Industrial Internet of Things and concentrating on the digital, concentrating on the sexy bells and whistles and the danger has been that what we would get from the Smart Water Industry would be a huge amount of flash and not a lot of substances which leads to the industry saying “we tried it but it doesn’t work” and the cycle goes around again. Instruments & data are tools, they are certainly not going to solve anything on there own but by using the right tool for the right job then the job can get done properly. A few days later and sitting at an airport ready to come back to the UK I got another call “Oliver, We have a bit of a problem. You know the conference tomorrow.....can you host it” The answer of course, yes. Still on holiday the next day I jump on the train to Birmingham where the discussions of the previous week continue and some of the same themes emerge along with some new and interesting potential developments. If anything the second conference put things into a better perspective. One of the underlying themes was quite clear insofar as “status quo” is not acceptable and there is a definite drive forward to do more and more and more and all of this has to delivered in an environment when the industry has less to deliver it all. The drive for efficiency and the savings meant to come from the magic world of “innovation.” This is not to say that there are different ways of doing things, there are innovations that will see the industry deliver more for less and some of these we are seeing coming into the industry. The SHARON process a few years ago was one and the Nereda process is another. The one thing that both of these processes have in common....robust advanced control systems with instrumentation at their heart. This of course gives the operator all of the data & information that is needed to make informed decisions. Most of which, in these processes, are of course M2M - Machine to Machine. Over all of the discussions that were had at both conferences the underlying theme was to know what information is needed so that you know what data is needed and all of this leads to what instrumentation is needed in the ground to feed the data & informational needs. Before we get too far down the road to Water 4.0 we need to know what we need to know otherwise we risk a lot of flash and not a lot of substance. Have a good month Oliver
  • 4. SWIG board launches the Early Career Researchers competition on top of the SWIG Photo Competition The SWIG Early Career Researcher Prize is intended to raise awareness of technology development and novel applications related to water measurements and thereby promote innovation in sensor research and commercial application. SWIG invites students and employees in the field of water sensor research to design a poster summarising their work. This is an opportunity for researchers within the water and environmental sectors to showcase their scientific talents and innovative thinking. Submissions of abstracts and posters will be accepted via a portal on the WWEM website. The deadline is Friday 7th September 2018. This year there is a £1,200 1st prize, £500 2nd prize and £200 3rd prize. The competition is open to all ‘early career researchers’ to include undergraduate and postgraduate students either in full time education or within the first 4 years of employment within their area of expertise. All posters passing to the final judging phase will be printed and displayed at the WWEM 2018 conference and exhibition on 21-22 November, with the top 3 entrants being required to give a short presentation at WWEM. The winner will be judged on the poster and presentation, and announced at the WWEM Gala Dinner. The winner of the 2016 prize was Zoe Goddard at the University of East Anglia [photo], with her work on optically-profiling diffusible iron concentrations in sediment pore water. Zoe said: “Winning the 2016 SWIG Early Career Researcher Prize was an invaluable experience. The opportunity to present my work greatly increased my confidence in both my ability to promote my work and my research as a whole. I really enjoyed the chance to meet a wide range of industry professionals and to discover more about the scope of water sensing research and how it is currently being applied to everyday situations.” Zoe was presented with a trophy and cheque for £1,200 during the gala dinner at WWEM 2016, where she had earlier presented her research in the poster exhibition area entitled ‘Optically-Profiling Diffusible Iron Concentrations in Sediment Pore Water’. Congratulations also went to the winner of the 2nd prize of £500, Elena Koutsoumpeli of the University of York for her cutting edge research into the use of affimers (artificial antibodies) for the detection of environmental contaminants ‘Antibody-mimetics for the detection of environmental contaminants’. Congratulations also to the winner of the 3rd prize of £200, Kevin Martins of the University of Bath for his research into a ground breaking use of radar to study ‘Wave propagation in the surf zone’. This year will also see the return of the SWIG Photography competition with a focus on the use of sensors in the water sector. There will be 2 categories for entries for pictures: • Close up water sensors • Water Monitoring Technology in Action The winning entries will receive a £200 prize at the WWEM Gala Dinner. The exhibition is open to anyone; however, an entry may be rejected when SWIG, in its reasonable discretion, believes the entry does not conform to the exhibition rules and conditions. The best photographs will be shortlisted and displayed at WWEM at the discretion of the judges. Entries are limited to not more than 4 images per person. Each image must have a unique title including the name of the photographer and organisation. Entries must originate as photographs (image-captures of objects via light sensitivity) made by the entrant on photographic emulsion or acquired digitally. By virtue of submitting an entry, the entrant certifies the work as his own (aliases are not permitted). The entrant permits SWIG or partner WWEM to reproduce all or part of the entered material free of charge for publication and/or display in media related SWIG’s or partner WWEM’s activities. Page 4 Industry News
  • 5. 2018 set for massive environmental monitoring event This year, two of the world’s largest environmental monitoring events will take place in the same place and at the same time – Telford, November 21st and 22nd. WWEM 2018 will be the eighth in a series that began in 2005, and AQE 2018 will be the tenth in a series that began in 2002. As specialist events focusing on the regulations, Standards, methods and technologies in environmental monitoring, enormous synergy is created by running them together. The WWEM (Water Wastewater & Environmental Monitoring) events have grown year on year, and AQE (Air Quality & Emissions) has expanded beyond recognition. “Many of the delegates for these events work in both emissions to air and wastewater, so this will be great news for them,” comments organiser Marcus Pattison. “However, and it’s a big however, these events are feverishly busy; each with a packed workshop programme running alongside a conference, all of which is CPD accredited, so the need for delegates to plan their visit is even greater than usual. “Visitors will need to study the conference and workshop programmes on the two event websites, and plan their time accordingly. In all likelihood, this will necessitate coming on both days to make the most of the conferences, workshops and both international exhibitions.” Anyone planning to attend should register at www.ilmexhibitions.com. By registering, visitors will be eligible for free parking and refreshments, as well as free entry to both exhibitions and all workshops. The exhibitions will feature over 230 companies representing more than 400 manufacturers, and there will be a total of over 140 free technical workshops to choose from. In addition to the updates on regulations that will be provided by many of the conference speakers, each exhibition will feature a ‘Regulators Stand’ providing help and advice from the regulators of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern and Southern Ireland. The WWEM 2018 Conference programme is being developed and supported by leading associations including SWIG (Sensors for Water Interest Group), the Pump Centre, WRc, CIWEM, BMSS, PROFIBUS, CoGDEM, GAMBICA, WIPAC (Water Industry Process Automation and Control) and the RSC (Water Science Forum & Separation Science Groups). Consequently, conference delegates can be assured of high quality, topical content. With air quality experiencing extremely high levels of global political and media interest, and with Brexit looming at a time when the UK Government has suffered repeated losses in Court, the timing of AQE 2018 could not be better. Debate is intensifying around the measures that must be taken to address air pollution, and monitoring has a key role to play. The content of the AQE 2018 Conference is therefore being developed in association with the STA (Source testing Association), EPUK (Environmental Protection UK), the REA (Renewable Energy Association), the CEA (Combustion Engineering Association) and IAPSC (Investigation of Air Pollution Standing Conference). Both AQE 2018 and WWEM 2018 will take place at the Telford International Centre, (UK) which benefits from a number of local hotels. However, with a high proportion of visitors likely to attend over both days, the organisers are recommending early booking. Page 5
  • 6. Utility engagement sought on real-time monitoring British Water is calling on water companies to share their real-time monitoring needs with a new focus group in preparation for the next five-year Asset Management Plan (AMP). The trade association has added a Real-Time Monitoring Focus Group to its portfolio of technical forums and is encouraging the utilities to engage directly with the supply chain. Group convenor Joanna Kelsey, who is also principal consultant at Stantec, says water utilities in England and Wales are facing key regulatory challenges in AMP7 (2020-25) and need new approaches. “Ofwat has placed some key challenges on the utilities in terms of customer service, resilience, innovation and affordability,” she said. “Rather than using heavy capital investment to meet those targets, utilities have to find better ways to use existing assets. “Real-time monitoring gives water companies immediate information about how their assets are performing and what’s happening in the network or at the treatment works. It makes them more resilient to heavy rainfall and climate change, for example. “As real-time sensors and monitors become routinely available, there is a recognition that the industry needs to work together to get a broad view of what the needs of the water companies are and how they can be best met. This makes it an exciting time for the sector and the perfect time for the end-user utilities, consultancies and technology developers to come together to share knowledge.” British Water technical manager Mar Batista said: “British Water’s portfolio of technology focus groups is strengthening all the time. Interest in the new Real-Time Monitoring Focus Group is already very strong and the first meeting, which took place last month, was over-subscribed. “We initially surveyed members of British Water’s Technical Forum to find out which areas needed extra focus and real-time monitoring came out on top. We now have a total of seven focus groups where members can share specialist knowledge, make new connections.” The next Real-Time Monitoring Focus Group meeting is in London on 9 May 2018 and utilities wishing to take part should email mar.batista@britishwater.co.uk. Hycontrol announce the launch of their new SureSense foam control and detection system Level measurement experts Hycontrol have announced the launch of the new SureSense⁺ foam control and detection system. Foam causes issues across a wide range of industries from wastewater treatment to food production. Problems caused by foam include pollution, contamination, product loss, downtime, and clean-up costs. Excess foam can also damage equipment such as pumps, compressors, and filters on applications such as AD digesters in energy from waste. Anti-foam agents are effective in reducing or removing foam but are expensive and hard to dose correctly as foam is a varying process and a constantly changing substance. The traditional solution to this has been to constantly dose anti-foam chemicals in high quantities, whether foam is present or not. This overdosing is not only wasteful but extremely costly. To overcome this, Hycontrol’s SureSense⁺ system utilises patented IMA (Intelligent Multi-Action) technology to monitor and reactively control foam levels in a process. This purpose - designed system is reliable, accurate and is not adversely affected by product build-up or contamination on the probe. SureSense⁺ can have up to three foam probes connected to one controller with independent dosing control – reducing costs and increasing flexibility. Liquid detection capability also provides greater process control, and a proportional dosing algorithm further reduces unnecessary anti-foam usage to cut expensive waste to the absolute minimum. Probes can have up to three sensor points, across a length of up to 3 metres. Additional features include additional relay outputs and a clear LCD interface which provides a simple menu-driven set-up. Hycontrol’s Managing Director, Nigel Allen, welcomed the introduction of the new SureSense⁺, saying: “Foam is a problematic issue for a great many businesses, from brewing, to wastewater, to pharmaceuticals. Historically the only way to deal with it in most cases has been for operators to guess how much anti-foam is required, leading to chronic overdosing – at great expense. With the launch of the SureSense⁺, we offer a practical, cost-saving solution to a range of control issues, far in advance of anything previously available. SureSense⁺ enables users to take control of dosing and manage their process far more efficiently.” Page 6
  • 7. Yorkshire Water appoints SWECO for a three year telemetry project Leeds-headquartered engineering, environment and design consultancy Sweco UK has secured a three-year commission with Yorkshire Water to manage the installation of telemetry assets at 1,200 waste water sites. Sweco’s Asset Management team will specify and install or upgrade monitoring devices across the water company’s sewer network. The devices will provide accurate data every 15 minutes, allowing Yorkshire Water to monitor and manage the performance of its assets. Sweco’s team of engineers will manage the full delivery of the project from desktop and site surveys, to specifying the devices and managing installation contractors. Jacqui Briggs, Portfolio Lead at Sweco, said: “Accurately monitoring and reporting the performance of wastewater assets will provide Yorkshire Water with vital intelligence as it continues to push on with its investment programme. We have worked with the utility provider for more than twelve years and welcome this opportunity to continue to assist them in meeting the needs of their customers while improving their infrastructure and data capture and analytics capabilities.” Sweco is currently contracted on Asset Management Period (AMP6) Frameworks with seven of the twelve UK water and sewerage companies, providing services across the full asset lifecycle. Scottish Water trials bacteria monitor set to revolutionise water sampling technology Scottish Water is the first utility in Europe to use new online technology which will revolutionise water sampling across the country. The company is trialling an online bacteria monitor which it hopes will significantly improve the accuracy of water sampling and reduce the time it takes from up to five days to just 15 minutes. The flow cytometry technology, known as On Cyt, is being used at the Glencorse Water Treatment Works near Edinburgh, to analyse the water quality of a sample in real-time, giving a count of all bacteria in the sample. Claire Thom, Scottish Water’s water science team leader, explained: “This technology completely revolutionises the traditional methods whereby any bacteria contained in a water sample have to be grown and incubated in the laboratory for three to five days before we get a reading. “The results are regularly inconclusive as less than 1% of bacteria can be isolated this way, often there wouldn’t be any bacteria growth or the growth would be random. The traditional method makes it more difficult for us to link the results back to poor water quality. “Using the flow cytometer removes the need for us to grow the bacteria in the lab so now we can directly measure them within a sample using laser technology. By adding a fluorescent dye to the sample, the instrument counts the bacterial cells giving us an accurate result in around 15 minutes.” The latest technology allows Scottish Water scientists to operate the bacteria monitor online, enabling them to set up the equipment at any treatment works in Scotland, feed a sample line into a point of interest and monitor the bacteria at regular intervals. The technology produces more regular counts which mean scientists can establish what is going on across different water treatment stages and accurately assess the treatment performance of a water treatment works. Prior to this, the sampling of a whole treatment works would have taken several scientists weeks to collect and analyse the data. The online monitor reduces man hours improving speed and accuracy of samples. Scottish Water is currently trialling the monitor at Glencorse WTW and will be transporting it to various locations in its network. The utility is leading the field to reap the full benefits of what the new technology can do for water quality and public health in Scotland. Hagihon And TaKaDu Renew Contract For Another Three Years Jerusalem water corporation Hagihon has extended its agreement with TaKaDu, a global leader in Integrated Event Management solutions, for another three years. Hagihon has been using TaKaDu as its main tool for water loss reduction since 2010, with significant cost savings. Providing greater network visibility, Hagihon has been able to respond faster to every type of event, including hidden leaks. Dani Gombosh, Deputy CEO, for Water, Hagihon, said, “We’re implemented TaKaDu across the entire metropolitan area of Jerusalem, giving us actionable insights. For example, the TaKaDu system recently detected a leak in a specific area of the city. We quickly understood that it was in a private household and immediately alerted the customer, preventing further damage and an increased water bill.” Gombosh continued, “TaKaDu enables us to focus on events which are more important or have the most impact on our water system. Sharing and cross-referencing events across departments helps us to improve operational efficiency across the board, from customer service to repair maintenance and asset management.” TaKaDu’s automated cloud-based service enables utilities to detect, analyse and manage network events and incidents such as leaks, bursts, faulty assets, telemetry and data issues, operational failures, and more. “We’re delighted that TaKaDu’s first customer worldwide, Hagihon, is extending its agreement. The contract renewal represents an important endorsement of TaKaDu’s technology and the positive impact our solution continues to have on Hagihon’s water network management.” said Udi Geismar, VP Customer Success, TaKaDu. Page 7
  • 8. Investors put cybersecurity top of the business threat list Cyber attacks are the now the biggest threat to business in the eyes of investors, mirroring growing global concern from business leaders, according to a new study by PwC. In the PwC Global Investor Survey 2018 the views of investors and analysts are compared with those of business leaders. 41% of investors and analysts are now extremely concerned about cyber threats, seeing it as the largest threat to business, rising to first from fifth place in 2017. A similar amount (40%) of business leaders see it as a top three threat, but business leaders rank over-regulation and terrorism higher in the global study. To improve trust with consumers, investors believe businesses should prioritise investment in cyber security protection (64% investors; 47% CEOs). Investors rank geopolitical uncertainty (39% extremely concerned), speed of technological change (37%), populism (33%) and protectionism (32%) in the top five threats to growth. Hilary Eastman, head of global investor engagement at PwC, said: “The top concerns of investors and CEOs emphasise the different internal and external perspectives on, and day to day experiences of, businesses. While on-the- ground challenges such as finding the right skills are high on business leaders’ agendas, investors are preoccupied with the impact that wider societal trends, such as geopolitical uncertainty, populism and protectionism, have on businesses generally.” Overall, PwC finds that both investors and CEOs are more confident about the global growth outlook than they were last year. 54% of investors (+9%) believe global economic growth will improve and 57% of CEOs (+19%). Closer to home, in both the short and long term, PwC finds that investors are more pessimistic about their investments’ revenue growth outlook than business leaders are in their own prospects. Less than a quarter (23% (2017: 23%)) are very confident about 12 month growth, compared with 42% of CEOs. Over the next three years, only one in five (20%) of investors are very confident about revenue growth, compared with 45% of business leaders. Investors report higher expected levels of disruption from technology Underlining their concerns about the outlook for growth, investors report higher expected levels of disruption from technology (85% vs 64%), customer behaviour (81% vs 68%) and distribution channels (76% vs 60%) than business leaders do. Over a quarter of investors (26%) believe artificial intelligence will have a larger impact on planned headcount reduction than last year (up 13%). Hilary Eastman added: “Investors expect disruption to have a bigger impact on business than CEOs, which might be affecting investor confidence in growth over the longer term. Effective communication between businesses and investors is key to addressing caution. If businesses can clearly demonstrate the actions they’re taking to combat investors’ concerns, they’re more likely to be able to attract long term investment.” The top five countries investors and CEOs consider important for growth (USA, China, Germany, UK and India) remain the same this year. The gap is closing however in investors’ eyes between the US and China, in contrast to the US reinforcing its lead for business leaders. In 2018, the US leads China by 13% (78% USA vs 65% China) while in 2017, it led by 23%. Brexit uncertainty likely to be impacting investors’ outlook for UK By contrast, the gap between Germany and the UK has widened with Brexit uncertainty likely to be impacting investors’ outlook. Last year the UK and Germany were preferred by 32% of investors equally; this year Germany remains a favourite for 32% of investors, in comparison with 21% for the UK. Both Germany (3) and the UK (4) retain their positions in the top five countries for growth. A significant gap has also emerged between investors’ level of concern about declining trust in business, and the scale of the challenge seen by business leaders themselves. Over a third (36%) of investors are concerned about declining levels of trust between customers and organisations vs 18% of business leaders. To build trust in the workforce, the majority of investors (60%) believe transparency on pay and benefits (60% investors; 51% CEOs), while the majority of CEOs feel the organisation’s values are most important (73% CEOs; 56% investors). Hilary Eastman commented: “Taking the investor perspective into account can give CEOs valuable external insights into where they need to focus to build confidence in their business. The survey findings suggest investors are more concerned about the risks associated with rapidly evolving technology than CEOs. Investing in cyber security, digital skills and training will be crucial for business leaders if they want investors to have confidence in their companies.” Page 8
  • 9. Shining a light on dark data The water sector has always collected large amounts of data on every aspect of their operations. But there’s a problem. All of this measuring is no longer driving the improvements in performance the sector wants to see and which Ofwat is demanding as part of PR19. The crux of the sector’s struggle to use data for decision-making is that water companies’ internal reporting doesn’t provide a clear analysis of what is causing the problems. Nor do they indicate what action should be taken to ensure it doesn’t happen in the future. This means managers don’t have the insights they need to make the business decisions they want to. It sounds so easy - use data to deliver business insights, management information and, ultimately, a better understanding of how your organisation is running. There are plenty of technology providers in the market who offer these silver-bullet solutions. But there’s more to this than meets the eye. You already have what you need In short, the answer is often hiding deep in the data that you already possess. “Dark Data” is the information companies’ hold which was collected for one reason but can be used in a different way to derive new value. We have found our clients always have a hunch or a hypothesis as to why, for example, leakage remains stubbornly high. Or why sewers keep flooding in a particular area. But the facts to backup those hunches, or manage the resources needed to fix the issues, are hard to pin down. Yet the good news is that the data is there. It just needs to be accessed and combined in a different way to uncover those performance enhancing insights. How to do this requires some consideration: 1. Ask the right question. You need to ask the right question of your data. Like any oracle, Dark Data will only reveal what you ask of it. Getting that question right, and in line with new performance objectives is possibly more complicated than you might think. 2. Ensure actions are only taken based on the evidence, not gut instinct. Use the abundant data you already have access to derive the insights you need to be able to make evidence based decisions. 3. Industrialise the solution to produce a Line of Sight. Taking these insights as a starting point, change your reporting from interesting things to know to those few key metrics which really enable you to drive value within your organisation. These tips cover the fundamentals of a methodology to help organisations become more data driven and to gain evidence based insights into how to improve performance. At the moment, water companies don’t necessarily need additional resources or technologies. What they need is to leverage the data they already hold by asking the right questions and applying the right methodology. Given the more rigorous performance requirements placed on companies by PR19, it’s vital they seize the opportunity Dark Data offers to help them succeed in this more demanding environment. i2O Invests In Manufacturing Its Own Advanced Pilot Valves i2O, the smart water network solutions company, recently announced that it has added a new production line for manufacturing its patent protected Advanced Pilot Valves (APVs) at its state-of-the-art production facility in Woolston, Southampton. The APVs were previously made by a sub-contractor. However i2O has taken the decision to manufacture the valves itself and invest in a new assembly line. Switching APV production in-house will provide greater control over quality , improve product development and allow refurbishment of existing units. The move also enables i2O to reduce the cost and pass these savings onto clients. i2O’s APVs are a crucial part of smart water networks. i2O is the only company using a dedicated pilot valve designed to continuously adjust pressure rather than actuating a pilot valve designed for occasional manual adjustment. This allows water utilities to control pressure more precisely and smoothly. It can be remotely controlled or fully automatic or a combination of the two, programmed in advance. Joel Hagan, CEO of i2O, comments: “Our Advanced Pilot Valves provide incredibly precise control for changing PRV pressure regularly, improving the ability for water utilities to deliver non-revenue water and drought mitigation initiatives. Bringing the assembly in-house will help us improve quality and reduce production costs. We will pass these cost improvements onto clients to accelerate the deployment of our smart water network solutions around the world.” Page 9
  • 10. ABB launched their newest flow meter offering to the UK market this month in the form of the newest version of their battery powered electro-magnetic flow meter, the Aquamaster 4. Designed mainly for District Metering Areas the Aquamaster has been launched with a host of new features for the digital water industry with product features such as insitu diagnostics, self-checking capabilities, high and low flow rate alarms and backwards compatibility with the Aquamaster range of flow meters. The flow meter has multiple power options including mains power, solar & wind power but one of the things that is probably the most impressive is a battery life of up to 10 years which is a huge leap in previous capabilities. Keeping in touch with developments in modern technology the device works via secure near field communication and with a simple touch of an authorised mobile phone the device can be programmed, charts and data can be retrieved and firmware easily updated. In other news ABB has also released its new calibration platform the SRV500. The next generation verification tool suite for use with ABB’s complete range of active electronic flow meters. Download the software for free and use the instrument-specific test routine to provide the best possible check of product health, without stopping your process. SRV500 verifies the condition and performance of the flow meter under test. With the licensed software version, test reports can be generated and stored locally for further analysis. SRV500 also analyses the product internal diagnostics and compares the results with historical measurements. Building on ABB’s fingerprint philosophy, each flow meter is verification tested before shipping from the factory. SRV500 enables the operator to choose whether to use either the factory fingerprint or to create a new fingerprint based on real site conditions after product commissioning. All verifications performed in the field can then be compared with the fingerprint data and previous tests to ensure flow meter performance has not degraded. ABB launch the new Aquamaster 4 High-tech water supply facility turns waste water into drinking water at UN Camp Mali In the middle of the desert, the water supply facility at the military camp of the United Nation’s Peace Mission has successfully been converted to turn wastewater directly into drinking water. The camp reduced its groundwater use by 65 percent. The com- pact water treatment plant has been built by the Dutch sustainable technology com- pany The MasterMind and is equipped with an online BACTcontrol sensor made by microLAN. Under harsh circumstances with temperatures upto 50o C, sand dust everywhere and ongoing military operations, water engineer Han Wissink of the MasterMind Com- pany managed to upgrade the existing water supply installation of the UN military camp into a high-tech water cycle facility that produces drinking water directly from the camp’s waste water. Of all the camp’s daily water use now only 35 percent is ab- stracted groundwater, which is a reduction of 65 percent compared to the previous situation. If it were up to Wissink, it would be down to 25 percent. At the request of the Dutch Ministry of Defence, Wissink spent two years at the camp to rebuild the existing water supply facility into the current high-tech water cycle plant. The MasterMind company owns the installation and is paid by the Dutch Ministry of Defence for the treated cubic meters of water supply. Online monitoring One of the key components to enable this direct reuse, is the sophisticated online monitoring, including the detection of coliform bacteria. An online MicroLAN BACTcontrol sensor detects the microbiological activity in the water and produces a measurement result within one to two hours. This fast analysis prevents that large amounts of treated water must be stored first, awaiting a laboratory analysis, which can take up to three days. For the installation in Mali, it was the ‘missing link’ since in the case of potential contamination, the drinking water supply can now be stopped almost immediately. Without this online monitoring, water samples would have to be analysed in a laboratory, or on-site using 24 hour field tests. The BACTcontrol sensor is part of a process monitoring system designed and built by Qsenz. The entire system is mounted on panels made in the Netherlands and then only had to be connected to the power and water supply lines in the camp. Page 10
  • 11. Digital flow meters to help civic body control wastage of water in Surat In a step forward to becoming a smart and water efficient city, the Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) has installed digitally-enabled flow meters for tracking, measuring and optimizing the water consumption on real-time basis. The municipal corporation has partnered with ABB India for installation of 240 digitally-enabled flow meters, mainly in Pandesara area, which houses numerous textile mills and other locations such as engineering college, hospitals and hotels. ABB India is enabling the digitalization of entire water management system of the Diamond City with its GSM (global system for mobile communications) enabled AquaMaster flow meters solution to measure water consumption in real-time. The next level technology will help SMC to study consumption patterns and explore areas of improvement for better water management, moving Surat ahead in its journey to becoming a Smart City. “Digitally monitoring the consumption of a critical resource like water will help in more equitable distribution and optimize water management for the benefit of population of the city,” managing director of ABB India Sanjeev Sharma said. The digital flow meters are installed in the inlet pipes of municipal water lines, enabling automatic meter reading (AMR) that measures water flow and send precise readings to the corporation’s central control centre through GSM connection in real-time, eliminating the burden of manual data collection and reducing error in readings. The data collected will provide computer-generated monthly and quarterly reports on the consumption patterns. At present, the textile mills in the city consume over 50% of water supplied by SMC, while the remaining amount is consumed by households and other commercial establishments in the city. However, going forward, the corporation will be able to use the detailed information on the timings of the usage and peak hours of usage to optimize water management,” a senior officer in SMC said. Endress + Hauser launch the Picomag In industrial process measurement and automation, demand is steadily rising for simple, reliable and maintenance-free instruments in a pocket-sized format. The new Picomag fulfils such requirements, making no compromise. Not only does it measure the flow of conductive fluids, but also their temperature. Picomag offers easy commissioning with Bluetooth using its SmartBlue App, as well as seamless system integration thanks to IO-Link technology. This makes Picomag ready for Industry 4.0. The benefits of the Picomag are • Reliable measuring and monitoring of industrial water, cooling water or warm water • Simultaneous measurement of flow and temperature • Time-saving device configuration even in difficult to reach places thanks to Bluetooth connectivity • Wireless and secure access to all device data by use of the intuitive SmartBlue App via Bluetooth • Flexible integration into all established fieldbus systems via IO-Link • User-friendly, auto-rotatable display, i.e. with automatic adjustment to mounting position Due to its compact design, Picomag can be installed into any pipe up to 50 millimetres (2”) in diameter, even in confined spaces. There are various process connections available, such as NPT-thread, R-thread, internal thread, Tri-Clamp or Victaulic. Picomag is a cost-optimized solution for applications where the focus is on high repeatability (±0.2% o.f.s.) and thus reliable measured values – e.g. for correctly measuring water flows or for minimizing energy costs in utility applications. The large, user-friendly display allows a quick reading of flow, temperature and totalizer values. Errors occurring during operations, e.g. a partial pipe filling or an exceeded temperature limit, are displayed via diagnostic symbols in accordance with NAMUR recommendation NE 107. For optimal readability, the screen rotates automatically depending on the installation position. And last but not least, configuration parameters can be called up and monitored by simply knocking on the device. With Bluetooth connection, it is possible to carry out wireless configuration or data retrieval over a distance of 10 meters – even at installation sites which are difficult to access. The free-of-charge SmartBlue App from Endress+Hauser provides the user with quick and easy navigation through all device and diagnostic functions. The SmartBlue App is available for Android and iOS. Another highlight is the digital data transmission to process control systems via IO-Link technology. This communication standard can be combined with all conventional fieldbus systems, thus offering maximum flexibility of installation into existing infrastructures. The IO-Link master allows comprehensive data access through the control room. Other advantages include the automatic transfer of parameters after a device replacement as well as low wiring effort as compared to conventional wiring. Page 11
  • 12. Article: The journey towards smart water networks II Last month I presented a discussion on the journey towards smart water networks. This month I will show some real life data and discuss some of the possibilities it opens up. The MetriNet system from ATi is made up of small smart monitors, (M-Nodes), flow cells, data collection and data transmission components. The system delivers high quantities of high quality data either direct to the customer SCADA system or to a cloud platform. Once that data is there it is processed and analysed. The MetriNet was developed in response to a need from the water industry for monitors that could deliver reliable high quality water quality infor- mation from anywhere in a distribution network for the treatment works to the customer tap. There are MetriNet installations on service reservoirs, pumping stations, valves, meter chamber and hydrants. ATi is “agnostic” in the choice of data transmission, data collection and the analysis platform. This approach is vital if smart technology is to be embraced. Most water companies will have incumbent providers and any sensor manufacturer must be prepared to leave their ego at the door to deliver a true end to end solution to the customer. A real case study is presented below. Using chlorine monitors for model calibration and decay calculations Background MetriNet systems with chlorine M-Nodes are installed at multiple location in a water distribution system. The installations locations are a mixture of meter chambers and PRV chambers at the inlet to a DMA, hydrant chambers inside the DMA, service reservoirs and pumping stations. The chlorine data from the inlet locations feeding the DMA’s has structure, peaks, troughs and a general profile. The structure in the chlorine data is retained as the water moves through the system. Figure 2: Chlorine data from entry points to 4 DMA’s Figure 1: Typical hydrant and PRV chamber installation Page 12
  • 13. Discussion The trends are identical and the time between peaks on the “chlorine profile” can be used to time the movement of the water through the system. The chlorine decay properties are also measured. Location Peak Value ppm Time of peak Time difference hh:mm 2390 0.97 23:52 00:00 2590 0.93 00:22 00:30 2690 0.85 01:13 00:51 4701 0.73 03:41 02:28 Use of the time based information and the decay information enables: 1. Calculation of accurate wall decay factors for the different parts of the system between the measuring points 2. Calibration of the hydraulic models 3. Use of the chlorine of the chlorine monitors as to check on existing flow meters 4. Future possibilities If MetriNet systems were permanently deployed in sufficient density and the appropriate software was written it would be possible to: 1. Calculate the wall decay regularly and monitor the change in the wall decay as a indicator of pipe condition. 2. Use chlorine flow profile information to calculate real time water age. 3. Use chlorine peak to peak times to calculate velocity, comparison with velocity from flow meters would also yield information about flow meter accuracy and/or pipe condition. 4. Use real chlorine values from the network as a feed back to the WTW to optimize dosing. 5. Identify poor turnover areas and dead spots. 6. Compare the performance of different pipe materials. 7. Use AI to make predictions of chlorine issues. Summary Everything needed to make those steps towards smart water networks is available and possible now; smart water networks are within reach. The case study above is simple, if machine learning were applied or if AI could be used to analyse data in real time the possibilities are endless. What are we waiting for? About the Author Michael Strahand has 25 years experience in building businesses that operate in the water industry, in both the clean and the wastewater treatment market. He is a PhD chemist who has the ability to apply that knowledge to solving process application problems. He has helped thousands of people in hundred of companies to optimise their processes working at all stages of the business from design, manufacture and application of on line instrumentation to the monitoring and control of processes, especially water processes. Through in depth knowledge and application of that knowledge he has earned the nickname Doctor Chlorine from both his customers and peers. He specializes in applying my in depth knowledge of chemistry to the application of sensors to the monitoring and control of water treatment and waste water treatment processes and building sales organisation businesses based on this. Page 13
  • 14. Introduction – A history of the treatment works at Cookstown The Wastewater Treatment works at Cookstown in Northern Ireland is a treatment works that has a long and extensive history. It was originally commissioned in 1965 by the district’s local authority. Situated on the edge of the highly-respected Ballinderry River, the original works was designed to cater for an equivalent population of 11,500. Within a relatively short period of the old works being commissioned (and following the establishment of Water Service in 1973), it became apparent that the systems installed - although modern in their day - were not going to be able to deal effectively with the sewage from the town as well as the surge in volume of effluent being produced from the area’s rapidly expanding pork industry. The trade effluent was extremely high in strength due to the quantities of blood and fat associated with pig processing and was subsequently putting unprecedented pressure on the works. By the 1980s Cookstown’s population had increased beyond 24,000, and while the existing works had been extended to cope with the growing domestic and trade pressures, it was clear by the mid 1990s the sewage plant was operating well beyond its initial capacity. In addition, many of the tanks required unpleasant and labour - intensive operational procedures to maintain them; whilst other items of plant, such as the detritor. had become ineffective. Operational problems, such as blockages, were also frequently encountered. Despite the processes being well maintained, the fact remained that the works was substantially overloaded both hydraulically and biologically. As a result, the works had failed on a number of occasions to meet consent standards which meant that fines by the EC were imminent. During the 1990s, extensive studies were carried out in relation to the building of a new sewage treatment works in Cookstown. The planning authority ruled out the existing site for a bigger works on the grounds that it was too close to housing and that any development of the site would inhibit further residential expansion in that area of the town. Overall a total of seven sites were considered for the location of the new works with Environmental Impact Assessments drawn up for each option. An extensive public consultation exercise was undertaken to present the various sites to key stakeholders but all options were deemed unacceptable. Having exhausted all avenues, Water Service’s designers went back to looking in greater detail at ways in which they could overcome the constraints posed by the existing works site. The main problem with the site surrounded the restricted footprint that was available for introducing new infrastructure. However research showed that by utilising more modern treatment processes, Water Service would be able to incorporate a new higher capacity works within a much smaller area. From an environmental point of view, we knew that careful planting and screening of the new works would overcome any visual objections and that by introducing robust odour control systems, the tightest of standards would be satisfied. With this option offering the most economically advantageous option, Water Service proceeded with a design to replace the existing Cookstown WwTW with a modern new plant on the same site. Five alternative treatment processes were economically and practically appraised for their construction within the confines of the existing works site. The most suitable option deemed for the new Cookstown Works was a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) process- a compact footprint plant which did not require a separate secondary settlement stage (an element that would take up additional valuable space on site). Case Study: Optimisation of a SBR using Enhanced Control Figure 1: Cookstown WwTW Page 14
  • 15. Also, because the SBR process could be integrated into the existing works and operate without a short-term requirement for primary treatment, it eliminated the need for the provision of a significant temporary treatment plant In terms of whole life costs, the SBR option proved to be the most economically viable solution to produce high quality effluent. Working within the confines of the existing site footprint, coupled with the need to keep the existing works live was probably the biggest challenge that faced the construction team. Logistically the storing of materials also proved to be a significant problem and while ‘just time’ deliveries were scheduled as far as possible to maximize space, NI Water were keen to reuse as much of the excavated spoil as possible. To enable this to happen, stockpiles of rock and indigenous landscaping were created in the area just above the works itself. Much of this existing material was used during phase one of the construction programme (building of the SBR tanks and the inlet works) when much of the river improvement work was also undertaken. River improvements Prior to construction work getting underway, NI Water’s Engineering & Procurement team, set up a special river improvement workshop to offer a common platform for all those with an interest in the river to come together to discuss their concerns and put forward ideas for enhancing the river quality and its long-term protection. During the initial workshop, NI Water highlighted how the design of the works had been developed with cognisance of the adjacent Ballinderry River. To improve the conditions in the river and protect it from construction work in the short term, NI Water took the decision to carry out ancillary upgrades to the existing plant to temporarily raise the quality of the treatment process until the new works was brought on line and compiled with current discharge consents. The first meeting proved a most valuable exercise and from the outset of the scheme, provided a crucial stepping stone to building strategic links with some key project stakeholders. The knowledge gleaned from the Ballinderry River Enhancement Association (BREA) was fundamental in introducing the most effective river improvement methods to ensure minimal disturbance to the existing fish or invertebrate life. To the delight of the NI Water team, their joint venture contractors for the new works wholeheartedly bought into the idea of improving the river. Ahead of construction, all river banks were strengthened to prevent future erosion and a total of six weirs and groynes lying above and below the works were repaired using indigenous stone. A boom downstream of the works was introduced so that any silt or debris from the working site was caught and removed and a number of gravel spawning beds were introduced at agreed locations for the migrating fish such as salmon and dollaghan. The timing of the works was also taken into account with all construction work in the river undertaken to coincide with the migration of fish. Moving forward to today – Advanced ASP Control More recently the works at Cookstown was struggling to hydraulically treat all of the flows that it was receiving from the network with the storm tanks regularly filling as the sequencing batch reactor cycles were proving to be insufficient to complete treatment before flows were fully treated as such flows passing to storm tanks. In order to resolve this situation a solution was sought to improve the works control using an advanced activated sludge control system from Strathkelvin Instruments, the ASP-CON. The ASP-CON is a multi-parameter Activated Sludge Plant controller that is designed to measure up to 20 key Activated Sludge Plant parameters that are used to control the Activated Sludge Process. At its heart it is a respirometer that measures the Oxygen Utilisation rate and the health of the ASP process but the multiple measurement techniques that utilises allows a greater degree of control of the process (figure 2) The ASP-Con system measures basic parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonia, MLSS, pH & Temperature as well as additional basic parameters such as Potassium, Conductivity, Settlement and TSS – Predicted as well as Advanced WwTW Control Parameters such as OUR and SOUR,. With these parameters fed to PLC there is a complete control of the ASP system. This unique access to all of the WWTP information allows the Operational Teams to decide how to deploy scarce operational resource. The in-situ eliminates the need for Operators to go out on plant and grab MLSS ASP-Con (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid) and settlement samples. Depending on site size and layout this can save up to 2 hours of valuable time and ensuring consistent sampling techniques and measurement practises. If an issue occurs the ASP-Con can be programmed to grab another sample or programmed to collect samples more frequently, regardless of the time of day, day of the week, holiday schedule and regardless of adverse weather conditions. The samples are then tested in-situ – so avoiding the requirement to send off to the lab and wait a week on results, not knowing how well samples are stored and for how long before a lab technician is free to test any particular sample – results are Real-Time. The ASP-Con will also cut down the requirement of operator time for routine cleaning of ASP-Con probes. All the probes are on one instrument, that runs through a cleaning and calibration programme as dictated by the Operations Team. Cleaning is built-in to the normal operating procedures of the instrument. This also can be altered if and when required, by the Site Team. The demand on an Operator’s time for Maintenance of numerous probes on a site is huge. The fouling and ragging of “old generation” probes is a significant health and safety issue. The sheer physical requirement at times, to lift some probes out of the treatment plant due to excessive ragging should not be under-estimated. In contrast, the ASP-Con’s Self-Cleaning regime eliminates ragging completely. The regular cleaning regime automatically implemented significantly reduces fouling, improving accuracy reliability and repeatability of measures. Also health & safety risks to Operators in cold, wet and lone working conditions are significantly reduced. Figure 2: ASP-CON System Page 15
  • 16. About the Author Michael Dooley is a chartered Mechanical Engineer with 24 years experience in Process Equipment Design, Operation and maintenance. He has been Managing Director and part owner of Strathkelvin Instruments Limited and is considered one of the foremost experts in Biological Wastewater treatment in the UK and Ireland. He regularly consults for companies such as Calachem, Northern Ireland Water, Veolia, Scottish Water and many others. He specialises in reducing aeration energy costs of wastewater treatment. Strathkelvin Instruments was founded in 1981, to develop instruments based upon precision dissolved oxygen measurement, for use in the biomedical research field. This remains a significant part of the company’s instrumentation range. What this means at the wastewater treatment works at Cookstown was that the completion of the sequencing batch reactor cycles could be more accurately managed by using the ASP-Con system to measure when the Biodegradable load (by measuring Oxygen Uptake Rate – OUR and Ammonium) is completely removed during each aeration cycle. Once this has been confirmed as complete the ASP-Con system takes a sample to measure the MLSS and then the SVI in each basin. The SBR control software for the basin is then stepped on to complete the settle and decant phases before being allowed to idle until the level in the Anoxic basin requires the fill/aerate cycle to restart. The SBR basins were optimised by • Ensuring biodegradable load is completely removed during each aeration cycle. • Avoiding excessive energy consumption by avoiding overtreatment of wastewaters. • Maximising hydraulic throughput by maximising treatment basin availability. • Monitoring biological measures of performance to avoid long term issues. This can be seen in figure 3: What this meant, from a hydraulic point of view, was that the number of SBR cycles could be increased by decreasing the SBR cycle time so that 12 fixed volume cycles could be treated each week. This increased the hydraulic throughput in the plant by 50% ensuring that spills to the storm tanks could be limited to genuine storm events and not due to hydraulic overload of the treatment process. However, this was not the only benefit of the ASP-CON system at Cookstown as the plant worked on the principle of a Surge Anoxic Mix SBR. This has meant a large decrease in the amount of energy that is required to treat the wastewater to standard as can be seen in figure 4 Over a one month period there was a 50% reduction in the amount of energy that was consumed by the treatment process. All of these benefits also result in an increased stability of the treatment process which means overall the treatment works is more stable. Conclusions By utilising advanced monitoring and control using the ASP-CON system at Cookstown WwTW there has been a large improvement in environmental quality by increasing the hydraulic capacity of the works and decreasing the energy consumption. This is a double benefit that the water industry is seeking insofar more is being achieved, quite literally for less. This sort of system is usually reserved for larger works where there is a larger potential for savings. However Cookstown WwTW at a relatively small design population of 24,000 shows that advanced control systems are available on treatment works a lot smaller than has been traditionally considered for advanced ASP control systems. In a time where the water industry is looking to deliver more for less the ASP-CON system gives the industry a potential solution to realise the efficiencies that it needs to through instrumentation and control. Figure 3: Cookstown unoptmised (left) and optimised (right) Figure 4: Energy Savings at Cookstown utilising the ASP-CON System Page 16
  • 17. April 2018 Sensors for Water & Wastewater Maintenance 18th April 2018 Manchester, UK Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group Smart Water Systems 25th-26th April 2018 London, UK Hosted by SMi Group Advances in Process Analytics & Control Technology 25th-27th April 2018 Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Hosted by Royal Society of Chemistry May 2018 Condition Based Monitoring 9th May 2018 Manufacturing Technology Centre, Coventry, UK Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group Digital Utilities Europe 16th - 17th May 2018 Amsterdam, Netherlands Hosted by the Active Communications International SWAN 2018 21st-22nd May 2018 Barcelona, Spain Hosted by Smart Water Networks Forum June 2018 Sensor & Data Driven Technologies for future water networks 6th June 2018 Hebden Bridge, UK Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group July 2018 State of the Art of Wastewater Monitoring 4th July 2018 ABB Stonehouse, UK Hosted by the Sensors for Water Interest Group November 2018 Water, Wastewater & Environmental Monitoring 21st-22nd November 2018 Telford, UK Hosted by International Labmate Page 17 Conferences, Events, Seminars & Studies Conferences, Seminars & Events Conferences Coming Soon Maintenance of Sensors in Water & Wastewater Environments Where: Museum of Science & Industry, Manchester When: 18th April 2018 Process instrumentation is becoming more critical as water and waste water companies drive for automation, efficiency and control in a highly regulated sector. The introduction of innovative new process solutions, advances in process control and the realisation of big data analytics places more importance on the quality of data from instruments. A move towards remote decision making in today’s connected environment means we need ensure confidence in data. For many analytical instruments the OPEX costs associated with keeping sensors operational far outweigh the purchase price over the sensor life. End users are now making decisions based on the whole life cost (TOTEX) of sensor systems taking frequency of visits, chemical consumption and general maintainability of sensors rather than the purchase price. The event will break focus on three areas: • Instrument design – Designing for reliability, availability and maintainability • Service models – How the supply chain can add value • End users – How can we ensure trust in data Smart Water Systems Where: Kensington, London When: 25th -26th April 2018 A smart water system is designed to gather meaningful and actionable data about the flow, pressure and distribution of an area’s water supply and waste. Furthermore, it is critical that the consumption and forecasting of water use is accurate, readable and manageable. That is why Smart Water Systems 2018 will look at topic areas such as the best solutions for monitoring and metering; understandings of customer expectations using behavioural science and data - collection tools; handling of ‘big’ data ; and the operational strategies of UK and international utility companies that are already advancing with smart network technologies and strategies. Water systems are a critical component of our broader utility management system in our increasingly technologically advanced society. Once water facilities are optimized and designed to gather meaningful and actionable data, industry leaders can make better and faster decisions about their operations, which can result in up to 30 percent energy savings and up to 15 percent reduction of water losses. This conference will witness a vast- breadth of experience in the smart world from the advanced systems of Thames Water’s efficiency programme though to Water-Link’s proactive flooding detection and many more examples from across Europe
  • 18. The 8th International Conference and Exhibition on water, wastewater and environmental monitoring WWEM2018 Supporting Trade Associations Network with Water Industry Experts... 21st - 22nd November Over 100 FREE workshops, over 140 Exhibitors and a focussed Conference. WWEM is the specialist event for monitoring, testing and analysis of water, wastewater and environmental samples. wwem.uk.com Tel: +44 (0)1727 858840 email: info@wwem.uk.com Follow us: @WWEM_Exhibition Visitors to WWEM will als o have FREE admission to the AQE Show WWEM 2018 Advert.indd 1 29/01/2018 16:50 Page 18