This document discusses making urban districts climate positive using the example of Stockholm Royal Seaport (SRS). It outlines the climate positive process developed by Climate Positive Development Program and implemented in SRS, San Francisco, and Pedra Branca. The process establishes a baseline of emissions, tracks reductions and credits. SRS emissions were calculated based on data for residential buildings, though initial results did not achieve climate positive status. Roadmapping actions to reach this goal include energy efficiency, fuel switching, and behavioral changes. Credits may also be obtained through infrastructure and decisions reducing surrounding city emissions. The climate positive goal and transparency of this process allows comparisons and identifies solutions.

1. Beyond Climate Neutral
Climate Positive Urban
Districts and the
Stockholm Royal Seaport
(SRS) as an Example
Stefan Johansson
PhD Candidate, Division of Industrial Ecology (IE), KTH, Stockholm

2. Presentation topics
• The process to climate positive and IE’s work together with CCI
and the City
• How to account emissions – scopes & boundaries
• Some preliminary results on the road towards climate positive
• How can a very ambitious target such as climate positive play a
role in a climate neutral city or district?

3. The climate positive process (1/2)
• The process has been developed using CCI’s climate positive
development program
• It has then been refined by IE into two instruction documents
and one Excel tool regarding:
- How to compile a baseline of emissions according to CCI’s
specifications
- How to track emissions, emission reductions and credits
• Is being implemented in Stockholm (SWE), San Francisco (US)
and Pedra Branca (BRA)

4. The climate positive process (2/2)

5. CCI in practice
• Focuses on low energy use, a high degree of renewables, local
energy generation AND a system of credits (if necessary)
• A very local urban district focus with three main emission
categories; energy, transportation and waste
• Allows for technology and policy actions that reduce emissions
in the surrounding areas called credits
• Emission reductions through flexible Kyoto mechanisms such as
CDM, JI and ETS are not allowed

6. CCI’s scopes & boundaries (1/3)
Target A climate positive urban district where GHG emissions are
< 0 once the entire urban district is complete
Unit of measure Ton CO2e/capita, year
49 000 person (19 000 residents & 30 000 workers)
System boundaries
- Geographical SRS’s geographical area (*transportation an exception)
- Activity Direct emissions from energy use stemming from
activities within SRS’s geographical area
- Temporal Annual emissions once the entire area is built
- Life cycle (LCA) LCA emissions from fuels and energy carriers

7. CCI’s scopes & boundaries (2/3)
Primary emission categories
- Energy Heating/Cooling
Electricity (building & household/commercial)
Emission reductions from local energy generation
(solar pv, biogas)
Infrastructure
Water
- Transportation 40% of all trips starting or ending in SRS
Residents (private trips & commuting)
Workers (commuting & business trips)
Goods & services
- Waste Collection & treatment

8. CCI’s scopes & boundaries (3/3)
Excluded emissions
Excluded due to geography Services that is common for a normal person living in
Stockholm
- Hospitals
- Libraries
- Municipal government
- Sports and recreational centres
- Long distance travel
Excluded due to time - Construction emissions
Excluded due to the - Consumption of goods and food
methodology itself

9. Basic principle for GHG accounting
Activity x Emission factor = Emissions
Common activities Corresponding emission factor(s)
Heating [kWh/year] g CO2e/kWh of district heating
PKM by biogas car [PKM/year] g CO2e/PKM of biogas car

10. An example of calculating emissions
using data from the SRS baseline
(1/2)
Residential buildings in SRS Data value & unit
District heating* 42.5 kWh/m2, year
Hot water* 25 kWh/m2, year
Building electricity* 15 kWh/m2, year
Household electricity 30 kWh/m2, year
District heating emission factor 99.46 g CO2e/kWh
Nordic electricity emission factor 74.76 g CO2e/kWh
Total residential area built 1,143,400 m2
*Included in energy requirements regarding building energy efficiency

11. An example of calculating emissions
using data from the SRS baseline
(2/2)
District heating energy use:
1,143,400 m2 * 42.5 kWh/m2, year = 48,594,500 kWh/year
Emissions from district heating:
48,594,500 kWh/year * 99.46 g CO2e/kWh = 4,833 ton CO2e/year
Emissions [Ton CO2e/year]
District heating 4,833
Hot water 2,843
Building electricity 1,282
Household electricity 2,564
Annual residential building emissions 11,522

12. SRS baseline emissions

13. So far not climate positive  time for
road mapping
• Three basic types of road mapping actions:
1. Energy efficiency – For example more energy
efficient buildings. The fuel or energy carrier
however stays the same

14. So far not climate positive  time for
road mapping
• Three basic types of road mapping actions:
1. Energy efficiency – For example more energy
efficient buildings. The fuel or energy carrier
however stays the same
2. Fuel switching – Switching from Nordic electricity to
electricity generated by wind power. The amount of
energy used is however the same

15. So far not climate positive  time for
road mapping
• Three basic types of road mapping actions:
1. Energy efficiency – For example more energy
efficient buildings. The fuel or energy carrier
however stays the same
2. Fuel switching – Switching from Nordic electricity to
electricity generated by wind power. The amount of
energy used is however the same
3. Behavior change – Actions that focuses on either
energy efficiency or fuel switching through
behavioral change

16. Some preliminary examples of
possible roadmapping actions
Energy Road mapping Actions
Buildings
Energy efficient buildings – 55 Energy efficient buildings – 45
kWh/m2, year kWh/m2, year
Solar PV cells – 30 % of building Solar PV cells – 80% of building
electricity electricity
Local Energy Production
Reduced energy use to clean and Reduced energy use to clean and
distribute water distribute water
Biogas production (sewage) – Biogas production (sewage) – Loudden
Henriksdal
Biogas production (food waste) – Biogas production (food waste) –
Henriksdal Loudden
Biogas production (cruise ships) –
Loudden
Remaining biogas (sewage) -
Henriksdal

17. Visual representation of the process
Baseline and Road map example
35000
30000
25000
Infrastructure
20000 Waste
Water
15000
Transportation
10000 Building Energy
Energy Production
5000
0
Baseline After Energy After Fuel- After Credits
-5000 Efficiency Switching

18. Roadmapping so far
• So far SRS has reduced annual per capita emissions
from roughly 0.55 ton CO2e/cap, year
• Down towards 0.3 to 0.2 ton CO2e/cap, year

19. Still not climate positive  credits?
• Credits aim to increase local collaboration between
the urban district and the surrounding city by
reducing the city’s emissions either through:
1. Physical infrastructure such as energy,
transportation and waste

20. Still not climate positive  credits?
• Credits aim to increase local collaboration between
the urban district and the surrounding city by
reducing the city’s emissions either through:
1. Physical infrastructure such as energy,
transportation and waste
2. Decisions made through the process of the urban
district

21. Why use a method such as CCI’s?
• Compared to many of the other tools Nils showed CCI
has an extremely ambitious and explicit goal –
climate positive

22. Why use a method such as CCI’s?
• Compared to many of the other tools Nils showed CCI
has an extremely ambitious and explicit goal –
climate positive
• Transparency is the key, otherwise comparisons
between other urban districts are impossible and
valuable experiences and solutions are lost

23. Why use a method such as CCI’s?
• Compared to many of the other tools Nils showed CCI
has an extremely ambitious and explicit goal –
climate positive
• Transparency is the key, otherwise comparisons
between other urban districts are impossible and
valuable experiences and solutions are lost
• The process of baseline, roadmap and credits offer a
wide variety of different kinds of solutions and also
offers the urban district to test how far different
actions will get them

24. Thank you!
Questions?
Contact info: sjindeco@kth.se