How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
Research, Education, and Outreach Efforts on Critical Lake Erie Issues
1. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Ohio Sea Grant and Stone Lab’s
Research, Education, and Outreach
Efforts on Critical Lake Erie Issues
Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter, Director
Lake Erie LaMP Public Forum, LaSalle, Michigan
12 March 2010
Jeffrey M. Reutter, Director
2. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Most Important Lake In the World?
• “Its our lake. I see it every day. It can’t be the most
important lake in the world.”
• Dead lake image of 60s and 70s.
• Poster child for pollution problems in this country.
• But, most heavily utilized of any of the Great Lakes.
• Shared by 4 states and 2 countries.
• Best example of ecosystem recovery in world.
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3. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Blue-green Algae Bloom
circa 1970, Lake Erie
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4. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
“I heard Lake Erie is the
place fish go to die.”
--Johnny Carson, 1976
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5. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Today’s Talk
• Who we are
• What we do
• Some current research, education, and outreach
efforts
• Lake Erie 101
• Lake Erie’s most important issues
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6. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Ohio Sea Grant College Program
1895—F.T. Stone Laboratory
1970—Center for Lake Erie Area Research
(CLEAR)
1978—Ohio Sea Grant College Program
1992—Great Lakes Aquatic Ecosystem
Research Consortium (GLAERC)
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7. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
General Sea Grant
•Part of National Sea Grant •Focus on 3 E’s:
Collge Program in NOAA + Environment
•32 programs every coastal + Economy
state + Education
•Partnership of: •Accomplish through:
+ Government + Research
+ Academia + Education
+ Private Sector + Outreach
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8. Stone Laboratory: OhioGrant College Program
Ohio Sea State’s Island Campus
What is Stone Lab?
• Oldest freshwater
field station in the
nation, and
• Ohio’s Lake Erie Lab
since 1895
• Island campus of OSU
on Gibraltar Island,
Lake Erie
• Research, education,
and outreach
laboratory
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• A whole lot of fun!
9. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Program Goals and Objectives:
• Improve science education, link research scientists
and managers, improve management decisions,
facilitate the development of collaborative research
projects to address management needs, enhance
public understanding of Great Lakes issues.
• Solve problems, prevent them from happening,
minimize their impact, protect human health, and
maximize the value of Lake Erie.
• Support the LaMP and the CSMI.
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10. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Institutional Setting
E. Gordon Gee
President
Carol Whitacre Bobby D. Moser
Senior Vice President Vice President for Agricultural
For Research Administration and University Outreach
Jeffrey M. Reutter
Director, Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Center for Lake Erie Great Lakes Aquatic
Area Research Ecosystem Research Consortium F.T. Stone Laboratory
(CLEAR) (GLAERC)
Columbus Office
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11. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Accomplishments-1
• SG—Over 420 projects, 450 grad students, 250+
investigators, 19 colleges and univ.
• 18 endowments at Stone Lab
• FOSL--Supported over 1000 scholarships and
REUs at Stone Lab since 1983
• Over 100,000 students of all ages at Stone Lab
since 1990
• 225 partnerships including Lake Erie Partnership
• Lake Erie Literacy Principles
• Participated in rebirth of Lake Erie
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12. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Accomplishments-2
• Outreach--11.7 million hits/year on website
• Over 300 articles/year about our work in media
• 12 Ohio Sea Grant communication and extension
specialists
+ Artificial Reefs—10 including 3 from old Cleve Municipal Stadium
+ State Legislature/Congressional Day—since 1982
+ Clean Marina Program—shrink wrap (1 million lbs.)—5 more states
+ Mentor Lagoons and Big Island Wetland
+ Tourism—marketing Lake Erie
• Walleye capital of the World
• Top 10 fishing spots in world
• Coastal property values and turbidity
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• Shipwrecks and scuba diving
• Lake Erie Discussion Bd—80,000 hits/month
13. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Current Work—1
• Leadership for LEMN, GLRRIN, CGLRM
• Some current research projects
+ Sonication to remove PAH’s from sediment
+ Ecological impact of nanoparticles
+ Economic impact of birding
+ Leveraging natural amenities for sustainable development
+ Development of a high-resolution nearshore model for LE
+ New molecular test for active VHS infection in fish
+ Environmental tolerance of type A influenza virus isolated from
waterfowl
+ Role of sediment in controlling the fate and toxicity of microcystin
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14. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Current Work—2
• Understanding P and N limitation
• Phosphonate utilization by algae
• P, Microcystis, and sediment in NW Ohio, Maumee and
Sandusky Rivers, and W to E Basins—4 projects
(GLNPO, LEPF, Sea Grant, GLPF)
• Agriculture impacts on P loading—3 projects (GLNPO,
LEPF, GLPF)
• Much is coordinated through GLRRIN and LEMN
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15. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Current Work—3
• Emerald Ash Borer
• Lake Erie Watersnakes
• Avian studies
• Dead Zone
• Aging gizzard shad and whitefish
• Ottolith studies
• Lots more
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16. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Gibraltar Island
Village of
Put-in-Bay
On South
Bass Island
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21. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Improving Science Education in
Ohio:
Stone Laboratory Story
Education for all ages
+ Field trips grades 4-adult
+ Intro courses open to superior HS students
+ Upper level courses for grad students
+ Teacher courses
Since 1990:
+ Students from
• 107 colleges
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• 360 high schools
22. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Opportunities:
• Courses—All ages
• Teaching
• Conferences
• Workshops and field trips
• Research
• REUs
• Visiting scientists
• Guest lectures and open houses
• Outreach and non-formal education
• Volunteer work weekends
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23. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Students Learn by Doing
Tell me, I forget.
Show me, I remember.
Involve me, I understand.
--Benjamin Franklin
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24. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Typical classroom;
Not more than 16 students
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25. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Students
Pulling in trawl
On stern of
BioLab
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26. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Entomology Class in Field
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27. Field Zoology at
Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Old Woman Creek
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35. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
On Line Discussion Board
• Lake Erie Discussion Board
• Outreach tool for Lake Erie
fishing Qs
• Top program web page
• Input: free software, time of
extension staff
• Growth
• 2005: 11,000 hits/month
• 2008: 70,000 hits/month
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36. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
How do I get involved?
• Friends of Stone Lab (FOSL)
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41. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
80:10:10 Rule
80% of water from upper lakes
10% from Lake Erie Tributaries
10% direct precipitation
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42. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Great Lakes
Lake Superior: Most Water
Lake Huron: Longest shoreline
Lake Michigan: Largest US population
Lake Erie: Most productive and most fish—
smallest volume
Lake Ontario: Largest Canadian population—
smallest area
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43. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Most agriculture of the Great Lakes.
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45. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
As a Result, Lake Erie Gets:
More sediment
More nutrients (fertilizers and sewage)
More pesticides
(The above 3 items are exacerbated by storms,
which will be more frequent and severe due
to global warming and climate change.)
And is still biologically, the most productive of
the Great Lakes
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46. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
50:2 Rule
(Not exact, but instructive)
Lake Superior: 50% of the water
and 2% of the fish
Lake Erie: 2% of the water and
50% of the fish
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48. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Lake Erie Stats
Drinking water for 11 million people
Over 20 power plants
300 marinas in Ohio alone
Walleye Capital of the World
40% of all Great Lakes charter boats
$1 billion sport fishery
One of top 10 sport fishing locations in the world
One of the largest freshwater commercial fisheries
in the world
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49. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Lake Erie’s Biggest Problems
+ Sedimentation/Water Clarity/Dredging
+ Nutrients and Phosphorus
+ HABs—Harmful Algal Blooms
+ Dead Zone
+ AIS—Aquatic Invasive Species
+ Climate Change/Lake Levels/Severe Storms
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50. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Sediment Entering Lake Erie—4/2/08
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51. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Impacts of Sedimentation
Water quality is reduced
Nutrients and contaminants enter the
Lake attached to sediment particles
Can trace Maumee River sediments over
Niagara Falls within one year
Maumee River is largest single source—
should not allow open lake disposal
where it is guaranteed to resuspend
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52. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Why does Lake Erie get the most
sediment?
Because it has the most agriculture in its basin.
Maumee River brings more sediment into Lake
Erie than all tributaries carry into Lake Superior,
and Lake Superior is 20 times larger in volume
than Lake Erie.
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53. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Nutrients and Phosphorus
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54. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Why does Lake Erie get most nutrients?
• Because it has the most agriculture in its basin.
• Few forests
• Wetlands gone
• Large human population—water treatment,
septic tanks, sewage treatment (or lack thereof)
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55. Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus
Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Maumee Cuyahoga
0.8
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.0
-0.1
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Sandusky Grand
0.6 0.3
0.2 0.0
-0.2 -0.3
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1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Source: P. Richards, Heidelberg College
56. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Impacts of Increased
Phosphorus Concentrations
HABs
+ Microcystis
+ Microcystin levels 60 times WHO
+ Cylindrospermopsis
Nuisance Algae Blooms
+ Lyngbya—Western Basin Attached
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+ Cladophora—Whole Lake Attached
Dead Zone
57. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
HABs
(Harmful Algal Blooms):
Western Basin Problem
(I used to say this, but it is
no longer true.)
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62. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
HAB Requirements
Warm water (summer problem)
High phosphorus levels (and now
high nitrogen)
Zebra/quagga mussels (remove
competition)
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63. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
HABs:
Western Basin Problem
But Contribute to
Oxygen Demand in
the Central Basin, i.e.
the Dead Zone
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64. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Dead Zone:
Central Basin Problem
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66. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Central Basin with Thermocline
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67. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Wind Tilting Thermocline
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68. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Nutrients and organic material
in sewer discharges and CSOs
contribute directly to HABs
and the Dead Zone, but it is
highly likely that non-point
loading from agriculture is the
predominant factor!
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69. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Efforts to
prevent/reduce CSOs
will improve the
Dead Zone and reduce
beach closings!
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70. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
AIS
Over 180 species in Great Lakes
75% since Seaway opened
Zebra and quagga mussels
Phragmites and loosestrife
Round gobies
Next?—Silver Carp??
How do we close the door?
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71. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Because Lake Erie is the
southernmost, shallowest,
warmest, and most nutrient-
enriched of the Great Lakes, it is
likely that AIS will always
present the greatest problem,
and have the greatest impact, in
Lake Erie.
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72. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Climate change is real and
will make these problems
worse!
• Warm water favors HABs
• Warm water increases oxygen depletion rates
• More severe storms will resuspend more sediment
and increase erosion and sediment loading
• Lake levels uncertain
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73. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Power Production Impacts
No Free Lunch
Wind
+ Bird Mortality
Coal or Nuclear
+ Cooling water impacts on fish
+ Mining impacts
+ Air pollution impacts
73 + Volume of material—fuel and waste
74. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Fish Impingement at Power Plants
900
20
800
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Millions of Fish Impinged /Year
700
16
600
MWe (mean)
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500
12
400 10
300 8
200 6
100 4
0 2
Energy Output 0
Fish Impingement
Acme Bayshore Davis-Bessie
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75. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
The Forecast:
Increased sedimentation—lower water clarity
(also means reduced coastal property
values)
Lower Lake Levels
More nutrients—algal mats, flies, HABs and
toxins
AIS—new one every 8 months
Dead Zone—bigger and longer lasting
Water treatment costs will increase
Lake Erie will continue to be the most
75 important lake in the world
76. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Reasonable Goals
+ Elimination of beach closures and water quality
improvements
• CSO reductions will help
• Everything else will likely be worse for Water Quality
+ Elimination of Dead Zone
• Important to drinking water quality
• May not be possible
+ Elimination of HABs
• Very important to human health
• Can be achieved
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• Will also improve Dead Zone and beaches
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What Can You Do? I
Don’t wait for someone else to solve the problem.
Be part of the solution. Join and support local
environmental organizations, e.g.
• Friends of Stone Laboratory
• Bioneers
• Cleveland Museum of Natural History
• Cleveland Botanical Garden
• Lake Erie Nature and Science Center
• Great Lakes Science Center
• A watershed protection group
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• A Remedial Action Plan (RAP)
78. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
What Can You Do? II
Support improvements to public sewer systems
that eliminate CSOs—your rates will increase!
Reduce runoff from your property
Reduce your carbon footprint
Reduce your water and electrical usage
Follow guidelines to prevent introduction of AIS
Become a “Clean Boater”
Dock your boat at a certified “Clean Marina”
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79. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
What Can You Do? III
Make sure your septic tank is working
properly
Be vocal and tell your elected officials to
support environmental programs
Volunteer for beach and shoreline
cleanups
Help protect and restore wetlands
Use buffer strips on your farm
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80. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
For more information
Dr. Jeff Reutter, Director
Ohio Sea Grant and Stone Laboratory
Stone Lab Ohio State Univ.
Ohio State Univ. Box 119
1314 Kinnear Rd. Put-in-Bay, O 43456
Col, Oh 43212 614-247-6500
614-292-8949
Reutter.1@osu.edu
www.ohioseagrant.os
u.edu/
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81. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Results and Key Points from Discussion—1
• Managers should focus on bioavailable P, not total P
• P limitation of algae may be decreasing
• High N levels may be pushing algae away from
Anabaena and Aphanizomenon and toward Microcys.
• Implications
+ Algae is N limited
+ P loading has gone up so much that it is no longer limiting
+ REDUCING P LOADS SHOULD STILL BE GOAL!!
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82. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Results and Key Points from Discussion—2
• Increased turbidity from Maumee River sediment is
advantageous to harmful algal blooms (Microcystis sp.)
• Microcystis is found in sediment prior to bloom and
sediments may be acting as a source
• Microcystis concentrations were highest in Aug., but found as
early as April
• Lyngbya concentrations highest in June – Aug and at 2-4 m
depths
• Many forms of Microcystis—not always producing toxin
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83. Ohio Sea Grant College Program
Results and Key Points from Discussion—3
• Stratification of P in soil samples is important
• Direct runoff of surface applied P is a factor
• In the CB and EB and looking from nearshore to offshore: P
concentrations go down, we are P-limited, and there may be
more P in sediment of CB than WB
• STP is a good indicator of P transport risk
• Phosphonate can be used by algae
• Changes in STP in last decade:
+ Input and output balanced in Ohio
+ STP levels have remained steady or gone down in most counties
+ Mercer County with many CAFO’s is a notable exception
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