OWTF Comenius 2012-2014 Exile in Hungary

1. Jews in Hungary
Catherine Ulaszek
Bolesaw (William) Pick

2. Jewish districts
• The Jewish people appeared in Hungary in the 12th and the 13th
centuries.
• The towns had the right to decide whether to let the Jewish
people live within the city walls or not. Szeged also had this
right.
• In the 18th century these people were allowed to rent rooms
and flats in the towns. The owners having Jewish-tenants
were registered.
• In 1813 Szeged marked a separated district for the Jewish
people: the Gogol street and the Hajnóczy street.
„Jewish ghetto.
Christians mustn't go in. „

3. Jewish districts
1843.
• That wasn’t big enough
so it needed expansion.
• Not all of the Jewish people followed these
regulations
40% of them didn’t live within this district
• The Jewish Community was founded in Szeged in
1785.
• Its central building was the Old Synagogue.

4. The life of Jewish people in Szeged

5. • The first Jewish person in Szeged was a tradesman called Mihály
Pollák
• The Jews had to live in the Hungarian cities without owning civil
rights that time
• In 1786-1787 approximately 25 families could be found in Szeged
with a population of 136
A typical Jewish family

6. • Later they got permission to choose their own judge and two
church servants for their religious community
• The leader of this community was called „rabbi”
• The first book which involved the religious rules of Jewish people
was created in 1791
A Jewish family

7. • This is the Old Synagogue in 1879 during the Great
Flood and today.
• We can see this historical building from the
window of the school.

8. • Lipót Lőw was elected to be the rabbi
for this synagogue
• The Jewish people could take part in the political
life from the 19th century
• In 1920 the number of Jewish people living in the
community was about 7000
• Seven years later the Jewish community consisted
of 8000 people

9.  In the summer of  They were also separated into
1941 Hungary joined ghettos.
the Second World
War.  It was the death march, and
 On 19th March 1944 only few of the deported Jews
the German army survived it.
occupied Hungary.
 Eichmann and his
notorious troop arrived
in Hungary to find a
‘final solution to the
problems of the jews’.
 Jews were listed, and
were ordered to wear
yellow stars.

10.  The Szeged ghetto  From the 6600 people
was organized in May who were carried off
and in June in the from Szeged in 1944
streets around the only about 1500
Synagogue and in the returned.
Brick Factory of  The number of victims
Szeged . of the Second World
 About 8700 Jews War from Szeged
were moved to the region reached 6000.
Szeged ghetto.
 There was only one
gate to the ghetto,
which was carefully
controlled by the
police.
 In 1944 the Jews of
Szeged nearly
vanished.

11.  On April 4 1945  Although most of the
Hungary was liberated society seemed
from the fascist careless about the
regime. deportation of the
 Before the war Jews, many
600.000 Jews lived in Hungarians decided to
Hungary. help the persecuted in
days of great fear.
 About 400.000 of
them were massacred  They are known as the
during the Holocaust. ‘Jew savers’

12.  Sára Salkaházi was
among the heroes whose
martyrdom presents the
foundation of humanity.
 She is credited with
saving the lives of 100
jews during WWII.
 She was shot by the
Nazis.
 Raoul Wallenberg was a
Swedish architect,
businessman, diplomat
and humanitarian.
 He is also widely
celebrated for his
successful efforts to
rescue tens of thousands
to about one hundred
thousand Jews in Nazi-
occupied Hungary.

13. The Synagogue during
the Second World War
 The Synagogue of
Szeged was the centre
of the ghetto.
 When the transportation
of the Jews started,
the Jews of Szeged
were told to leave all
their personal belongings
behind.
 These things later
had been replaced to
the Synagogue of Szeged.

14.  After the liberation a And the Synagogue today...
part of the returned
began to build up their
life again...  Consequently the
Jewish community
 Today victims of the lives with substantial
WWII are history, with values to
remembered in the be protected with
Synagogue: declared historic
moments, with an old
people's home to look
 The Memorial plaque, after, with a youth
where you can read club, with a modest
almost 5000 names number of young
on the marble tablets. people as the trustees
of the future.
 The church is again
loud with the noise of
the little ones in the
services.