OKFN Greece meet-up Friday, April 6, 2012, 5:00 PM Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Research Dissemination Center Prof. I. Antoniou (Director of MSc Web Science, AUTH, Steering Committee OKFN Greece). The power of Openness. Open Data and Open Knowledge

1. The power of Openness.
Irreversible Non - Hermitian Extensions of Quantum
Mechanics
Open Data and Open Knowledge
I. Antoniou
Ioannis E. Antoniou
CHAOS AND INNOVATION Research Unit
Mathematics Department
Mathematics Department
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Aristotle University ,
54124
54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
iantonio@math.auth.gr
iantonio@math.auth.gr
iantonio@math.auth.gr
3rd International Workshop on
2012-04-06
Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics

2. • What is a Complex System?
Physico-Chemical Organization
Life
Brain-Mind
Socio-economic structures
Communication Networks
WWW

3. Complexity emerges in Open Systems Far From Equilibrium ?
Poincare, De Donder, Schroedinger
indicated the need
to extend thermodynamics
to Open Systems Far From Equilibrium.
Open Systems may receive Information
communicating with their Εnvironment.
Entropy S becomes the sum of
Internal Entropy SI and Entropy “Flow” SF
S = SI + SF
ΔS = ΔSI + ΔSF
ΔSI ≥ 0 the Internal Entropy (2nd Law)
Complex networks
Social networks
Web of Knowledge

4. What are the qualifying Features of Complex Systems?
1) Far From Thermodynamic Equilibrium Structures [Ilya Prigogine]
Complex Structures Self-Organize Dissipating Energy and/or Information!
2) Innovation
Complex Processes ⇔ Emergence-Creation of New Information
at each Stage Internal Time-Age Operator
Complex Processes are not boring !
3) Robustness
Complex Processes ⇔ Structurally Stable Processes
Why Complex Processes emerged in Nature !
4) High Interdependence of the Constituent Units
There is no constructive Way to represent the system
in terms of disentangled fragmented independent components
You cannot divide and conquer !
5) Distributed Non Local Processing

5. How to describe
Interdependence?
Graphs and Networks
The Structure of Complex Systems
Distributed Processing

6. Network
Links
2
Nodes 1.2 0.5
0.2 3
1
2.1
4

7. The weight distribution defines
Network Function
How many nodes are linked with k nodes

8. Crystals: The simplest netwotks

9. Telephone Networks are not Regular
Renyi, Erdos 1960
PSTN
(Public Switched Telephone Network)
Random Networks

10. The Networks of Life
Are neither Regular nor Random!
Prigogine 1980
From Being to Becoming
Life operates between
The perfect predictable Crystals
and
The meaningless structuress Randomness
Study concrete Life Networks to identify
their qualifying features

11. The Networks of Life
!
2 new Networks were discovered!
-Small Worlds
Social Nets
Εpilepsy
Synchronization of Fireflies
[Strogats, Watts 1998]
-Self-Similar,Scale-Free Networks
WWW
[Barabasi,Albert 1999]

12. Small Worlds
Small Communication Pathways

13. Six Degrees of Separation Kentaro
Toyama
Milgram (1967) Allan Robert
Mike
Wagner ? Sternberg
Tarr
John Guare wrote the play
Six Degrees of
Separation,
based on this concept.
“Everybody on this planet is separated by only six other people. Six degrees of
separation. Between us and everybody else on this planet. The president of the United
States. A gondolier in Venice… It’s not just the big names. It’s anyone. A native in a rain
forest. A Tierra del Fuegan. An Eskimo. I am bound to everyone on this planet by a trail
of six people…”

14. Small Worlds Distribution

15. Self-Similar Networks
Αναξαγοπαρ:
“αρχας των οντων ομοιομεπειαρ απεφηνατο” [Αετιος, DK 59A46]
Emelard tablet Alchemy:
«As above so below»
P(k) ~ k−γ Power Law

16. World-Wide Web power law

17. P(k) ~ k−γ
as Fractals

18. Real self-simlar networks
Friendships Sexual Terrorists
(Moody J., 2001)
Potterat et al (2002)
Web)
Airlines

19. Brain-Web analogy
Brain as distributed Complex system (Web)

20. Web of Documents
• Analogy :
a global file system
• Primary objects :
documents
• Links between:
documents (or sub-parts of)
• Degree of structure in objects:
fairly low
• Semantics of content and links:
implicit
• Designed for:
human consumption

22. Web 2.0
• Wikis
• Blogs
• Flickr
• YouTube
• MySpace
• Facebook

23. Web 2.0

24. Web 2.0
DRAWBACKS :
• No data integration.
• Impossible to run queries in multiple data sources .
e.g. which diseases are related to the heart AND have a prevalence
>2% AND in 2010 there where >100 publications about them.

25. What is the Problem?
Consider a typical web page:
Markup consists of:
rendering
information (e.g.,
font size and
colour)
Hyper-links to
related content
Semantic content is
accessible to humans
but not (easily) to
computers…
25

26. Openness
Inter- operability

27. Semantic Processing
the Engineering solution of Nature for
managing Complexity
Open Knowledge Transfer

28. The unified open knowledge
The Vision of Encyclopaedists
Αristotle 384-322 BC

29. Denis Diderot
1713-1784
Jean-Baptiste
le Rond d'Alembert
1717 –1783

30. Mikhail Lomonosov 1711 –1765

31. Open Knowledge
Libetation of Intuition
Bringing people together
for max mutual benefit
Help us give meaning to our Life
OKFN the universal catalyst
in the Planetary Transmutation

32. Psycho-Cybernetics