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13th OECD Rural Development
Conference
Women in Agriculture and Rural Areas
Margaret Bateson-Missen,
European Commission, Head of
Unit AGRI/B3, AGRI Equality
Coordinator
Content
1. Commission’s holistic approach towards gender equality
2. Key challenges of women in agriculture and rural areas – overview of some
statistical data and indicators, references to the main drivers of inequalities
3. Commission’s response to the challenges
4. Success stories of EAFRD funding
1.Commission’s holistic approach towards
gender equality
 First ever Commissioner for Equality – Helena Dalli
 Equality Task Force – the network of Equality Coordinators representing all
Commission services => mainstreaming of equality and non-discrimination into
all EU policies and funding
 Gender Equality – Commission’s top priority => GENDER EQUALITY
STRATEGY 2020-2025
1.1. Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025
KEY OBJECTIVES:
 Ending gender-based violence
 Challenging gender stereotypes
 Closing gender gaps in the labour market
 Addressing the gender pay and pension gaps; closing the gender care gap and
achieving gender balance in decision-making and in politics.
 Achieving equal participation of women across all different sectors of the
economy including agriculture and rural development
2. Gender inequalities in agriculture and rural
areas – statistical data and indicators
AGRI action in the field of gender equality feeds into the Commission’s overall
policy and objectives which are defined in the Gender Equality Strategy and are
anchored in the EU legislation (Article 2 and 3 of the Treaty on the European
Union
 AGRI focus – gender equality in agriculture sector and rural areas
 The indicators reveal ample gaps between women and men in agriculture
sector and between rural women and rural men. This concerns a number of
areas such employment, education and training and income.
2.1. Agriculture sector – female farm
managers
Less than 30% of EU’s farm managers are women and their farms are smaller
than of their male counterparts;
Only 30% of workers in agriculture sector are women;
Women are more likely than men to work in the informal economy and on
part time basis, however, their participation through the informal rural
economy is not statistically recognized;
Rural women have lower income than rural men in all EU Member States
• Due to the structural deficiencies of local labour markets, women (mostly
highly-qualified) outmigrate from rural areas at a higher rate than men.
• Some rural areas lack infrastructure (physical and digital), provisions of
social support services is limited.
2.2. Agriculture and rural areas – summary of
women challenges
For the first time in the history of CAP – specific objective number 8 that
refers explicitly to women by promoting gender equality, including the
participation of women in farming.
CAP funds, European Social Fund+, the European Regional Development
Fund and Recovery and Resilience Facility support:
Investments into infrastructure and services – enablers of social inclusion of women;
Provision of incentives for local employment opportunities for women;
Enhanced support and incentives for female farmers
Improving the access to loans for women for entrepreneurial activities;
Empowering women in decision making
Enhanced monitoring of gender equality implementation – gender budgeting
- a methodology to measure the relevant expenditure at programme level
in the MFF 2021-2027.
3.Commission action against gender
inequalities in agriculture and rural areas
Long Term Vision of Rural Areas
Through Flagship initiative called ‘Social resilience and Women in rural
areas’ the supports for women will be provided to entrepreneurship,
participation in decision-making and investments in work-life balance
services, such as early childhood education and care, as well as services
for older people.
Mainstreaming of the needs of women in agriculture and rural areas into
the various relevant Commission’s files including regional policy, social
policy, demography and ageing policy, energy policy, educational policy etc.
3.1. Commission action against gender
inequality in agriculture and rural areas
• https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-
practice/michaela-hlubkova-dairy-
farm-start_en
CZ female farmer becomes
one of the largest goat milk
producers thanks to EAFRD
funding
4.1 Success stories – EAFRD funding
Three rural women in Romania start a
successful patisserie
• https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/upscaling-
confectionary-and-patisserie-workshop-rural-romania_en
4.2. Success stories –EAFRD funding
LT village women
create successful
organic goodies
brand
• https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-
practice/“goodies-village”-lithuania_en
4.3. Success stories – EAFRD funding
Thank you
© European Union 2020
Unless otherwise noted the reuse of this presentation is authorised under the CC BY 4.0 license. For any use or reproduction of elements that are
not owned by the EU, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective right holders.
Slide xx: element concerned, source: e.g. Fotolia.com; Slide xx: element concerned, source: e.g. iStock.com
Agriculture sector - employment
Employment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021
(people from 15-64 years; in thousands and as share of total employment)
Source: Eurostat 2022 (TEC00109)
Across most EU
Member States,
employment in
Agriculture, forestry
and fisheries accounts
for less than 5% of
total employment. The
highest share of labour
workforce in agriculture
has Romania, the lowest
is Luxembourg.
Agriculture sector – employment by sex
Across the EU, women
represent some 30% of
the total workforce in
Agriculture, forestry
and fisheries. Austria
has the most balanced
share of agriculture
employees when it
comes to sex. 40% of
agriculture workforce
are women in AT. In IE
only 15% of agriculture
workforce are women.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFSQ_EGAN2)
Employment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021 (by sex; people from 15-
64 years; in thousands and share of female employees from total of the sector)
Agriculture sector - Employment – full-time and part-time
23% of female employees
in Agriculture, forestry and
fisheries work part-time
(Share of part-time for male
employees in this sector:
10% of all)
(Share of female part-time
employees across all
economic sectors: 29%)
Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFSQ_EPGAN2)
Employment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021 (EU-27; by sex and time
regime; people from 15-64 years; in thousands)
Part-time
Full-time
Agriculture sector - Farm managers by sex and age
29% of farm managers are
female, the majority of which are
older than 65.
Rural areas – Active Rural Population
Active rural population in 2021 and share of total population
(from 15 – 64 years; in thousands)
EU-27:
34.9 million female +
36.7 million male
25% of EU active
population is rural;
12% of EU active
population are rural
women
Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFST_R_PGAUWSN)
Rural areas - Employment rate
The employment rates have
been increasing in recent
years.
However, the employment
rate of rural women is
consistently lower than for
rural men. NL has the
highest employment rate for
rural women at ca. 80%.
Romanian rural women are
only employed at 40%.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFST_R_ERGAU)
Employment rate in rural areas in 2021 (people between 15-64 years; in %)
Rural areas – Informal Employment
The share of informal
employment in rural areas is
disproportionally higher than
in the formal sector.
Source: ILO, 2018, pages 91-96
Rural areas - Income
Mean equalized net income in rural areas in 2021
(by sex; in €)
Income for rural women is
lower than for rural men in all
Member States. In the majority
of MSs the income for women
in cities is higher than the
income of rural women.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (ILC_DI17)
Data for Slovakia missing
Rural areas - risk of poverty
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion in rural areas
in 2021
In roughly half of the EU
Member States, the risk for
poverty is greater rural
areas than in cities.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (SDG_01_10A)
Data for Slovakia missing
Rural areas – Education/training
Early leavers from education or training
in rural areas in 2021
(EU-27; 18-24 years; in percentage of all)
Rural women leave
less often
training/education
than men.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (EDAT_LFSE_30)
Rural areas – young people neither employed nor in
education
Young people neither in employment nor in education and
training in rural areas (and cities) in 2021 (15-34 years, by sex)
Young women in rural
areas are more often
neither employed or
in training than young
men in rural areas.
However, in some EU
Member States the
rates for young women
is even higher in cities.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (EDAT_LFSE_29)
Rural areas - Activity rate
Activity rate of rural women vs. rural men and cities’ women in
2021 (15-64 years, by sex)
In all MSs rural men
have higher activity
rate than rural
women. In the majority
of MSs cities’ women
have higher activity rate
than rural women.
Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFST_R_AREDNU)

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5 - Reducing Gender Gaps-Margaret Bateson.pdf

  • 1. 13th OECD Rural Development Conference Women in Agriculture and Rural Areas Margaret Bateson-Missen, European Commission, Head of Unit AGRI/B3, AGRI Equality Coordinator
  • 2. Content 1. Commission’s holistic approach towards gender equality 2. Key challenges of women in agriculture and rural areas – overview of some statistical data and indicators, references to the main drivers of inequalities 3. Commission’s response to the challenges 4. Success stories of EAFRD funding
  • 3. 1.Commission’s holistic approach towards gender equality  First ever Commissioner for Equality – Helena Dalli  Equality Task Force – the network of Equality Coordinators representing all Commission services => mainstreaming of equality and non-discrimination into all EU policies and funding  Gender Equality – Commission’s top priority => GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY 2020-2025
  • 4. 1.1. Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 KEY OBJECTIVES:  Ending gender-based violence  Challenging gender stereotypes  Closing gender gaps in the labour market  Addressing the gender pay and pension gaps; closing the gender care gap and achieving gender balance in decision-making and in politics.  Achieving equal participation of women across all different sectors of the economy including agriculture and rural development
  • 5. 2. Gender inequalities in agriculture and rural areas – statistical data and indicators AGRI action in the field of gender equality feeds into the Commission’s overall policy and objectives which are defined in the Gender Equality Strategy and are anchored in the EU legislation (Article 2 and 3 of the Treaty on the European Union  AGRI focus – gender equality in agriculture sector and rural areas  The indicators reveal ample gaps between women and men in agriculture sector and between rural women and rural men. This concerns a number of areas such employment, education and training and income.
  • 6. 2.1. Agriculture sector – female farm managers
  • 7. Less than 30% of EU’s farm managers are women and their farms are smaller than of their male counterparts; Only 30% of workers in agriculture sector are women; Women are more likely than men to work in the informal economy and on part time basis, however, their participation through the informal rural economy is not statistically recognized; Rural women have lower income than rural men in all EU Member States • Due to the structural deficiencies of local labour markets, women (mostly highly-qualified) outmigrate from rural areas at a higher rate than men. • Some rural areas lack infrastructure (physical and digital), provisions of social support services is limited. 2.2. Agriculture and rural areas – summary of women challenges
  • 8. For the first time in the history of CAP – specific objective number 8 that refers explicitly to women by promoting gender equality, including the participation of women in farming. CAP funds, European Social Fund+, the European Regional Development Fund and Recovery and Resilience Facility support: Investments into infrastructure and services – enablers of social inclusion of women; Provision of incentives for local employment opportunities for women; Enhanced support and incentives for female farmers Improving the access to loans for women for entrepreneurial activities; Empowering women in decision making Enhanced monitoring of gender equality implementation – gender budgeting - a methodology to measure the relevant expenditure at programme level in the MFF 2021-2027. 3.Commission action against gender inequalities in agriculture and rural areas
  • 9. Long Term Vision of Rural Areas Through Flagship initiative called ‘Social resilience and Women in rural areas’ the supports for women will be provided to entrepreneurship, participation in decision-making and investments in work-life balance services, such as early childhood education and care, as well as services for older people. Mainstreaming of the needs of women in agriculture and rural areas into the various relevant Commission’s files including regional policy, social policy, demography and ageing policy, energy policy, educational policy etc. 3.1. Commission action against gender inequality in agriculture and rural areas
  • 10. • https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects- practice/michaela-hlubkova-dairy- farm-start_en CZ female farmer becomes one of the largest goat milk producers thanks to EAFRD funding 4.1 Success stories – EAFRD funding
  • 11. Three rural women in Romania start a successful patisserie • https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/upscaling- confectionary-and-patisserie-workshop-rural-romania_en 4.2. Success stories –EAFRD funding
  • 12. LT village women create successful organic goodies brand • https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects- practice/“goodies-village”-lithuania_en 4.3. Success stories – EAFRD funding
  • 13. Thank you © European Union 2020 Unless otherwise noted the reuse of this presentation is authorised under the CC BY 4.0 license. For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the EU, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective right holders. Slide xx: element concerned, source: e.g. Fotolia.com; Slide xx: element concerned, source: e.g. iStock.com
  • 14. Agriculture sector - employment Employment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021 (people from 15-64 years; in thousands and as share of total employment) Source: Eurostat 2022 (TEC00109) Across most EU Member States, employment in Agriculture, forestry and fisheries accounts for less than 5% of total employment. The highest share of labour workforce in agriculture has Romania, the lowest is Luxembourg.
  • 15. Agriculture sector – employment by sex Across the EU, women represent some 30% of the total workforce in Agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Austria has the most balanced share of agriculture employees when it comes to sex. 40% of agriculture workforce are women in AT. In IE only 15% of agriculture workforce are women. Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFSQ_EGAN2) Employment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021 (by sex; people from 15- 64 years; in thousands and share of female employees from total of the sector)
  • 16. Agriculture sector - Employment – full-time and part-time 23% of female employees in Agriculture, forestry and fisheries work part-time (Share of part-time for male employees in this sector: 10% of all) (Share of female part-time employees across all economic sectors: 29%) Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFSQ_EPGAN2) Employment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021 (EU-27; by sex and time regime; people from 15-64 years; in thousands) Part-time Full-time
  • 17. Agriculture sector - Farm managers by sex and age 29% of farm managers are female, the majority of which are older than 65.
  • 18. Rural areas – Active Rural Population Active rural population in 2021 and share of total population (from 15 – 64 years; in thousands) EU-27: 34.9 million female + 36.7 million male 25% of EU active population is rural; 12% of EU active population are rural women Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFST_R_PGAUWSN)
  • 19. Rural areas - Employment rate The employment rates have been increasing in recent years. However, the employment rate of rural women is consistently lower than for rural men. NL has the highest employment rate for rural women at ca. 80%. Romanian rural women are only employed at 40%. Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFST_R_ERGAU) Employment rate in rural areas in 2021 (people between 15-64 years; in %)
  • 20. Rural areas – Informal Employment The share of informal employment in rural areas is disproportionally higher than in the formal sector. Source: ILO, 2018, pages 91-96
  • 21. Rural areas - Income Mean equalized net income in rural areas in 2021 (by sex; in €) Income for rural women is lower than for rural men in all Member States. In the majority of MSs the income for women in cities is higher than the income of rural women. Source: Eurostat 2022 (ILC_DI17) Data for Slovakia missing
  • 22. Rural areas - risk of poverty People at risk of poverty or social exclusion in rural areas in 2021 In roughly half of the EU Member States, the risk for poverty is greater rural areas than in cities. Source: Eurostat 2022 (SDG_01_10A) Data for Slovakia missing
  • 23. Rural areas – Education/training Early leavers from education or training in rural areas in 2021 (EU-27; 18-24 years; in percentage of all) Rural women leave less often training/education than men. Source: Eurostat 2022 (EDAT_LFSE_30)
  • 24. Rural areas – young people neither employed nor in education Young people neither in employment nor in education and training in rural areas (and cities) in 2021 (15-34 years, by sex) Young women in rural areas are more often neither employed or in training than young men in rural areas. However, in some EU Member States the rates for young women is even higher in cities. Source: Eurostat 2022 (EDAT_LFSE_29)
  • 25. Rural areas - Activity rate Activity rate of rural women vs. rural men and cities’ women in 2021 (15-64 years, by sex) In all MSs rural men have higher activity rate than rural women. In the majority of MSs cities’ women have higher activity rate than rural women. Source: Eurostat 2022 (LFST_R_AREDNU)