PLANT BREEDING

1. HYBRIDIZATION
TECHNIQUEIN
RICE

2. What isHybridization?
Hybrid
Homozygous
parents
Genetically
Dissimilar
Crossing

3. Objectives
• Tocreate variability
• Toincrease the yield of grain
• Toincrease grain quality
• Todevelop early maturity variety
• Todevelop disease resistant variety
• Todevelop insect and pest resistant variety
• Toimprove cooking characteristics

4. MATERIALS
• Rectified Spirit
• Needle
• Scissor
• Forceps
• James Clips
• Tags
• Polythene Bags
• Bamboo Sticks
• Conical Flask
• Threads

5. FLORALBIOLOGY
• Terminal panicle which bears perfect flower.
• Sessile,bi-sexual,self pollinated flower.
• Flower having six stamens.
• Flower surrounded by lemma and palea.
• Gynocium consists of carpel-1,superior ovary and one chambered
hypogynous.
• Most ofthe flowers bloom between 2-4 days.
• Blooming of the spikelets starts frompanicle apex and proceeds
downward.
• Pollen shed at the time of flower opening.
• Stigma remains receptive for 4-5days.
• Pollen preservation possible for 24 hours at 54 degree Fat 95%humidity
• Fertilization completes within 3 hours after pollination

6. Diagrams
of Floral
Biology

8. STEPSINHYBRIDIZATION

9. 1. Selection of femaleplants
• Insect and disease free healthy plant
• Selection of flowers expected to open by next morning
• Removal of immature and open flowers

10. 2. EMASCULATION
• Purpose of emasculation to prevent pollination
• Selection of panicles expected to open in the morning
• Selection of spikelets whose anther length about 60%
• Lemma and palea need to cut at a place 20%bellow from the tip
• Stamens need to remove one by one with sterized needle or forceps
• Best time :afternoon
• Bagging of emasculated flowers with polythene

11. EMASCULATIONPROCESS

12. Diagrams of
emasculation
process

13. Mechanical
emasculation
Mechanically
prevented of pollen
transfer
Time saving,
extensive,quite cheap
 vacuuming of anthers
involves an aspirator
and high speedsuction
of pollen from the
anthers of flowerswith
aminimum damage to
the stigma.

14. 3. POLLINATION
• Process of collecting anther and pollen grains of desired male parent and
putting in the stigma at the emasculated flower of desired female parent
• Done in the next morning when the stigma is receptive
• Collection of yellow and turgid anthers from desired male plant and
putting them in bright sunlight for 15minutes
• Temporary removal of bag from female plants and pollination is done by
dusting pollens over stigma surface of emasculated buds
• Sometimes whole anther is inserted inside the florets with the help of
forceps

15. BAGGING
• Fixation of bamboo stick
• Top of the plants with bud inside the bag
• Two james clip through holes
• Exchanges of gases
• Stop the visit of insect

16. TAGGING
• After bagging tag bear followinginformation:
Cross combination (BR3 x BRRIdhan29)
Date of emasculation
Date of pollination
Numbers of buds pollinated
Signature of the breeder

17. • In agriculture, it is vitally important to maintain genetic diversity to
obtain the health and longevity of acrop.
• As with other types of hybrids, hybrid rice typically displays
heterosis
• Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional
hybridization to increase yield by creating "high-yieldingvarieties".
• Often the handful of hybridized breeds originated in developed
countries and were further hybridized with local varieties in the rest
of the developing world to create high yield strains resistant to
local climate and diseases