VARIOUS COLOURS THAT ARE PRESENT IN FOOD -ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL

1. COLOURS

2. • The acceptance of a food depends to a large extent upon its
attractive colour .
• The characteristic colour of raw food is due to the
pigments naturally present in it.

3. NATURAL COLOURING MATTERS:
• Chlorophylls
• Carotenoids
• Anthocyanins
• Flavonoids
• Anthoxanthins
• Tannies
• Quinones and Xanthones
• Betalains

4. CHLOROPHYLLS:
• These green coloured , fat soluble pigments , involved in
photosynthesis , are present in many plants .
• There are two types of chlorophylls , a and b.

5. CEROTENOIDS:
• These are fat soluble , Orange-yellow pigments that are present in
many vegetables and fruits.
• The first carotenoid isolated was from carrot , therefore named as
carotene.
• Most widely distributed carotenoids are lutein , violaxanthin and
neoxanthin which found in leaves.
• Eg : carrot , pumpkin , mango and orange.

7. Anthocyanins :
• These are the red , blue and purple water soluble compounds occurring
in the cell sap of some fruits and vegetables.
• Eg : coloured Grapes , Red Cabbage , Apple and in most flowers.

9. Flavonoids :
• They are water soluble , polyphenolic substances ,similar in
structure to Anthocyanins , which also occur as glycosides ,
and include the sub groups of Flanones , Flavonols ,
Flavonones , Chalcones , Aurones and Biflavanyls.

12. Anthoxanthins :
• These are creamy yellow , creamy white or yellow white water
soluble compounds occurring in the cell saps of some fruits
and vegetables .
• Eg : Potato , Cauliflower.

13. • These are colourless or yellow substance which turn brown
when fruits and vegetables containing them .
• Eg : Brinjal , Bottle Gourd , Apple.
• Divided into two major groups : 1.Condensed tannins
2.Hydrolysable tannins
Tannins:

14. Quinones And Xanthones :
• A large number of pigments found in the cell sap of flowering
plants , fungi ,bacteria,and algae.
• Xanthones are a group of yellow pigments .One well – known
member is mangiferin , which occurs as a glycoside in
mangoes.

15. Betalains :
• Betalains are a group of red and yellow pigments found in
red beet and , to some extent , in cactus fruits , poke berries
and a number of flowers.
• Eg : strawberries and cherries .

16. B) Synthetic colours :