SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 17
   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6f
    QgdpXiK0
history




                              Project
                        remanufacturing
                       (toner part, printer,
                          circuit board,
                          monitor etc)


  Fuji Xerox eco-
manufacturing center                           Founded EMC
       (EMC)
In 1990’s - DAN
Godamunne
Propose with little
or no investment
could save a
million dollars
 In a years of experiments went beyond
  $1Million
 In 5 years company save 18million
 Difficulties - when technical staff can not
  communicate as PR practitioner
 In 2000, eco manufacturing center in
  Zetland, Sydney
 Appoint PR practitioner and assistant for
  new communication department
 They are making public aware of the
  company to positioning themselves in
  the market
 Start looking to market opportunity for
  making application for awards
 Making press coverage as primary
  legitimacy stages
 In 2001- win 3 of 4 awards that they are
  applied
 2002- earned Highest National
  Honour, the Australian museam Uereka
  Prize for industry.
 Global 500 award, united Nations
  enviroments program (UNEP), nobel
  prizes – ‘to succes in the frontlines of the
  glabal enviromental action’
 Now- they are judging award
 Popularity EMC growing –
  journalists, managers, scientists, teachers
  and students wanted to come and see
  how remanufacturing works.
 Increase public visibility – open to public
  visitor
 PR dept. no longer looking for journalist
 Start looking partnership – University of
  New south Wales – use baking soda as
  cleaning agent in cleaning roller
 Produced $100 milion in saving – across
  Fuji Xerox Group worldwide
   Working with industry bodies (AEEMA,
    AIIA, CSTRO), Environmentalist
    organizations (landcare, planet Ark),
    opinion leaders ( Prof. Dexter Dunphy, a
    Harvard postgraduate influential figure in
    industrial management) and political
    adviser (John Blakemore, consultant to
    the Australian Government)
Open to other continents in Holland, California, Mexico, Brazil, Thailand,
Shanghai and second one in Sydney
   Provide IMC externally as contracted full
    service and another one to reinvent it
    internally to follow organization goals in
    the best cost effective way. E.g. : EMC
    has been endeavoring to reconcile its
    ambition to lead the industry with a
    humble, almost non existent
    communication budget.
   IMC takes marketer to takes customer’s
    perspective. A deeper knowledge
    customer’s insight and point of the
    brands contact should inform the
    communication strategy.(harris,1998;
    Marconi, 2001; Schultz and Schultz, 2004)
   Mainstream literature and major
    textbooks see IMC as the add value
    , which in turn is getting away from
    advertising (Duncan, 2005) Belch and
    Belch, 2007; Shimp, 2007)
   EMC has used a different pattern of
    legitimacy, which is barely explored in
    communication literature - the authority
    of the pioneer.
Promoting eco manufacturing imc

More Related Content

Similar to Promoting eco manufacturing imc

1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdfShivamYadav8517
 
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdfShivamYadav8517
 
Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...
Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...
Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...svmn
 
Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)
Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)
Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)Jon Hansen
 
CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1
CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1
CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1Salem Kimble
 
TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...
TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...
TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...TCI Network
 
New Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business SurvivalNew Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business Survivalpiotrjedrzejuk
 
New Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business SurvivalNew Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business Survivalpiotrjedrzejuk
 
A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...
A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...
A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...Mario Morello
 
Doing Good Doing Better
Doing Good Doing BetterDoing Good Doing Better
Doing Good Doing BetterMarc Borremans
 
Business ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docx
Business ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docxBusiness ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docx
Business ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docxhumphrieskalyn
 
Embracing Technology
Embracing Technology Embracing Technology
Embracing Technology Andie Burjek
 
Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)
Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)
Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)Oleg Tsal-Tsalko
 
Innovation studies and ecosystems
Innovation studies and ecosystemsInnovation studies and ecosystems
Innovation studies and ecosystemsArho Suominen
 

Similar to Promoting eco manufacturing imc (20)

1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
 
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
1 Strategic Alliance.pdf
 
EYIF Innopitch
EYIF InnopitchEYIF Innopitch
EYIF Innopitch
 
Technopreneurship The I T Viewpoint
Technopreneurship    The  I T  ViewpointTechnopreneurship    The  I T  Viewpoint
Technopreneurship The I T Viewpoint
 
Birth of A Permanent Mechanism: The MinDA Act of 2010 (RA 9996)
Birth of A Permanent Mechanism: The MinDA Act of 2010 (RA 9996)Birth of A Permanent Mechanism: The MinDA Act of 2010 (RA 9996)
Birth of A Permanent Mechanism: The MinDA Act of 2010 (RA 9996)
 
1.0 CSR and Project Management OCT 2020
1.0 CSR and Project Management  OCT 20201.0 CSR and Project Management  OCT 2020
1.0 CSR and Project Management OCT 2020
 
Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...
Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...
Emerging Tech and Emerging Economies -- 2009.08.19 Stephen Goodman Presentati...
 
Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)
Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)
Sustainability Facts And Fiction (Oipmac Day 1)
 
CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1
CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1
CTIA 2009 Green Telecom Summit, V1
 
TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...
TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...
TCI 2015 Ecosystem Impact in Start-up Firms: A Comparative Analysis between S...
 
Ocde Innovation and networks
Ocde Innovation and networksOcde Innovation and networks
Ocde Innovation and networks
 
New Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business SurvivalNew Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business Survival
 
New Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business SurvivalNew Standards For Long Term Business Survival
New Standards For Long Term Business Survival
 
A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...
A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...
A critical evaluation of Apple’s environmental corporate policy approach and ...
 
Doing Good Doing Better
Doing Good Doing BetterDoing Good Doing Better
Doing Good Doing Better
 
Business ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docx
Business ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docxBusiness ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docx
Business ManagementBrief History and Core BusinessEastman Koda.docx
 
Embracing Technology
Embracing Technology Embracing Technology
Embracing Technology
 
Disruptive innovation
Disruptive innovationDisruptive innovation
Disruptive innovation
 
Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)
Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)
Developer on a mission (Devoxx UA 2021)
 
Innovation studies and ecosystems
Innovation studies and ecosystemsInnovation studies and ecosystems
Innovation studies and ecosystems
 

More from Wilderness Adventure Camp at Pulau Tuba, Langkawi by Halim Mazmin

More from Wilderness Adventure Camp at Pulau Tuba, Langkawi by Halim Mazmin (14)

Research proposal presentation
Research proposal presentationResearch proposal presentation
Research proposal presentation
 
Mundane product fruit haven. final
Mundane product   fruit haven. finalMundane product   fruit haven. final
Mundane product fruit haven. final
 
Imc message design prez doc final 2
Imc message design prez doc   final 2Imc message design prez doc   final 2
Imc message design prez doc final 2
 
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivismMultimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
 
Business plan for moo cow
Business plan for moo cowBusiness plan for moo cow
Business plan for moo cow
 
Presentation marketing strategy and media planning
Presentation   marketing strategy and media planningPresentation   marketing strategy and media planning
Presentation marketing strategy and media planning
 
Copywriting
CopywritingCopywriting
Copywriting
 
Integrated Marketing Communication1
Integrated Marketing Communication1Integrated Marketing Communication1
Integrated Marketing Communication1
 
Red bull final case study
Red bull final case studyRed bull final case study
Red bull final case study
 
Presentation marketing strategy and media planning
Presentation   marketing strategy and media planningPresentation   marketing strategy and media planning
Presentation marketing strategy and media planning
 
incumbent advantage
incumbent advantageincumbent advantage
incumbent advantage
 
review and critique journals
review and critique journalsreview and critique journals
review and critique journals
 
Imc ppt.final
Imc ppt.finalImc ppt.final
Imc ppt.final
 
Cimb pr management
Cimb  pr managementCimb  pr management
Cimb pr management
 

Recently uploaded

ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTiammrhaywood
 
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice greatEarth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice greatYousafMalik24
 
Q4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptx
Q4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptxQ4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptx
Q4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptxnelietumpap1
 
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxProudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxthorishapillay1
 
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course  for BeginnersFull Stack Web Development Course  for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course for BeginnersSabitha Banu
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfAMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfphamnguyenenglishnb
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomnelietumpap1
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxHumphrey A Beña
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designMIPLM
 
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4MiaBumagat1
 
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfSpandanaRallapalli
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptxmary850239
 

Recently uploaded (20)

OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...
OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...
OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
 
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice greatEarth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
 
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxLEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
Q4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptx
Q4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptxQ4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptx
Q4 English4 Week3 PPT Melcnmg-based.pptx
 
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxProudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
 
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course  for BeginnersFull Stack Web Development Course  for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
 
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfAMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
 
FINALS_OF_LEFT_ON_C'N_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
FINALS_OF_LEFT_ON_C'N_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxFINALS_OF_LEFT_ON_C'N_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
FINALS_OF_LEFT_ON_C'N_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
 
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
 
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
 
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
 
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
 

Promoting eco manufacturing imc

  • 1.
  • 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6f QgdpXiK0
  • 3. history Project remanufacturing (toner part, printer, circuit board, monitor etc) Fuji Xerox eco- manufacturing center Founded EMC (EMC)
  • 4. In 1990’s - DAN Godamunne Propose with little or no investment could save a million dollars
  • 5.  In a years of experiments went beyond $1Million  In 5 years company save 18million  Difficulties - when technical staff can not communicate as PR practitioner
  • 6.  In 2000, eco manufacturing center in Zetland, Sydney  Appoint PR practitioner and assistant for new communication department
  • 7.  They are making public aware of the company to positioning themselves in the market  Start looking to market opportunity for making application for awards  Making press coverage as primary legitimacy stages  In 2001- win 3 of 4 awards that they are applied
  • 8.  2002- earned Highest National Honour, the Australian museam Uereka Prize for industry.  Global 500 award, united Nations enviroments program (UNEP), nobel prizes – ‘to succes in the frontlines of the glabal enviromental action’  Now- they are judging award
  • 9.  Popularity EMC growing – journalists, managers, scientists, teachers and students wanted to come and see how remanufacturing works.  Increase public visibility – open to public visitor  PR dept. no longer looking for journalist
  • 10.  Start looking partnership – University of New south Wales – use baking soda as cleaning agent in cleaning roller  Produced $100 milion in saving – across Fuji Xerox Group worldwide
  • 11. Working with industry bodies (AEEMA, AIIA, CSTRO), Environmentalist organizations (landcare, planet Ark), opinion leaders ( Prof. Dexter Dunphy, a Harvard postgraduate influential figure in industrial management) and political adviser (John Blakemore, consultant to the Australian Government)
  • 12. Open to other continents in Holland, California, Mexico, Brazil, Thailand, Shanghai and second one in Sydney
  • 13. Provide IMC externally as contracted full service and another one to reinvent it internally to follow organization goals in the best cost effective way. E.g. : EMC has been endeavoring to reconcile its ambition to lead the industry with a humble, almost non existent communication budget.
  • 14. IMC takes marketer to takes customer’s perspective. A deeper knowledge customer’s insight and point of the brands contact should inform the communication strategy.(harris,1998; Marconi, 2001; Schultz and Schultz, 2004)
  • 15. Mainstream literature and major textbooks see IMC as the add value , which in turn is getting away from advertising (Duncan, 2005) Belch and Belch, 2007; Shimp, 2007)
  • 16. EMC has used a different pattern of legitimacy, which is barely explored in communication literature - the authority of the pioneer.