Contact lens for congenital aphakia and other eye conditions for infants and toddlers. The slide presentation encompasses indications for CL fitting in paediatric, contact lens options, fitting techniques, challenges and contact lens as myopia control.
2. OUTLINES:
Indications for paediatric contact lenses fitting
Various contact lens option for paediatric
Fitting techniques
Challenges that are present with paediatric
CL as Myopia control
3. WHO is PAEDIATRIC?
Paediatrics : A branch of medical care that deals with
infants, children and adolescents, from birth up to age of 18
(in US up to 21)
The word paediatric is derived from two Greek words (pais =
child and iatros = healer), which means healer of children.
Classification by American Academy of Paediatrics:
STAGE AGE
Baby 0-12 months old
Toddler 1-3 years old
Pre School 3-5 years
Grade-schooler 5-12 years old
Teen 12-18 years old
Young adult 18-21 years old
4. INDICATIONS
„Purpose of wearing CL: Refractive and Therapeutic
1. Aphakia (congenital cataract, genetic , rubella, Post-partum
trauma, PHPV and micro-ophthalmia)
2. High Myopia „
3. High hyperopia (Accomodative esotropia) „
4. Irregular Astigmatism (trauma, HSV scarring )„
5. Photophobia (aniridia, iris coloboma, albinism,
achromatopsia „)
6. Amblyopia
7. Anisometropia (refractive>2D)„
8. Nystagmus (Often accompanied with high refractive error
„ )
9. Myopia Control
5. INDICATION cont.
Aphakia
Congenital cataracts occur in 1.7 of 10,000 births
Surgeon do not insert IOL for children under 2-3 yo during the
lensectomy, due to fragile posterior capsule and the eye not yet
stable, as keep growing.
Resultant aphakia best corrected with Contact Lens to restore vision
Anisometropia
In case of aniseikonia, contact lenses reduce differences in image
size between eyes and improve peripheral vision.
Amblyopia
An occluder or opaque contact lens as alternative to patching
therapy
6. CL OPTIONS-Description
1. Soft/Hydrogel „ lens
Advantages Disadvantages
Comfort
Stays in place
High cost
Low Dk ( corneal edema )
Poor handling
Not durable ( rippage , deposits)
Infection risk in EW
No UV protection avail
Cannot mask irregularity
7. CL OPTIONS-Description
2. Prosthetic Lenses
To improve appearance of disfigured eye : Aniridia,
Iris coloboma, injured cornea (ulcer or trauma)
To block light reaching back of the eyes; for photophobia to
reduce glare & increase comfort: Albinism (less pigment)
To eliminate diplopia for certain eye conditions.
Amlyopia therapy:
Pt wear two identical-appearing colored contact lens, GOOD eye wears lens with
opaque pupil to block (occlude) light from entering the eye.
More effective than applying eye patch
„HOW?: Custom painted to color match „
8. CL OPTIONS-Description
3. Silicone Elastomer/B&L Silsoft
Silicone elastomer lens providing the high oxygen permeability
Silsoft by B&L:Option for paediatric aphakia-30 days continuous wear lens
Advantages:
High O2 permeability
Comfort & stay in place
Easy handling
Disadvantages:
Poor lens wetting
Hydrophobic
Rapid lipid deposition
Limited parameters
Power range 3D step
3 Base Curves
1 diameter
High cost
Parameters Available range
Material Elastofilcon
Water content 0.2%
O2 permeability (Dk) 340
O2 transmission (Dk/t) 71
Base Curves 7.5, 7.7, 7.9mm
Diameter S 11.30mm
Power +23.00D to +32.00D (3.00D steps)
Optical zone 7.0mm
Centre thickness 0.51mm - 0.71mm
9. CL OPTIONS-Description
4. Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP)
Preference: Menicon Z
Highest level of oxygen
permeability
Advantages:
Provide clearer vision than other methods.
Allow improved tear flow and oxygen under the CL-high Dk
Easy to handle (insertion & removal)
Reduction in the progression of myopia
Flexibility designs/parameters (customize curve, power, diameter.
Safety profile: less bacterial and protein adherence
Cost: less expensive
Disadvantages:
Adaptation/ comfort
Lens loss/ dislocation
Parameters Details
Material Tisilfocon A with UV filter
O2 permeability , Dk 163
FDA Approval 30 days continuous wear
10. CONTACT LENS FITTING
What age appropriate to fit contact lens?
American Academy of Optometry in 2004 stated :
“ by the age of eight, a child was able to handle contact lenses and assume
some degree of responsibility.”
However, child's maturity and ability to handle contact lenses responsibly is
more important than age alone.
Otherwise, optometrist should educate and guide parents on proper
handling of CL.
Pre-fitting apparatus
Contact lens fitting sets
Retinoscope and loose lenses
Fluorescein strips and Wratton filter
Keratometer (optional)
Burton Lamp
Contact lens solution, case & cleaners
14. CL FITTING-PARAMETERS
Average Power Needed for the Aphakic Eye
0-12 months : +29 D to +32 D
12-24 months : +20 D to +26 D
> 2 Years : +12 D to +20 D
Corneal Curvature (Table 1)
15. CL FITTING- CONSIDERATION
Considerations Specific to the Infant
maximum oxygen permeability
expanded powers
steeper base curves
smaller overall diameters
ease in handling and durability
reproducible
ability to use medication
16. CHALLENGE IN PAEDIATRIC CL MANAGEMENT
Infant & toddler eye anatomy
Small palpebral fissure
Steeper cornea than older patient
Higher powers than the older pt (due to shorter axial length)
Parent time & motivation
Time limitation
Find difficulty on lens insertion and removal process, lens care
Unable to understand instruction (infants)
Alternative: voice, touch & smell
Anxiety about the procedures (for toddlers)
Resisting during procedures
17. CL as MYOPIA CONTROL
Orthokeratology (Ortho-K)
Temporarily reverse myopia
Specially designed GP worn during night sleep, and removed in the
morning .
“Dual-Focus” soft contact lenses:
Latest finding: able to slow the progression of nearsightedness in
children ages 11 to 14, compared with regular soft contact lenses.
Design:
Concept: peripheral defocus in the retina might reduce the lengthening of the
eyeball during childhood that is associated with myopia progression.
Central optical zone :
Fully corrects myopia
Peripheral zone:
Lesser correction
18. REFERENCES
1. Scalafani, L. August, 4 2002. Kids and Contacts: Pediatric Aphakia Contact Lens
Fitting: Review of Optometry.
2. Edmonds, C.A., October, 23 2003. Fitting Infants and Toddlers with Contact Lenses:
Review of Optometry.
3. Stephenson, M. 2014. Prosthetic Contact Lenses. Allaboutvision.com
4. Walline, J.J. 2000. Fitting Kids with Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses. Contact Lens
Spectrum.
5. Heiting,G. Are Contact Lenses a Good Choice for Kids?. Allaboutvision.com
6. Reeder, R.E.Kattouf, V. November ,1 2010.Succeeding with Kids and Contact Lenses:
Optometric Management.
7. Saltarelli, D.P. 2013. Contact Lenses For Infant Aphakia: Tips For Successful
Management.