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Class 2.9 of the PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? PART 1 of 2 There are a great number of design methods & it is important to choose those that are best suited to your particular circumstances & objectives. In this class we look at some of those methods & talk about the criteria to take into account for their use.

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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PRINCIPLES ETHICS TECHNIQUES Share Surplus Put Limits on Population & Consumption Projects in Practice Energía y Recursos Técnicas de Diseño Earth-Care People-Care

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DESIGN An integrated functional, & conscious process a complex process

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Design Frameworks <ul><li>General procedures </li></ul><ul><li>(structures) </li></ul>Design Frameworks are SEQUENCES: they focus the designer on taking a SYSTEMATIC approach to the design

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Technologies, connections, structures … Legal aids, people, culture, commerce & finance ... Time, data, ethics Water, land, landscape, climate, plants… We have to take into account ALL types of components COMPONENTS COMPONENTES Site Energy Social Abstract the DESIGN is the beneficial association of all components

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Resources Technologies Systems People Culture

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SADIM (from landscape arquitecture) (from landscape arquitecture) (from landscape arquitecture) (from landscape arquitecture) (from landscape arquitecture) <ul><li>Survey </li></ul><ul><li>Asses (or Analyze) </li></ul><ul><li>Design </li></ul><ul><li>I mplement </li></ul><ul><li>M aintain (or Manage) </li></ul>Design frameworks

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OBREDIMET (from industrial engineering) <ul><li>O bserve, </li></ul><ul><li>B oundaries </li></ul><ul><li>R esources </li></ul><ul><li>E valuate (or Examine) </li></ul><ul><li>Design (choose strategies) </li></ul><ul><li>I mplement (strategies) </li></ul><ul><li>M aintain </li></ul><ul><li>E valuate </li></ul><ul><li>T weak </li></ul>Design Frameworks

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CEAP (from Permaculture) (from Permaculture) (from Permaculture) (from Permaculture) (from Permaculture) <ul><li>C ollect site information </li></ul><ul><li>E valuate the information </li></ul><ul><li>A pply permaculture principles and produce a design </li></ul><ul><li>P lan a schedule of implementation, maintenance, evaluation and tweaking </li></ul>Design Frameworks

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PRINCIPLES Ecology taken from the natural sciences: biology, chemistry, physics, etc. Attitude from our experience, philosophy, psychology, common sense, etc. Design from engineering, technical design architecture, IT, cybernetics, etc. M1 M3 M2

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13 Which design techniques have you used up to now? (describe)

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<ul><li>there are lots … </li></ul><ul><li>… choose those most suitable for your situation </li></ul>Design Techniques Design Methods Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories, Future Search & Design Visions Analytical Design Observation PASE (+ client interview) Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Connections Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or in Development Design by the application of principles Creation of Guilds & Associations Systems Engineering

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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FENG SUI the Five Forms the Five Energies the Five Animals the Correct place to live

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too high excessive wind dissipation of energy adequate place protected, with views to south, sunny too low, cold & humid, possible flooding the Correct place to live

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Christopher Alexander More than 250 different patterns to generate built environments that are more sustainable in all ways From a town center to a window Don't re-invent the wheel http://patternlanguage.com http://www.livingneighborhoods.org

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Ex: Schumacher College's ampliation project Using technical criteria on sustainability Using pattern language

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Métodos de diseño Planning for Real or Rapid Rural Appraisal

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DESIGN An integrated functional, & conscious process that takes into account ALL types of COMPONENTS

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PfR is a uniquely engaging ‘hands on’ process which, by using a 3D model as a focus, enables local people to put forward suggestions to “show” how an area can be improved, or to highlight specific problems.

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The 3D model is usually made by local residents, often children, on a scale of about 1:500, which means that details such as individual front doors are recognizable and familiar landmarks can be easily located . The model is lightweight and portable so it can easily be taken to the places where people naturally meet and gather.

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During the consultation exercise , the model is surrounded by ‘suggestion’ cards or flags , which have pictures on as well as words. Residents select cards, or write their own, and place these on the model to show what their needs are. These cards are colour-coded to enable people to see at a glance which are the main priorities and problems.

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Residents work in small groups , supported by the appropriate partner officer to review the 'suggestions' and decide priorities and possible options. This is achieved using NOW, SOON, LATER charts which enable residents to consider realistic timescales . Groups then develop an Action Plan by identifying the WHO and HOW, working together with experts and partners as appropriate.

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Rapid Rural Appraisal

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The tree of problems & solutions PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS ACTIVITIES CONSEQUENCES AIMS OBJECTIVES CAUSES CENTRAL PROBLEM

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Examples of Venn diagrams (done by communities in the zone of Río Blanco, Nicaragua)

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Example of an ordering by preference between 6 crops (done by a community in South Microcuenca, Managua)

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Calendar of the agricultural - animal cycle in the community of Huayallas, Bolivia

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Design Methods Future Histories Future Search & Vision Designs

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ORD ER CHA OS CONTROL DestructoCulture DestructoCulture PermaCulture caord Howard Odum - If a system receives more resource than that which it can use productively, the system falls in disorder. Bill Mollinson – forcing functions causes stress. Disorder consumes energy without benefit. << All type of facilitation is an attempt to reach this equilibrium

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Robert Fritz The Path of Least Resistance The Great Vision The future is not written! It has to be invented So better that it be well designed ... feet on the ground

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Transition Tales

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“ Manual of Effective Meetings” Andy Langford & Jane Hera In our e-book www.permaculturescience.org M1.3

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Analytic Methods SWOT = Analysis of the strong points, weak points, opportunities & challenges internal external Weaknesses Threats Strengths Opportunities

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SWOT ANALYSIS D A F O Weaknesses - little space - limited financial resources - differences: of available time, rhythms, of vision - inexperience - disorganization - low implication and responsibility Strengths -diverse group, vision, bound and with trust between members. -innovative and creative project, with potential. - Members already in collective culture and wishing to understand each other -external support, ease to integrate and create connections. Threats - internal conflicts - de-structuralization of rural area, not adaptation to the place -conflicts with the “external” system : Laws, government, council... - precarious situation - climate change and peak oil opportunities -innovative and transformative project that creates interest and external support. -increase in the demand of the services that we could provide. -climate change and peak oil - ¿?

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PMI = specify the Plus, Minus & Interesting aspects of a situation + - int. situation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Analytic Methods

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Needs Analysis = name each of the needs of an element & they way of satisfying them as locally as possible Analytic Methods

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Element Analysis = list the Needs, Products & Characteristics of the key elements of a design This will help us connect the needs of ones (inputs) with the products of others (outputs). The characteristics (or behaviors) help us know how an element can fit in different ways in the system (multiple functions) Analytic Methods

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Analytic Methods P lants A nimals (& people) S tructures E vents have want notes

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Deduction from Nature or Imitating Nature Design Methods

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Biomimicry what could nature teach us? http://www.biomimicryinstitute.org

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We study the forest structure and/or the climax Vegetation of the area Mimic nature

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• 1) TALL TREES • 2) LOWER TREES • 3) SHRUBS • 4) BUSHES • 5) HERBS • 6) TUBERS, ROOTS, FUNGI • 7) CLIMBING PLANTS The 7 Layers of the Forest: SHAPE AND/OR STRUCTURE OF AN EDIBLE FOREST

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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FlowBread decide to make bread unite ingredients oven, pans, spoon ... flour, yeast, oil, water, salt mix dry ingredients add oil, water + salt slowly is the consistency dry

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is the consistency sticky? put dough in pans pre-heat oven 200C leave to rise 20-30mins bake aprox 40-50mins put in oven FlowBread 2

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FlowBread

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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- meet their needs - Their products are used THE DESIGN Place elements ... - where they are best connected - The science of better relative location of components

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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Random Assembly Design Methods prepositions elements elements

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invent games!

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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OBSERVE & DESIGN FLOWS - FLOW studies - systemic thinking

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Systemic Flow Process - Design Yellow From 70 yrs PermaCulture - from 35 yrs Integrator, “system thinking”, holistic thinking everything affects everything

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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ZONES AND SECTORS PLANIFICATION (Energy Efficient planning)

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ZONES PLANIFICATION WE LOCATE ELEMENTS ACCORDING TO THEIR USABILITY OR THE FREQUENCY WITH WHICH WE NEED TO WORK ON THEM. WE PLACE CLOSER THOSE ITEMS THAT NEED MORE OFTEN OUR ATTENTION, WHILE WE PLACE FURTHER THOSE ELEMENTS WITH LESS NEED TO BE VISITED. ZONES ELECTION NUMBER OF VISITS WE NEED TO MAKE TO AN ELEMENT NUMBER OF VISITS AN ELEMENT NEEDS FROM US

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The boundaries between zones depend on many factors, including topography, visibility, access and sometimes may even not be very clear.

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IN THE MINIMUM OF SPACE AND DISTANCE. 1º. Perennials 3º. Annuals 2º. Self-reliant Water Heat Nutrients Avoid contamination PRODUCE MOST OF THE FOOD. LIBERATE NATURAL ZONES INCREASE EFFICIENCY. REDUCE WORK. ZONE 1 OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES Use and enhance microclimates Use of space in 3D Use everything that goes out of the house Start small (on the front door) House in the more Degraded area Plants

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¿WHAT DO WE PLACE IN ZONE I? INTENSIVE HOME GARDEN RAINWATER TANK SMALL DOMESTIC ANIMALS CULINARY HERBS RECYCLING AREA FUEL FOR THE HOUSE GREENHOUSE AND/OR HATCHERY A LEMON TREE

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A LESS INTENSIVE MANAGED ZONE. WHAT DO WE PLACE IN ZONE II? FRUIT TREES THAT NEED SOME CARE ONE HARVEST CROPS RANGING DOMESTIC ANIMALS FOREST GARDENS MAINCROPS LIKE: Corn, Cereals, potatos, onions.., WATER STORAGE PIPED FROM Z.3 ZONE II COMERCIAL VEGETABLES

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ZONE THAT WE VISIT VERY LITTLE WHAT DO WE PLACE IN ZONE III? PASTURE LANDS BIG ANIMALS (Cows, sheeps) LITTLE PRUNED TREES SELF-FORAGING SYSTEMS FOR ANIMALS WATER STORAGE ZONE III

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SEMI-MANAGED, SEMI-WILD ZONE WHAT DO WE PLACE IN ZONE IV? NATURAL FOREST FOR WOOD, MUSHROOMS,.. SILVICULTURE ZONE IV

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UNMANAGED ZONE, WILDERNESS HERE WE OBSERVE AND LEARN, WE ARE VISITORS IF THIS AREA DOESN'T EXIST IN OUR FARM, WE CAN INTERVENE TO CREATE IT INTRODUCING NATIVE VEGETATION ZONE V

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highly intensive use ZONE 1 ZONE 2 grains & vegetables chicken tractor zone & forage ZONE 2 ZONE 3 intensive fruit systems extensive food crops & forest garden ZONE 3 ZONE 4 vegetable gardens less intensive use self-foraging system for large animals herbs

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SOME FACTORS WHICH CHANGES IN ZONE PLANNING AS DISTANCE INCREASE

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WE CAN DESIGN ZONE V AS A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR

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SECTOR PLANIFICATION ENERGY FROM OUTSIDE FLOWS TROUGH THE PLACE, WE CAN DIVIDE IT IN SECTORS TO BLOCK OR FACILITATE THIS EXTERNAL ENERGY FOR OUR CONVENIENCE. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CARDINAL POINTS (NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST) WE WILL HAVE DIFFERENT SECTORS. • E – W: SUMMER SUN SECTOR AND WINTER SUN SECTOR (SMALLER :-)). • N: COLD WINTER WINDS SECTOR (Harmful) • S: HOT SUMMER WINDS, FIRE SECTOR. • SALTY WINDS SECTOR. • DESIRED OR UNDESIRED VIEWS SECTOR. • RISK OF FLOOD AREAS. • ACCESS.

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

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taking great care of small trees goats only when system mature

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based on time, resources, skills, visions, etc.

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2001

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How can I best serve ?

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2002

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Observing & learning leaving space for unknown

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2003

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Vision: permaculturing & only go where invited

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2004

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What does this system need from me? (that only I can give)

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2007

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Class2.9 PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? Design & Structures Pattern Language Planning for Real Future Histories Analytical Design PASE Observation Deduction from Nature Options & Decisions Data Overlays Random Assembly Flow Diagrams Zones & Sectors Incremental or Development

113.
Class 2.9 of the PDC+++ Which design techniques do I have at my disposal & how do I know when to apply them? PART 1 of 2 There are a great number of design methods & it is important to choose those that are best suited to your particular circumstances & objectives. In this class we look at some of those methods & talk about the criteria to take into account for their use.