A ppt on applications of 3D printers in construction industry. Can be taken as a seminar topic -

1. BY NITHIN N
(1AY11CT015)
8th SEM
GUIDE –
Ms. SIRISHA REDDY
Asst. Prof.
APPLICATIONS OF
3D Printers IN
CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

2. Contents
Details of
3D printing
Applications
Applications
in
construction
industry
Future
development
(Print a building)
Conclusion

3. Outline
 What is 3-d printing ?
 History
 How it works ?
 General principles
 Different methods of 3-d Printing
 APPLICATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References

4. Project Objectives

5. INTRODUCTION

6. What Is 3D Printing?
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing in
which components are fabricated in an additive
fashion by adding successive layers of material
together
It is also known as:
Rapid prototyping
Additive manufacturing

7. Additive Manufacturing:
 A process of making three dimensional solid objects
from a digital file (CAD model)
 The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using
additive processes
 In an additive process an object is created by laying
down successive layers of material until the entire
object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as
a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual
object

8. History
 The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Chuck Hull in 1984.
He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986

9. History
1986
• Hull coined the term Stereo lithography when he patented his new system
1992
• The first Stereolithographic Apparatus (SLA) is made by 3D Systems
1999
• The first ever 3D organ, a bladder, is created with the patient’s own cells. This means that there is little chance of the organ being
rejected by the body
2002
• A miniture kidney is created that can filter blood and produce diluted urine in an animal.
2006
• The Selective Laser Sintering machine is built and allows for mass customisation in manufacturing industrial parts
2008
• A prosthetic leg is created with a complex structure that requires no assembly. This opens the doorway to customized prosthetic
limbs. Revolution in technology by rooting of REPRAP concept
2009
• Innovative bioprinting company, Organovo, creates the first blood vessel to be bioprinted
2011
• Printing Service, I - materialize, starts offering 14K gold and sterling silver as a printable material.
2012
• Alternative 3D printing processes were introduced at the entry level of the market
2014
• New era of industrial revolution - Big firms started acquiring start-ups. Theoretical and practical structures were aimed at.

10. How 3D Printing Works
A person creates a 3D
image of an item using a
computer-aided design
(CAD) software program.
The CAD information is
sent to the printer.
The printer forms the item
by depositing the material
in layers—starting from
the bottom layer—onto a
platform. In some cases
light or lasers are used to
harden the material.

11. General Principles
• Modeling
• Printing
• Finishing

12. Modeling
 Additive manufacturing takes virtual blueprints from computer aided
design (CAD) or animation modeling software and "slices" them into digital
cross-sections for the machine to successively use as a guideline for printing
Printing
 To perform a print, the machine reads the design and lays down successive
layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the model from a series of
cross sections. These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections
from the CAD model, are joined together or automatically fused to create the
final shape.
 The primary advantage of this technique is its ability to create almost any shape
or geometric feature
Finishing
 Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications,
printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution,
and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can
achieve a higher-resolution

13. Different Methods
• Stereo lithography
• Selective laser sintering (SLS)
• Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
• Ink-Jet 3D printing

14. Stereo lithography
 Stereo lithography is a process for creating three-dimensional objects using a computer-
controlled laser to build the required structure, layer by layer. It does this by using a resin
known as liquid photopolymer that hardens when in contact with the air
Selective laser sintering (SLS)
 Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high
power laser to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic
or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape
Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
• Commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications.
• Here a hot thermoplastic is extruded from a temperature-controlled print head to produce
fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy.
Ink-Jet 3D Printing
 It creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder and inkjet printing
binder in the cross-section of the part.
 It is the most widely used 3-D Printing technology these days
 While all inkjet technologies can fundamentally be described as the digitally controlled
ejection of drops of fluid from a print head onto a substrate, this is accomplished in a
variety of ways.
 There are 2-types of print head for the generation of liquid drops
 Drop-On-Demand (DOD) and Continuous-Jet (CJ)

15. Stereo lithography SLS
FDM

16. Applications

17. Applications
 Apparel
 Education and research
 Art / AEC
 Rapid manufacturing
 Mass customization
 Automobiles
 Electric Motors and Generators
 Spaceflight
 Domestic use
 Medical

18. Applications

19. With nearly LIMITLESS applications,
Just think of the POSSIBILITIES…………

23. PRINT A BUILDING

25. CONTOUR CRAFTING

28. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Using Contour Crafting, Khoshnevis reports that he has created walls that are six feet high, by
adding layers of concrete six inches high and four inches thick. The walls have a compressive
stress of 10,000 pounds per square inch. This technology, Khoshnevis projects, will be able to
print a 2,500 square foot house in less than a day [1]
 A Dutch firm named Universe Architecture is planning on building a 12,000 square foot,
Möbius strip shaped home by 3D printing sections on-site and then assembling them. It plans
to use a printer capable of printing structures as large as 6 X 9 meters [2]
 Similarly, the Amsterdam-based firm Dus Artchitects is in the process of printing a
canal house [3]
 WinSun, unlike the innovators previously discussed, uses a massive printer – 490’ X
33’ X 20’ – to print pieces of houses in a factory and then assembles them on-site.
WinSun makes the houses using recycled construction material, industrial waste, and
tailings which are then reinforced with fiberglass. And, most impressively, WinSun has
printed ten houses in less than a day, each measuring 200 square meters and costing
less than $5,000. The company even constructed its own 10,000 square meter office
in a month using an assembly line of four 3D printers [4]

29. Steps needed to make the customer's building ready to print
Throughout the design project, the process of dividing a
building into printable parts was informally
referred to as chunking (i.e. converting into multiple chunks)

30. Process Flow Diagram of Printer

31. P
R
I
N
T
B
R
I
C
K
S

32. Assembly of printed columns in progress

33. Assembly of printed/precast slabs
Suitable solution to connect the walls

37. APPLICATIONS IN AEC

39. Interior elements

44. REFERENCES
 [1] A video of the Contour Crafter performing its basic operations may be
viewed here:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yv-IWdSdns, and the Contour
Crafting website may be viewed here: http://craft.usc.edu/CC/modem.html.
 [2] An article explaining Universe Architecture’s project may be accessed
at:http://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/20/dutch-architects-to-use-3d-printer-to-
build-a-house/. And, Universe Architecture’s website may be accessed
here: http://www.universearchitecture.com/.
 [3] Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2594234/The-3D-
printed-HOUSE-Technology-used-construct-entire-building-including-furniture-
Amsterdam.html#ixzz3WXL1ePwj
 [4] An article further describing WinSun’s process may be found
here:http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/04/15/how-a-chinese-
company-built-10-homes-in-24-hours/?mod=e2fb. And, a video may be found
here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObzNdyRTBs.

45. Questions..??