Agriculture is the backbone of India's economy. It provides livelihoods for millions of people and employs a large section of the population as cultivators and agricultural laborers. Some key crops grown in India include rice, wheat, maize, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber, and horticultural crops like mangoes, bananas, grapes, oranges, and apples. Farming in India can be classified as subsistence, intensive, or commercial depending on factors like land area used, type of inputs, and production levels. Crops are grown during three main seasons - Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid - which are determined by rainfall and temperature patterns in different regions

1. BACKBONE OF OUR COUNTRY
Agriculture in India

2. Definition of Agriculture
The Science of Cultivating Farming
Age Old economic activity in our
country
Raising of animals or the growing of
crops to obtain food.
The Set of Activities that transform
for the production of Animals and
Plants for Human Use.

3. History of Agriculture

4. Types of Farming
1. Simple Subsistence Farming
• Practised on small patches of
land
• Farming depends on monsoon,
soil and environmental
conditions.
• Slash and burn method
• Shifting Agriculture

5. 2. Intensive Farming
1. Farming
• Labour intensive Farming
• High doses of Biochemical
inputs and irrigation
• Higher Production

6. 2. Commercial Farming
High doses of Modern inputs
like
Chemical Fertilisers,
Insecticides and Pesticides
Rice is a Commercial Crop in
Haryana and Punjab
In India, tea, coffee, rubber,
sugarcane, banana, etc., are

7. Cropping Seasons
 Rabi Season
1. Sown in Winter
October to
December
2. Important Rabi
Crops
Wheat, Barley,
Peas, Gram and
Mustard.
3. Harvested in
Summer from

8. 2. Kharif Season
 Harvested in
September –
October
 Important Crops
Paddy, Maize,
Jowar, Bajra, Red
gram, green
gram, black gram,
urad, cotton, jute,
groundnut and
soyabean.

9. 3. Zaid Season
 Summer Months
 Between Rabi
and Kharif
seasons
 Some Important
crops
Watermelon,
Muskmelon,
Cucumber,
Vegetables and

10. Major Crops
1. Paddy
 India is 2nd largest
producer in the
world
 Temperature(>25°
C)
 High Humidity
 Rainfall above
100cm

11. 2. Wheat
 Cereal Crop
 Rabi Crop
 Rainfall(50 to
75cm)
 Wheat Producing
states are Punjab,
Haryana, UP,
Bihar, Rajasthan,
parts of Madhya
Pradesh

12. 3.Maize
 Temperature
(21°C to 27°C)
 Grows well in Old
alluvial soil
 Karnataka, UP,
Bihar, Telangana,
Andhra Pradesh
and Madhya
Pradesh maize
producing states.

13. Non Food Crops
1. Rubber
 Rainfall (above
200cm)
 Temperature
(25°C)
 Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka
and Andaman
and Nicobar
Islands and Garo

14. 2. Fibre Crops
 Cotton, Jute and
Natural Silk are 3
major fibre crops.
 Cotton, Jute
grown in Soil
 Silk from cocoons
of silkworms.

15. Horticulture Crops
 Mangoes
(Maharashtra,
Telangana,
AndhraPradesh,
UP and West
Bengal)
 Oranges
(Nagpur,
Cherrapunjee
(Meghalaya))

16. Horticulture Crops
 Bananas (Kerala,
Mizoram,
Maharashtra and
Tamil Nadu)
 Lichi and Guava
(UP and Bihar)
 Pineapples
(Meghalaya)

17. Horticulture Crops
 Grapes
(Telangana,
Andhra Pradesh
and Maharashtra)
 Apples, Pears,
Apricots and
Walnuts (Jammu
and Kashmir &
Himachal
Pradesh)

18. Importance of Agriculture
 Agriculture is
Livelihood for
Millions
 It Gives Employment
to a large section of
people
 Agriculutral
labourers and
Cultivators do
farming
 Therefore “Farmer
is the Backbone of