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Science Time!

Microscope: Parts and
Function
Presented by:
Ms. Niña Angela Piedad - Cate

Learning Objectives:
Define Microscopy
Trace the History of the Microscope
 Identify and label the parts of microscope
Distinguish the magnifying, illuminating and
mechanical parts of the microscope
State the importance of microscope in our present
situation

MICROSCOPY
the technical field of using microscopes to
view objects and areas of objects that cannot
be seen with the naked eye (objects that are
not within the resolution range of the normal
eye).

Matchy! Matchy!
1590’s
1660’s
1670’s
1931
Ernst
Ruska
and Max
Knowll
Robert
Hooke
Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek
Zacharias
and Hans
Jansen

Activity # 1: Study the letter-maze below. Look for the six
parts of the microscope hidden on the letter-maze.

What Do You Think?
Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye?
If not, how can they be seen?
Why is the microscope important to the study of
Biology?

MICROSCOPE
micron – small +
skopein – to look up
 optical instrument that
uses lens or a combination
of lenses used for viewing
small objects not visible to
the naked eye.

THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE
MICROSCOPE

MAGNIFYING PARTS
Use to see and enlarge specimen
Includes:
 Eyepiece/ocular- allows you to
look through and observe the
enlarge image of the object
Objective Lenses - magnify the
image and responsible for quality
of the image

THREE TYPES OF OBJECTIVES
 Low-power objective lens - shorter
than the other objectives and
magnifies about 10x. Its function is
to locate and show the outline of
the specimen
 High-power objective lens – long
and slender and magnifies about
40x or 60x. It shows the detailed
structure of the specimen
 Oil Immersion objective lens – may
be long or short. Usually marked 99x
or 100x. Cedar oil is used on the
outside lens to show the specimen
very well

ILLUMINATING PARTS
 Used to supply light to the
slide on the stage
 Includes:
 Diaphragm - which
controls the passing of light
in the opening of the stage
Mirror or an electric
lamp/light bulb - used to
provide light on the object
and help focuses it.

MECHANICAL PARTS
 Used to support and operate the parts
 Includes:
course adjustment knob- which is used
to move the tube and the objective
lenses closer or farther away from the
stage to view the image of the object,
use to focus the LPO.
fine adjustment knob- which moves the
stage up and down and brings the
image of the object into fine focus
producing a clearer and more detailed
view of the object.

MECHANICAL PARTS
 STAGE – Place where the specimen is
mounted
 Stage Clip- hold the slide in place
 Arm - the part of
the microscope that connects the
eyepiece tube to the base.
 Base – Used to anchor the
microscope firmly on the table
 Revolving nosepiece - allows proper
position the objectives lenses.
 Body Tube - holds the eyepiece and
the revolving nosepiece in place.

MECHANICAL PARTS
 Inclination joint - permits the upper
part of the microscope to be tipped
back.

Aside from knowing about the essentials of the
microscope and its functions, it is also important to learn
and practice how to take good care of this instrument. You
should always follow the guidelines on how to maintain the
good working condition of the microscope. If you are given
the opportunity to use it, handle it properly and clean its
parts using the appropriate materials. Return it to its proper
casing and store it in a clean and dry storage cabinet away
from laboratory chemicals.

How to Clean and Keep the Microscope
Gently wipe the lens with lens paper
Replace the cover of the microscope after use
Clean and inspect the microscope before and after use
Always carry the microscope with one hand supporting
the base and the other hand around the arm

Read the following situations. Identify the part and the
function of the microscope mentioned in each situation.

In this time of CoVID19 Pandemic, how
useful is the microscope in detecting the
viruses? What kind of microscope is
being used in studying this kind of virus?

1. It is held together, together with the base, when
carrying the microscope
a. Stage
b. Arm
c. Body tube
d. Objective lens

2. This part is where you place the specimen
a. Stage
b. Eyepiece
c. Objective lens
d. Stage clips

Which of the following would you use to study plant cell
a. Kaleidoscope
b. Microscope
c. Telescope
d. Stethoscope

Which two parts of microscope magnify the image of an
object?
a.Eyepiece and mirror
b.Objective lens and mirror
c. Eyepiece and Objectives
d.Objectives and Diaphragm

Which of these part functions as magnifying part?
a.Base
b.Adjustment knob
c. Mirror
d.Ocular eyepiece

Thank you for
Listening!
Happy Learning 