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1. Importance of sound
recording and editing

2. Sound editing- Film/TV
Clip example- Quiet Place- https://youtu.be/WnozP8OWeik Clip example- Coronation street- https://youtu.be/cPlb7XgF2N0 Clip example- Sci-Fi- https://youtu.be/JgSxn-TLrCM
Clip example- Interview with Edge- https://youtu.be/tHGHJz26qqQ Clip example- example of quiet sound- https://youtu.be/02ONClNXqiQ
Clip example- example of bleeping-https://youtu.be/wkSYGykMiwE Clip example- Changing order of speech-https://youtu.be/F10rFn7k3EE
Sounds are used in everyday products like films. In quiet place they Zap grapes with a Taser to create a sound the creatures use to locate people. Obviously its not just the
raw sound of zapping grapes. They slow it down and clean it up, this is important as when making this sound it has to be not flawed and perfect as this will be a sound used
repetitively through out the film. This will be considered more often in interviews. It will be Cutting out the interviewer asking the questions as since it is a full take of an
interview, it will get boring and uninteresting so you have to cut it out. So it is a talking Head interview. Also you have to compress and summaries sound recording to fit a
specific space. This is typical with TV programmes as they all have running to adhere to to keep the schedule. As you can see in the Coronation street clip its 12-13 minute
sections separated by adverts to fit the half an hour show. Therefore any sounds used have been chopped to fit the space. You also got to consider to enable recorded speech
to remain legal. If the audio is not loud or too loud it will not pass the QC to make it legal for TV. The clip I showed you is an example of that. It will have to be edited to
make legal. We also have To ensure any in decent or inappropriate language is edited out. As in the clip labeled bleeping, you can see that a sound has been edited in so you
cannot hear the swear word. They do this for shows before 9 o’clock to keep children from learning these words from television. They do request for you not to swear in
interviews to be able to avoid putting the Censor noise in the show. Another piece of sound editing is changing the order you hear it in to change the chronological order of the
speech. The interview in the clip shown above is a great example of how an interview has been manipulated to make the documentary film maker, Michael Moore, put across
his point by manipulating the edit. Using these edits are vital to making a project make sense as sometimes it is easier to record sounds separate to visuals of clips. Ambient
sound is used to create effect and add tension to scenes. It is used a lot in Sci-Fi films. Reason for that is that it’s easy to put mostly any noise in and explain it. In space you
will hear the atmosphere or there will be a strange sound of wind and it will create tension in the scene.

3. Editing factual content
Clip example- Blue planet- https://youtu.be/TPYxbMvgR30- 26:22
In the blue planet clip they edit the sound of the fish moving as one by created their own sound and adding the reason they do this is because the sound quality under water would not suite
the documentary so they added this for the factual content. Also doesn't’t effect the original sound as it is what it probably what it sounds like anyways. The reason they do this is so the
documentary can keep the audio clean and for it to go with Attenborough voice. It does this as the Foley sound sounds similar to what you would imagine it would sound like. So it is still
factual just added for clean documentary.
Clip example- Arnold’s view on politics-https://youtu.be/OX5qbuAGOM4
Ethical editing of the factual material to retain the essence of the spoken word is used here in Arnolds interview as because of the topic he is talking about politics they will be doing a long
interview to try and get as much content as they can for the production. They will cut out the boring/ uninteresting points but what they cannot do is edit so lets say he says ”I hate
politics”. He will justify that point after that so you cannot cut out that part as its unethical and makes it un factual so when editing the sound for this interview they make sure his points
are justified and do just get rid of the boring parts.
Clip example- Prison break escape the tunnel scene-https://youtu.be/YxWFYjvuGtk
If you listen to the ambient sound its ticking music to make it look like they are in a hurry. As they are escaping from the tunnel it cuts to the police officer getting the tape of his mouth.
The ticking sound stops and gets you to focus on that sound. It does this again when it gets too him screaming the music changes in between cuts. The reason they do this is to get you to
focus on certain buts of background noise and dialogue but keep the tempo up with the scenes
Clip example- Volley ball interview-https://youtu.be/eB5ZlLfJLVs
As you can see in this clip the sound has to be edited of the background noise as the location they are in is very noisy, with it being a volley ball arena filled with people there will be noises
echoing everywhere so sound editing will have to cut this out. Furthermore there is going to be problem when recording when it is windy so sound editing is used to make the speaker clearer
and that all you can hear is not just wind. The studio presenter dialogue is clean and is made sure you can hear the question being said but some background noise is left in so the continuity
of the production is still their.
Clip example-John Greives documentary-https://youtu.be/RUOiTNnNFvI
This documentary shows Britain's north sea herrin. The sound in the background is just light pianos being played in the background as the story is shown on screen back In these days sound
editing was only invented in films 2 years ago in 1927. This was retaining the original intention and resisting the desire to introduce misrepresentation for the sake of continuity and polish.
He did not add sound effects or care about the way it flowed he just wanted to tell the story and he did.

4. Editing fictional content
Clip- Star wars sound editing- https://youtu.be/5ogCVi0WqrQ
In star wars editing of sound is used in creative way to create a dramatic sound that is acceptable to the director. An example would be they recorded an actual plane flying by with an microphone and then
turned up the pitch for the smaller aircrafts. Another creative use of sound editing was mixing a musical instrument sounds of percussion and raw footage from the factory and blended it together for
dramatic effect. To create species noises they spoke English and talked through a piece of paper to make a buzzy noise, they changed the speed with creative editing so it was fast and would create a
creature noise of a fly.
Clip- Quiet place basement scene- https://youtu.be/J9_0f4WgGZs
In quiet place the basement scene, the background track used for this is orchestra edited with a close up hearing of the strings to create a dramatic effect. The editor has to time the sound with the cuts
otherwise it takes away the dramatic effect it has on the audience. Reason it does as if you don’t place the pitch of the orchestra background in perfect then it wont work as it will go high pitch at the
wrong points and low as well. You have to time it right otherwise it does not create tension for the audience.
Clip- The white violin umbrella academy- https://youtu.be/rjCwn19GE1o
The white violinist is playing her violin and with this the Foley of it is playing showing the narrative of everything that has happened from the past to present showing that how she with the violin actually
had powers all this time but just did not know it. This applies the necessary level of creative story telling by, Showing flashbacks of all the scenes and with the violin in the background. It represents her
powers and her background story and while doing this they unveil the whole plot, plus all the mystery has to do with the person you thought that was powerless.
Clip- escape plan (escape scene)- https://youtu.be/ZUbwL3wwHr4
As you can see this is a prison and this right here is an explanation of how he escaped. As he go through through it. It’s a flashback so they added dramatic music in the background but as they did this they
kept ambient sound happening in the prison in the audio mix. They did this editing and matching to fit the directors needs. They use the sound too also create a prison vibe to the scene.
Clip- Terminator fight scene-https://youtu.be/7ae3ej_EWL4
In this fight scene the use of sound in transition between sound is smart. This is because when he is thrown you can still hear fighting in the background as well as the terminator in the background. It is
relevant as even though you cant see what’s going on you will just assume that’s what will be happening. It tells a different story in the background and with smart editing they will be using a fade tool to
prove it’s happening in the background. Also a good use of sound effect are being used with this being the terminator it will be very loud and gruesome foley sounds used.
Clip- 22 jump street helicopter scene-https://youtu.be/YB1bCMmDg40
In this clip they jump from a helicopter and are flying while this scene is being recorded so you couldn't really imagine someone with a boom mike recording here so what they did was dub the scene with the
actor obviously doing this they would have to change the sound and edited it over so its perfect. Then in the scene when they jump and the actor says “something cool” it is slowed down with the scene to
create non continuity it is great use of sound editing.

5. Learning Aim B- equipment, technique and
procedures usage for recorded digital sound.
The equipment we use is mac’s logic pro. With my experience using the software it is simple to use and sound editing has many ways to
manipulate it on the software. From just shortening the sound recording to changing the frequency and tempo of the sound. There is a few
techniques you can use, one of them is the use of the bus technique. This editing technique is used to make it sound like your in a
different are like a large hallway would have a huge eco. It is used for ambient sound, for example I used it to make it sound like I was in
an office as that’s where the scene was. You would use this for scenes in a film like if its in space maybe you want the sound to sound like
it’s a little more deep. You would use this.
This right here is the Fade tool. This fade technique is used when you want a sound you recorded to come in more naturally I used it for
running footsteps. Basically someone shouts for their worker and he comes running towards the door, so I use the fade tool too make it
louder and louder as he gets closer so it makes sense. Also in films they use this for background music as they like to fade out for
dialogue and ambient sounds used. Fading is one of the more popular techniques used for sound. It is used in all sorts of films and edits
but most importantly if it is used correctly you create good continuity for your project.
This is the pan tool this is not really used often in film but basically what It is used for is too make a sound go for one
earphone/headphone to the other. This is for a more realistic sound of what's going on and splitting dialogue and background sound for
effect. It is used a lot in music more than anything with splitting drums and guitars. What I used it for was to make the footsteps go from
the left ear to the right ear. I was messing on trying to balance that with the fade tool. Overall this tool isn't that popular but is still used
in the sound editing industry.

6. Learning Aim B- equipment, technique and
procedures usage for recorded digital sound.
This separate sections I labeled after each of the actors we were recording for. This is what we used to keep the clips in order in logic pro
so that we could have a smooth edit of the sounds. You may also just use it to keep separate sound tracks apart so they don’t get
confused or mixed up. Also it means you can play sounds at the same time and change the audio gain and fade it in. I used a door opening
as someone was speaking by using this technique to create an interruption and a effect which you could only use by separating the tracks
and editing them properly.
This is the scissors tool and is used to cut up pieces of recorded audio and move them around this will be used loads in the film industry and other
projects and cutting audio is key for when there is dialogue or unneeded sound in the recording. I used this in my recording when there was this
door Foley sound I found online of it opening and shutting. I did not need the shutting sound so I used the scissors to cut that part out and kept
what I wanted.

7. Overall explanation of technique and
procedures usage for recorded digital sound
Overall I feel logic pro is a great editing software to use from my experience I feel this way as you can use many techniques from panning to fading
and changing the tempo of sound. I believe that it is great for being careful and keeping all your work saved and is well organized as you can label all
your sound/ dialogue you have edited. The procedure I use to sort my sound files out is to put it on one section that is labeled so it does not get lost
as that’s the procedure then I will play it and see what needs editing and if like my old project I was working on. I would add a bus technique
changing the ambient sound to an office theme by doing this the software makes it so much easier as there are sounds already installed on it. Also
have to make sure it all runs smoothly and shorten and cut out with the scissor tool. Also when I import my own sounds it is best of downloading it on
a safe file and importing by dragging the sound over. Labelling and logging your work is very important as you want to know where your sounds are
and how you changed them otherwise your project will be very unorganised and you will not be able to produce your project to the highest quality. If
a video is unwanted it is best off you delete it but not fully because you want to save some mistakes just in case you want some of the sound.
Keyboard shortcuts are very important. With using keyboard shortcuts you can do the work done quicker. Checking for errors in your sound clips is
important as when you are moving your named sound clips you want to make sure they are actually finished. You don’t want any unneeded
background noises or mistakes so making sure you play your clip through earphones and through speaker for any panning issue as well. For
downloading content I would either recommend YouTube free sounds and music but also BBC Foley sounds, reason for this that it is easy to import
and they are all free from copyright so you can use them for your projects. There are some equipment you can use with mac’s but most of it is
digital now but there is a keyboard and mouse which is the most used ancillary equipment as you need them they are essential just for using the
mac. Some keyboard shortcuts used are ’R’ which is for record and you use the space bar to play/pause. More keyboard shortcuts are M for mute
track and S for solo track. These are the more basic shortcuts in Logic pro. They are not just random as the letter used is the first letter of the
action your doing, as example R for record and S for solo track. There are more complicated shortcuts for the complicated techniques like, ‘CMD + V’
this is paste but you have to use for than one key to use this technique. Overall I think that key board shortcuts are very important when it comes to
using logic pro as it saves a lot of time while your editing and can help you make tight deadlines. Some editing software are only compatible with
certain equipment/computers. As example you can only use Logic X pro with a mac. Which is what I use personally. Other software that can be used
for all equipment is Pro tools, Audacity and Adobe Audition. The benefits from using on of these is that it will be easily transferable and you cant
lose your work. In my opinion though Logic pro is easier to use than the other software's through my experience.

8. Overall explanation of technique and
procedures usage for recorded digital sound
Sound editing techniques
The clips you select to be edited. Need to be your own content or be used in a sound library/licensed. Using this has a few pros and cons. One pro is
that you can use content like BBC free sounds and YouTube sound cloud, these are very good for your sound library and are easy to transfer to
different software's a con to this is that recording your own sound can be quite difficult. Especially if your looking for something pacific. Also the
editing will take a lot longer as you will have to make sure your recorded sound is perfect. Also uploading through a sound library and storage is quite
unreliable so be careful. Cutting and pasting is also very important when it comes to sound editing, cutting to the beat is a necessary tool. When it
comes to cutting to the beat it is imperative to consider the following: volume; the pitch; and the length of the sound and to make it matches with
the beat. but if your doing it with visuals you have to time it right. Otherwise it'll sound off and random and will not have the desired effect. Graphic
manipulation of volume and pan. There are certain ways you can use these techniques. They are used as in changing the volume for certain scenes
and in music they make some parts louder than others when it actually mean something to the product. As example they might try and switch your
focus up between the music and the speech. If the scene is in a tunnel you might increase the audio gain and give it an echo sound change with the
bus technique. There are 3 controllers you use for the editing software they are: Mouse and keyboard. Both of them are very important to using the
software. The pros of using a mouse it that you are more in control and also easier to organize and move around your sounds. Negative is that it
takes a lot longer and mis clicking can lead in result of losing your work and not being able to retrieve it. Keyboard on the other hand, you can use
shortcuts. With these shortcuts you can get your work done quicker and more efficiently. The cons of it is that you don’t have much control of
placement of your clips and are not able to organize them well. Use of breathing and creating space in clips is important so the clips don’t sound
jumped or to make it look like it was recorded separate from the visuals. It is supposed to sound natural. Another way making this sound natural is to
cut out the background sound. You do this so you can focus on the actor speaking or to focus on the Foley sound being used. No matter what you
record thre will always be background noise that you need to prevent making the final cut. Making multiple saves in different storages is vital.
Reason is you don’t want to lose your work, if one of your file corrupts all your effort is wasted. Plus saving it in multiple places means you can
access it on more devices. So you are not limited on where you do your work. Having multiple screens will help you drag over Foley sounds and view
your clips at the same time having 2 screens will really improve your progress.

9. Overall explanation of technique and
procedures usage for recorded digital sound
Listening to recordings before editing is vital. This is because you have to plan how you are going to change the clip. This also stops mistakes early
on the recording stage as if your first clip wasn't recorded properly it stops every clip being like that. There might be one of these problems in your
clips: errors; omissions; sound level issues; faults and poor recordings. All these problems can be sorted belong as you check every clip and plan you
should be fine. Also naming the clips before editing makes them easier to find and know what you have to edit. Logging procedures are important to
do as taking notes while making edits to the clip helps you remember what you done to the clip. Colour coding the clips and naming the ones that
require attention or don’t. It is important that you import your clips into the correct software in the right formats as it can effect the sound quality.
Using keyboard shortcuts is good for time but you have to be careful incase there are any mistakes. You should always name your clips so you wont
lose them. Makes them easier to access and get your work done quicker. It is important to review your clip when you are done editing to make sure
your clip is exactly how your wanting it to sound like. Also adding multiple edits might change more than you can see, so you have to check just
incase the sound is off. Inserting start and finish editing points is important so you don’t delete any audio you need/leave any unwanted audio in
your final product. Deleting unwanted audio is also important as you don’t want it to linger in your work and you want it gone as soon as possible.
Normalizing the audio is vital as you need to keep all your sound consistent. Tuning the quiet audio to the louder audio so it doesn’t sound like it has
been recorded separate. Also when it comes to adding Foley it can’t sound out of place but tuned and faded with the audio you recorded.