Types of Transmission as possible as give In details

1. Welcome

2. Prepared by
Nileshkumar Mishra
Enrollment no:- 1723009011
Engineering :- Mechanical Engineering
Subject:- Internal Combustion Engine(I.C.E)
Guidance By
Prof Shyam Gupta
(Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department )
SWARIM STARTUP & INNOVATION UNIVERSITY
AT-BHOYANRATHOD,GANDHINAGAR

3. Presentation
on
Types of Transmission system

4. WHAT IS TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM??
• The Mechanism that transmits the power
developed by the engine of the automobile to the
driving wheel is called the transmission system (or
Power Train)
• The word ‘Transmission’ means the whole of the
mechanism that transmits the power from the
engine crankshaft to the rear wheels, providing the
suitable variations of the engine torque at the road
wheels, whenever required.

5. COMPONENTS OF
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

6. PRINCIPLES OF
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• The torque produced by a petrol or diesel engine is
not maximum at the start.
• It increases with increases of speed until at about
50 to 60% of the engine speed providing maximum
H.P., maximum torque value is reached.
• In this case, some means must be used to increase
or multiply the engine torque for starting vehicles
from rest.

7. PRINCIPLES OF
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• Transmission means should provided usually a
starting torque of about 13 to 15 times that of
engine required at the road wheels when the clutch
is engaged because the engine power is a function
of torque and it’s speed.
• Therefore for a constant power output torque
varies inversely with torque.
Power = 2 π N T/ 60000 k
For constant Power, T α 1/N

8. PURPOSE OF TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM
• It enables engine to be disconnected from the running driving
wheels.
• It enables the running engine to be connected to the driving
wheel smoothly.
• It enables the driving wheels to be driven at different speeds.
• It enables turning of the drive round through 90 degree.
• It enables the reduction of engine speed in the ratio of 4:1
incase of passenger car and in a greater ratio incase of lorries.
• It enables leverage between engine and wheels to be varied

9. Requirement of transmission
system
• To provide for disconnecting the engine from the driving
wheels
• When engine is running , connect the driving wheels to
engine smoothly without shock
• Leverage between engine and driving wheels to be varied
• Enable the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds.
• Provide relative movement between engine and riving
wheels
• To provide high torque at the time of starting the engine,
hill climbing and accelerating

10. Transmission System - Layout

11. TYPES OF TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM
Fully automatic Transmission
Semi-Automatic Transmission
Continuously Variable Transmission
Manual transmission.

12. Automatic Transmission
• Automatic transmission is a type of motor vehicle transmission
that can automatically change the gear ratios as the vehicle
moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually
• An automatic transmission can automatically change gear
ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to
shift gears manually.
• The most popular form found in automobiles is the hydraulic
automatic transmission.
• This system uses a fluid coupling in place of a friction clutch,
and accomplishes gear changes by locking and unlocking a
system of planetary gears.

13. Automatic transmission
• Torque Converter : A type of fluid coupling,
hydraulically connecting the engine to the
transmission. This takes the place of a friction
clutch in a clutch in a manual transmission. It
transmits and decouples the engine the engine
power to the planetary gears, allowing the vehicle
to come to vehicle to come to stop with the engine
still running without stalling.

14. Continuously Variable Transmission
• CVT provides infinite number of gear ratios
(between a minimum & a maximum).
• Shifts automatically with an infinite number of
ratios
• Seamless power delivery
• no torque interruption & power loss

15. Manual transmission
Components of Manual Transmission
Clutch
Gearbox
Differential

16. What is a clutch
• It is a device which carries a power form engine to
drive wheel through shafts.
• It is located between flywheel and gearbox

17. Construction of clutch
DIAPHRAGM CLUTCH

18. How it's work
• Engaged

19. • When the clutch is engaged (Means when you not
pressed clutch pedal), the clutch plate is gripped
between the flywheel and pressure plate.
• The friction linings are on both the sides of the clutch
plate. The clutch plate revolves the flywheel because
of the friction between the flywheel, clutch plate and
the pressure plate.
• The clutch shaft also revolves with clutch plate. Clutch
shaft is connected to the transmission gearbox. Now,
the engine power is transmitted to the crankshaft and
then to the clutch shaft and gearbox.
• Clutch always engaged due to the spring forces.

20. Disengaged

21. • When the clutch is disengaged (Means when you
pressed clutch pedal), the pressure plate moves back
against the force of the springs, and the clutch plate
becomes free between the flywheel and the pressure
plate.
• The Flywheel always rotating with crankshaft. Then,
Clutch shaft speed reduces slowly and stops rotating.

22. Types of
Clutches

23. 1:- Single plate clutch

24. • Single plate clutch is the most common type of
clutch plate used in automobiles. It consists only
one clutch plate which is mounted on the splines of
the clutch plate. The Flywheel is mounted on the
engine crankshaft and rotates with it.

25. Working Principle
• The pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel
through clutch springs and is free to slide (Move)
on the clutch shaft when the clutch pedal is
operated (Engage and Disengage).

26. Advantage and disadvantag
• Single Plate Clutch is not
expensive.
• It has little maintenance.
• Gear shifting is easier
compare to cone clutch
because pedal movement
is less.
• Single Plate Clutch is more
reliable because it does’t
suffer from disadvantages
of binding of cone.
• Greater force required
to disengage because
the springs have to be
more stiff.

27. Applications
• Single plate clutches are used in trucks, buses, and
cars etc.
• Single plate clutches used where large radial space
is available.
• As sufficient surface area is available for the heat
dissipation in Single plate clutches, no cooling oil is
required. Therefore, single plate clutches are dry
type.

28. 2:-Multi plate clutch

29. • Multi-Plate Clutch consists of a number of clutch
plates instead of only one clutch plate like in the
Single plate clutch.
• Friction surface also increased because of a number
of clutch plates. Because of a number of friction
surfaces, The capacity of the clutch to transmit
torque is also increased.

30. Working Principle
• The plates are alternately fitted to the engine
crankshaft and gearbox shaft. They are firmly
pressed by strong coil springs and assembled in a
drum type casing.
• Each of the alternate clutch plate slides on the
grooves on the flywheel and the other slides on
splines on the pressure plate. Thus, each alternate
clutch plate has inner and outer splines.

31. • The working of Multi-plate clutch is the same as a
single plate clutch by operating the clutch pedal.
• The pressure plate rotates with the flywheel and It
press against the friction plate.
• This forces the clutch plate and clutch shaft as well.
• When the clutch pedal is pressed, The clutch plates
are released and flywheel still rotating because
they are not fully pressed by the pressure plate.
Thus clutch shaft also stops rotating.

32. Types of Multi-Plate Clutch
• Multi-Plate Clutches are two types. These clutches are used in
automatic transmission.
• Multi-Plate wet Clutch When the clutch is operated in an oil
bath, it is called a wet clutch. In this clutch plate, Thin plates of
steel fitted to engine shaft (means drive shaft) and phosphor
Bronze plates are fitted to the clutch shaft (means driven
shaft). Multi-plate clutch has grooved surfaces for allowing the
oil to flow through them. These grooves decrease heat
generated when engage and disengage operations.
• Multi-Plate dry Clutch When the clutch is operated dry it is
called dry clutch. This clutch has plates with friction material
the same as in single plate clutch.

33. Advantages and disadvantage
• Multi-plate clutch transmits
high torque because of the
number of friction surfaces.
• The overall diameter of Multi-
plate clutch is reduced compare
to the single plate clutch and
transmit the same torque.
• It is used in heavy vehicle and
racing cars to transmit high
torque.
• It is used in two wheelers
where there is a limitation of
space.
• Multi-plate clutches are
too expensive.
• Multi-plate clutches are
heavy.

34. Applications
• The multi-plate clutches are used in racing cars, and
motorcycles.
• The multi-plate clutch is used in heavy commercial
vehicles to transmit high torque

35. 3:-Cone clutch
Cone Clutch having friction
surfaces in the form of a cone.
The engine crankshaft
• consists of a female cone. The
male cone is mounted on the
splined clutch shaft. Cone
clutch has friction surfaces on
the conical portion. The male
cone can easily slide on the
clutch shaft.

36. Working principle
• When the clutch is engaged (When the clutch pedal
is not pressed) the friction surfaces of the male
cone are in contact with the female cone due to the
force of the spring. The power is transmitted from
engine to transmission.
• When the clutch is disengaged (When the clutch
pedal is pressed) the male cone slides against the
spring force. Now, the power does not transmit
from the engine.

37. Advantage and disadvantage
• The normal force acting
on the friction surfaces
is greater than the axial
force. Like in Single
plate clutch, the normal
force acting on the
friction surfaces is
equal to the axial force.
• The main disadvantage
of Cone clutch is If the
angle of the cone is
made smaller than 200
the male cone tends to
bind in the female cone
and it becomes difficult
to disengage the clutch.
•

38. Application
• Cone clutch is used in low peripheral speed
applications.
• Cone clutch is common in automobiles and other
combustion engine transmissions.
• It is also used in very specialist transmissions in
racing, rallying, or in extreme off-road vehicles.
• Cone clutches are used in power boats.
• Small cone clutches are used in synchronizer
mechanisms in manual transmissions.

39. 4:-Electromagnetic clutch

40. 5:- Centrifugal clutch

41. • Centrifugal Clutch uses centrifugal force instead of
spring force. This clutch is always in engaged
position. And it does not have a clutch pedal to
operate it. Centrifugal clutch is automatically
operated with engine speed.
• The vehicle can be stopped in gear without stalling
(stop running) the engine. And also the gear can be
started in any gear by pressing the accelerator
pedal.

42. Working Principle
A centrifugal clutch works on centrifugal force. One
side of clutch connected to the engine crankshaft
and other side connected to gearbox shaft, chain, or
belt.
As engine R.P.M. (Revolutions Per Minute) increases,
weighted arms in the clutch swing outward and force
the clutch to engage position
The most common Centrifugal Clutches have friction
pads or shoes radially mounted that engage the
inside of the rim of the housing

43. Working of Centrifugal Clutch
• On the center shaft (Driving or input shaft) there
are an assorted amount of extension springs, which
connect to a clutch shoe. When the center shaft
(Driving shaft) spins fast enough, the springs extend
causing the clutch shoes to engage the friction face.
• It can be compared to a drum brake in reverse
order. The weighted arms force these disks
together and engage the clutch and power
transmitted.

44. • When the engine shaft reaches a certain RPM (Revolutions Per
Minute), the clutch activates, working almost like a
continuously variable transmission. As the load increases the
R.P.M. drops thereby disengaging the clutch and letting the
RPM rise again and reengaging the clutch.
• If tuned properly, the clutch will tend to keep the engine at or
near the torque peak of the engine.
• These results in a fair bit of waste heat, but over a broad range
of speeds it is much more useful than a direct drive in many
applications like mopeds and go-karts etc. Weaker spring or
heavier shoes will cause the clutch to engage at a lower R.P.M.
while a stronger spring or lighter shoes will cause the clutch to
engage at a higher R.P.M.

45. Advantage and disadvantage
• Centrifugal Clutch has
less maintenance.
• It is not expensive.
• It does not need clutch
pedal because it’s
automatic.
• It helps to prevent the
engine from stalling
(stop running).
• Due to slipping and friction,
There is a loss of power.
• It does not transfer a high
amount of power because
Centrifugal clutch shoes slip
in heavy load condition.
• It causes overheating
problems.
• Its engagement and
disengagements depend
upon the speed of the
driving shaft.

46. Applications
• The centrifugal clutch is mainly used in mopeds and
go-karts.
• It is also used in mini bikes, chainsaw, and lawn
mowers etc.
• It is used in boats and paramotors to keep the
engine running during stalling (stop running) and
disengage loads during starting and idling.

47. Gearbox

49. Gear ratio
It is the ratio of the no. of teeth on the driven wheel
to no. of teeth on the driver wheel or the speed of
rotation of the driver to the driven .
• For example: Gear ratio:
G=(20/10)=2:1 (smaller gear is the driver)

50. Types of gearbox
Constant mesh type
Synchromesh type
Sliding mesh type

51. 1:-Constant mesh type

52. DOG GEAR

53. 2:-Synchromesh type

54. 3:-Sliding mesh type

55. Sliding mesh
• Oldest and the simplest type of transmission
• Spur gears were used
• Main shaft gears splined to the main shaft
• Gear shift is achieved by sliding the gears on
• main shaft
• Low mechanical efficiency
• Noisy operation

56. Constant mesh
• The gears on the main shaft and lay shaft are In
constant mesh
• Main shaft gears are free to rotate
• Gear engagement is achieved by dog clutches
splined to the main shaft
• Helical gears are used

57. Synchro mesh
• Gears are in constant mesh
• Instead of dog clutch synchroniser unit is used
• Each pair of gear has one synchroniser unit
• Gears are first brought into frictional contact which
equalizes their speed after which the actual
engagement takes place

58. Differential
• Differential is a mechanism
which provide different speed
to tyres at cornering.
• It provides equal torque on
both tyre not power.
• From the differential, power
is transmitted to the rear
axles and from there to the
wheels .

60. The End