1.
Methods & Process:
 What does open and accessible research mean?
 How can NHS Citizen enable this?

2.
Participatory Action Research
“A collaborative process of research, education and action explicitly
oriented towards social transformation” (Kindon et al 2007)

3.
Conventional timeframe of research
 Review of previous research
 Design questions
 Design methods
 Do fieldwork
 Analyse data
 Theorise data
 Write up
 Finished! Next project.......

4.
Participatory Action Research
 Kurt Lewin’s cycle of reflection and action research:
 Iterative process
 With PAR these activities are undertaken collaboratively
by all participants
 What are the implications for knowledge?

5.
Participatory Action Research: Ethics
 What are the practicalities of carrying out research with citizens?

6.
Typically Ethical issues in research
include:
 Information
 Consent (for adults and children)
 Anonymity
 Protection, e.g. CRB clearance
 “Doing no harm” – limiting distress
 Letting respondents know findings

7.
A participatory ethics:
 Doing no harm? Or doing some good?
 A contextual, relational and dynamic ethics, which will vary over time
and between projects as they emerge from debate among all
participants:
Representation Accountability
Social responsiveness Agency
Reflexivity

8.
Small group discussion: Challenges and
Opportunities of Participatory Research
 What does open and accessible research mean?
 What are the practicalities of carrying out research with citizens?
 How can NHS Citizen enable this?
 What do researchers need from NHS Citizen?