Almanac 2017: An introduction to the latest data on the voluntary sector
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Presentation slides from an NCVO webinar which took place on 5 July 2017.
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Almanac 2017: An introduction to the latest data on the voluntary sector
- 1. ALMANAC 2017: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LATEST DATA ON THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR 5 JULY 2017
- 2. • Jack Egan Researcher, NCVO • Michael Birtwistle Public Services Policy Manager, NCVO
- 3. KEY THEMES • Income and spending in the sector • Net worth of the sector • Contribution to the economy and society • Policy implications
- 4. #NCVOAlmanac WHAT IS THE ALMANAC? The Almanac is a report on the state of civil society and the voluntary sector in the UK, looking at: • Finances – Charity accounts • Volunteering – Community Life Survey • Workforce – Labour Force Survey Two main products: • Website - data.ncvo.org.uk • Publication Published in April/May For enquiries contact the NCVO research team - research@ncvo.org.uk
- 5. THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN THE UK IS DIVERSE IN TERMS OF BOTH GEOGRAPHY AND SCOPE Key facts and voluntary sector figures Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 165,801 Voluntary organisations Most common beneficiary groups*: Children and young people (98,110 organisations) The elderly (48,744 organisations) People with disabilities (45,978 organisations)
- 6. THE MAJORITY OF CHARITIES OPERATE LOCALLY, PARTICULARLY SMALLER ORGANISATIONS Area of operation of voluntary organisations in England and Wales by income band, 2014/15 (%) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 2 37 60 69 78 79 81 42 26 19 13 12 2 9 7 5 4 3 14 12 8 7 6 5 Super-major Major Large Medium Small Micro Local National National and overseas Overseas
- 7. INCOME AND SPENDING IN THE SECTOR 7
- 8. THE LARGEST VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS ARE FEW IN NUMBER BUT ACCOUNT FOR 80% OF SECTOR INCOME Proportion of voluntary organisations in the UK by number and income in 2014/15 broken down by size of organisation Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac Make up 82% of the total number of voluntary organisations… … but account for 80% of total income of the voluntary sector Micro/small organisations (£0-£100k) Large to super-major organisations (£1m+) …but only 5% of total income of the voluntary sector Make up just 3% of the total number of voluntary organisations…
- 9. INCREASES IN INCOME AND SPENDING SEEN LAST YEAR HAVE CONTINUED IN 2014/15 UK voluntary sector income and spending, 2000/01 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Income Expenditure £45.5bn £43.3bn
- 10. #NCVOAlmanac LARGER ORGANISATIONS, PARTICULARLY SUPER- MAJOR, HAVE SEEN THE BIGGEST INCREASES IN INCOME Total income by size of organisation, 2008/09 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission 0 4 8 12 16 Major Large Super- major Medium Micro/ small
- 11. #NCVOAlmanac THE NUMBER OF ORGANISATIONS WITH AN INCOME OF OVER £100M IS ALSO INCREASING Number of super-major organisations, 2008/09 to 2014/15 Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission 26 29 33 33 33 40 42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
- 12. THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR INCOME COMES FROM INDIVIDUALS… Voluntary sector income sources, 2014/15 (£bn) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 45% 34% 1% 9% 4% 7% Individuals £20.6bn Government £15.3bn National Lottery £0.5bn Voluntary sector £4.0bn Private sector £1.9bn Investment £3.3bn
- 13. …AND INCREASES IN INCOME FROM INDIVIDUALS ARE DRIVING THE INCREASE IN TOTAL SECTOR INCOME Sources of voluntary sector income, 2000/01 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac £20.6bn £15.3bn Individual Government Voluntary sector £4.0bn 25 20 15 10 5 0
- 14. DONATIONS PROVIDE THE LARGEST SHARE OF INCOME RECEIVED FROM INDIVIDUALS Income from individuals breakdown, 2014/15 (£bn, %) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission 37% 12% 30% 21% Voluntary income - donations £7.6bn Voluntary income – legacies £2.5bn #NCVOAlmanac Earned income – charitable activities £6.2bn Earned income – activities for generating funds £4.3bn Earned income total: 51% Voluntary income total: 49%
- 15. SINCE 2010/11 EARNED INCOME HAS GROWN MORE STEADILY THAN VOLUNTARY INCOME Earned and voluntary income from individuals, 2000/01 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac Total earned income Total donations Legacies £7.6bn £10.5bn12 10 8 6 4 2 0 £2.5bn
- 16. INCOME FROM GOVERNMENT MOVES CLOSER TO THE PEAK SEEN IN 2009/10 Government income from grants and contracts, 2001/01 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 5.1 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.2 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.9 4.9 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.9 9.2 10.1 11.3 12.2 12.5 12.8 11.9 12.1 12.2 12.4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Government grants Government contracts £15.3bn£15.7bn
- 17. THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS GO TO SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANISATIONS Government grants and contracts received by sub-sector, 2014/15 (£m) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Social services Health International Law and advocacy Employment and training Education Housing Culture and recreation Development Environment Government contracts (£m) Government grants (£m)
- 18. FOR THE FIRST TIME IN A DECADE, INCOME FROM CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IS HIGHER THAN FROM LOCAL Government income local and central government, 2004/05 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 Central Government Local Government £7.1bn £7.3bn
- 19. SMALLER ORGANISATIONS ARE THE LEAST LIKELY TO RECEIVE FUNDING FROM GOVERNMENT Income from Government as a proportion of total income by size of organisation, 2014/15 (%) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission 16 29 33 42 29 0 25 50 75 100 Micro/small Medium Large Major Super-major #NCVOAlmanac
- 20. CHARITIES SPEND THE MAJORITY OF THEIR MONEY ON DELIVERING THEIR MISSION Spending breakdown, 2014/15 (£bn, %) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac
- 21. NET WORTH OF THE SECTOR 21
- 22. THE NET WORTH OF THE SECTOR HAS GROWN STEADILY OVER THE LAST FOUR YEARS Voluntary sector assets, 2000/01 to 2014/15 (£bn, 2014/15 prices) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 #NCVOAlmanac £112.7bn
- 23. SMALLER ORGANISATIONS ARE FAR LESS LIKELY THAN OTHERS TO HAVE FIXED ASSETS OR RESERVES Proportion of organisations with tangible fixed assets by size of organisation, 2014/15 (%) Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 15 63 87 91 98 0 25 50 75 100 Micro/small Medium Large Major Super-major 44% of micro/small organisations have no reserves
- 24. CONTRIBUTION TO THE UK ECONOMY AND SOCIETY 24
- 25. LEVELS OF BOTH REGULAR AND LESS REGULAR VOLUNTEERING REMAIN STABLE Rates of formal volunteering, 2001 to 2015/16 (%) Source: Citizenship Survey, Community Life Survey #NCVOAlmanac 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 At least once a month At least once a year 41% 27%
- 26. HALF OF THOSE WHO HAVE VOLUNTEERED IN THE LAST YEAR DID SO AROUND SPORTS OR ACTIVITIES Organisations/clubs/groups to which respondents who had formally volunteered at least once in the last 12 months gave unpaid help, 2015/16 (% of respondents) Source: Community Life Survey 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Sport/exercise Hobbies/recreation/arts/social clubs Religon Children's education/schools Youth/children's activities Health, disability and welfare Local or community groups The elderly The environment/animals Education for adults Safety, first aid Citizen groups Other Justice and human rights Trade union activity Politics #NCVOAlmanac
- 27. A LACK OF AVAILABLE TIME IS A KEY DRIVER OF PEOPLE STOPPING VOLUNTEERING Top five reasons for stopping volunteering in the last year, 2015/16 (%) Source: Community Life Survey 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Not enough time - due to changing home/work circumstances Due to health problems or old age Not enough time - getting involved took up too much time It was a one-off activity or event Lost interest #NCVOAlmanac
- 28. IN TERMS OF HUMAN CAPITAL, THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR EMPLOYS AN INCREASING NUMBER OF PEOPLE Number of employees in Tesco, the voluntary sector, and the NHS in 2016 Source: Labour Force Survey, Tesco, NHS #NCVOAlmanac Since 2015, the voluntary sector’s workforce has increased by
- 29. VOLUNTARY SECTOR EMPLOYEES ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE FEMALE AND WORK IN SMALL ORGANISATIONS Gender of employees (% of total workforce) Source: Labour Force Survey 65% 35% #NCVOAlmanac
- 30. THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR CONTINUES TO MAKE A SIZEABLE CONTRIBUTION TO THE UK ECONOMY… Source: World Bank, Office for National Statistics (ONS) #NCVOAlmanac In 2015, the estimated value of volunteering was £22.6bn
- 31. …AS WELL AS HELPING TO BUILD A MORE SOCIAL ECONOMY Key facts and voluntary sector figures Source: NCVO/TSRC, Charity Commission #NCVOAlmanac 165,801 853,000 14.2million Workforce Voluntary Organisations People volunteered at least once a month in 2015/16
- 32. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR VOLUNTARY SECTOR POLICY? #NCVOAlmanac
- 33. WE ARE AT THE START OF A NEW SPENDING CYCLE 85 90 95 100 105 110 Index of departmental spending (RDEL) and charity government income (2007/08 = 100) Index of government income Index of RDEL Linear (Index of government income) Linear (Index of RDEL) 2010SpendingReview RDEL Source: OBR Fiscal Outlook 2015SpendingReview -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Changeinincomefromgovernment(£m) Change in income from government by income band, 2012/13 - 2014/15 Micro and Small Medium Large Major Super-major
- 34. FORMAL RESOURCES FROM GOVERNMENT ARE UNLIKELY TO INCREASE, ESPECIALLY LOCALLY 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 Index of local authority core spending (historical and planned) and charity local government income (2010/11 = 100) Index of local authority spending Index of local government income Linear (Index of local authority spending) Linear (Index of local government income) Local authority spending source: LGA
- 35. EARNED INCOME IS THE KEY GROWTH AREA, AND WE NEED TO ENABLE CHARITIES TO GENERATE IT Household income source: IFS figures based on OBR projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Path of real terms donations, earned income from individuals and median household income (indexed, 2007/08 = 100) Earned income from individuals Donations Median household income
- 36. USEFUL LINKS Almanac website: data.ncvo.org.uk NCVO Manifesto: https://blogs.ncvo.org.uk/2017/05/0 4/ncvos-general-election-message- charities-and-volunteering-make- britain-great/
Notas do Editor
- *Excluding ‘The general public’ – 73,725 orgs.
- Total income for the sector for 2014/15 = £45.5bn Total spending for the sector for 2014/15 = £43.3bn
- Earned income overtook voluntary income (donations and legacies) from individuals back in 2011/12. The percentage split has remained relatively consistent since then
- In terms of percentage increase from 2000/01 – 2014/15, rates are similar for both total earned income (63%) and total donations (61%). From 2010/11 onwards we begin to see a gap emerging in terms of rate of growth between the two types of income. The increases we are seeing in earned income since 2010/11 are being driven by increases in earned income from charitable activities. Earned income from generating funds has remained relatively flat since 2010/11.
- EXTRA £0.9BN COMES FROM EU/INTERNATIONAL GOVT. Michael will talk about this in more detail in policy section
- Young people Almost a third (32%) of young people (16-25) formally volunteer at least once per month although this level has dipped slightly versus last year (35%) and is the first time we have seen a decrease since 2010/11. However, 16-25s do remain the age group most likely to be engaging in regular formal volunteering compared to other age bands. Levels of irregular formal volunteers in (once per year) continue to rise for 16-25s in 2015/16, up to 49% in 2015/16.
- Talk about the need for flexible volunteering? People less loyal to one charity? Competing with box sets
- Voluntary sector % in orgs. under 25 employees comparable to private sector (41%) but slightly more, public sector only 16%.
- In many ways the data shows continuation of previous trends. Some implications are self-evident from the data – donations remain an important source of income, and is one of the many reasons we need to protect public trust in charities. Understanding the scale of Europe’s contribution to the sector in terms of workforce and income also helps us prioritise our policy work. But read in the context of the wider economic and political environment and our expectations of how that will change, one of the most interesting questions that emerges is where and how do we see voluntary organisations growing?
- Having seen the recent increases in government income, you might be tempted to look there for growth. But these figures need to be read in context. Government spending is cyclical. Austerity is set to continue, and cuts tends to be focused towards the start of spending cycles. This year’s Almanac data takes us to the end of the 2010-2015 spending cycle. Increases in recent years do not necessarily mean a longer-term reversal of the preceding downward trend. We need to be cautious about expecting further increases. The dotted lines are the linear trends – they are not forecasts, but give a sense that both central government spending and government income to the sector are still on overall downward trends, despite recent rises in the latter. We can also tell something about the distribution of this growth. Recent rises in government income have continued to be concentrated in major and super-major charities. The voluntary sector’s share of the public services market has not grown in line with government expectations that payment by results would enable more charities to participate in delivery. NOTE: The second graph on this slide only appears after clicking.
- This trend is even clearer when looking at local government income alone. Increasing pressure on public services reinforces the importance of our long-running work to help break down the barriers to charities delivering public services. But the picture is wider than this. The policymaking levers we are able to pull at a central level are diminishing. Looking forward the government now has good quality grant-making guidelines, which should lead to greater confidence in using grants as a proportionate, transparent procurement method – but we won’t necessarily see this automatically replicated at a local level. So our influencing strategy needs to be locally not centrally focused – looking towards opportunities that further devolution/city mayors etc might provide, and working with those making commissioning decisions. And we have to think about whether there are ways we can enable a step change in our ability to deploy informal resources – how we can shift the stable but unmoving levels of volunteering, and whether we need a more nuanced approach to the role of volunteers in public service delivery.
- So we have to look towards individuals for growth – specifically towards earned income. Very little net growth in donations since 2007/08 – 6%, compared to 35% in earned income, driven by fees for services – that is, income earned from charitable activities. The relative lack of growth in donations is perhaps not surprising – when we consider that people have not seen their incomes rise a great deal in recent years. The OBR is expecting real household income growth to stall because of higher inflation. If the correlation continues, we have to start thinking about how much we can expect donations to grow on the basis of the wider economic picture, and consequently about where it is productive for us as a sector to put the resources we do have into generating income – and we think that the answer will increasingly be earned income. The dormant assets commission presents us with a rare opportunity to invest in our local communities, and set up local voluntary organisations for long-term sustainability through an asset-based approach – endowing community foundations and building on community asset ownership schemes – enabling charities to generate their own income for generations to come. For those of you who have had a chance to read NCVO’s manifesto, you will see these conclusions – around the role of volunteering, and the need to strengthen our local communities – lie at the heart of our policy – and as ever, they are driven and drawn from the vital work that is the Almanac.