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Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
Eukaryotic Versus
Prokaryotic Cells
1. nuclear body
eukaryotic cell
a. The nuclear body is bounded by a nuclear
membrane having pores connecting it with the
endoplasmic reticulum
b. It contains one or more paired, linear chromosomes
composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated
with histone proteins.
c. A nucleolus is present.
d. The nuclear body is called a nucleus.

prokaryotic cell
a. The nuclear body is not bounded by a nuclear
membrane.
b. It usually contains one circular chromosome
composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated
with histone-like proteins.
c. There is no nucleolus.
d. The nuclear body is called a nucleoid .
2.) cell division
eukaryotic cell
a. The nucleus divides by mitosis.
b. Haploid (1N) sex cells in diploid
or 2N organisms are produced
through meiosis

prokaryotic cell
a. The cell usually divides by binary
fission. There is no mitosis.
b. Prokaryotic cells are haploid
Meiosis is not needed.
Animal Cell
Animal Cell
The following is a glossary of animal cell terms:
cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semipermeable,
allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense
center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the
centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center of
the centrosome.
cytoplasm - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Golgi body - (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like
a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The
Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell.
lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes.
This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.
mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many
times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Some cells have more than one
nucleolus.
nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the
functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded
by the nuclear membrane.
ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis.
rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted
sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is
covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces
proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and
convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The
space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and
produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-
made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes.
vacuole - fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with food being digested and
waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
The following is a glossary of plant cell anatomy terms.
amyloplast - an organelle in some plant cells that stores starch. Amyloplasts are found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits.
ATP - ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate; it is a high-energy molecule used for energy storage by organisms. In plant cells, ATP is produced in the
cristae                                      of                                    mitochondria                                        and                                        chloroplasts.
cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some
substances                     to                  pass                  into                 the                  cell                and                    blocking                  others.
cell wall - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of its support and structure. The cell wall also
bonds              with            other              cell           walls             to            form              the           structure               of            the            plant.
centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The
centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing
cell.       Unlike         the       centrosomes             in       animal         cells,        plant        cell       centrosomes          do          not         have        centrioles.
chlorophyll - chlorophyll is a molecule that can use light energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar and oxygen (this process is
called             photosynthesis).                Chlorophyll              is            magnesium                 based             and             is              usually            green.
chloroplast - an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy
-                         food)                          takes                           place                           in                       the                             chloroplasts.
christae - (singular crista) the multiply-folded inner membrane of a cell's mitochondrion that are finger-like projections. The walls of the cristae are the site of
the               cell's              energy                  production                (it              is              where              ATP                    is              generated).
cytoplasm           -       the      jellylike       material        outside        the        cell       nucleus        in      which       the         organelles           are      located.
Golgi body - (also called the golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near
the nucleus. The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell.
granum         -        (plural      grana)         A       stack       of      thylakoid         disks        within       the      chloroplast         is       called        a      granum.
mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections
(called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
nuclear                  membrane                     -               the               membrane                     that              surrounds                     the              nucleus.
nucleolus           -        an       organelle         within         the       nucleus           -        it     is        where       ribosomal             RNA          is       produced.
nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein
synthesis)        and         contains       DNA         (in       chromosomes).            The        nucleus        is      surrounded        by         the        nuclear       membrane
photosynthesis - a process in which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (sugars and starches), oxygen and water.
Chlorophyll       or     closely-related        pigments        (substances       that      color     the      plant)     are    essential     to      the       photosynthetic       process.
ribosome         -      small      organelles        composed          of      RNA-rich        cytoplasmic        granules       that     are      sites        of      protein     synthesis.
rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's
cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER
transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's
cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transport materials through
the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made
proteins                   and                  lipids                 to                 the                   Golgi                body                    and                   membranes
stroma - part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana.
thylakoid disk - thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are made up of stacks of
thylakoid disks; a stack of thylakoid disks is called a granum. Photosynthesis (the production of ATP molecules from sunlight) takes place on thylakoid disks.
vacuole - a large, membrane-bound space within a plant cell that is filled with fluid. Most plant cells have a single vacuole that takes up much of the cell. It



                                                              Plant Cell
helps                           maintain                            the                           shape                           of                           the                          cell.
Plant Cell
Plant Cell
Differences Between Plant and Animal Cell

                                             Animal Cell                               Plant Cell

Nucleus:                      Present                                Present
Mitochondria:                 Present                                Present
Cytoplasm:                    Present                                Present
                                                                     Plant cells have chloroplasts because
Chloroplast:                  Animal cells don't have chloroplasts
                                                                     they make their own food
Golgi Apparatus:              Present                                Present
Cell wall:                    None                                   Yes
Plasma Membrane:              only cell membrane                     cell wall and a cell membrane

Microtubules/ Microfilaments: Present                                Present

Lysosomes:                    Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm.          Lysosomes usually not evident.
Flagella:                     May be found in some cells             May be found in some cells
Ribosomes:                    Present                                Present
Endoplasmic Reticulum
                              Present                                Present
(Smooth and Rough):
Plastids:                     No                                     Yes
                              One or more small vacuoles (much       One, large central vacuole taking up
Vacuole:
                              smaller than plant cells).             90% of cell volume.

Centrioles:                   Present in all animal cells            Only present in lower plant forms.
Shape:                        Round (irregular shape)                Rectangular (fixed shape)
Cilia:                        Present                                It is very Rare
3 Basic Parts of a Cell
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
the outermost
boundary of animal
cells. It is directly in
  contact with the
     environment.
   Cell membrane
or plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
it covers the largest area
  within the cell and consists
  of a semi fluid portion, the
  cytosol. It is the part
  outside the nucleus.
usually found suspended in
the cytoplasm at the center
of the cell. It is the control
center of the cell.
Nucleoplasm- the semi
fluid material of the
nucleus
        Nucleus
Other Parts of
  the Cells
Nucleus
Large Oval body near the
centre of the cell.
The control centre for all
activity.
Surrounded by a nuclear
membrane.
Nucleoplasm
is the protoplasm in the
nucleus.
contains genetic material
---> CHROMOSOMES
(DNA)
Nucleolus
is found in the
nucleus.
contains more genetic
information (RNA)
Cell Membrane
the outer boundary of the
cell.
it separates the cell from
other cells.
it is porous ---> allows
molecules to pass through.
Cell Wall
  ( Plant Cells Only )
non living structure that
surrounds the plant cell.
protects + supports the
cell.
made up of a tough fiber
called cellulose.
Cytoplasm
cell material outside the
nucleus but within the cell
membrane.
clear thick fluid.
contains structures called
organelles.
Mitochondria
power house of the cell.
centre of respiration of
the cell.
they release energy for
cell functions
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
are clear fluid sacs that act as
storage areas for food, minerals,
and waste.
in plant cell the vacuoles are large
and mostly filled with water. This
gives the plant support.
in animal cells the vacuoles are
much smaller.
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
   Plant cells only )
contains a green
pigment known as
chlorophyll which is
important for
photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
tiny spherical bodies
that help make proteins.
found in the cyto plasm
or attached to the endo
plasmic reticulum.
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER )
 systems of membranes
 throughout the cytoplasm.
it connects the nuclear
 membrane to the cell
 membrane.
passageway for material
 moving though the cell.
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
Golgi Bodies
tube like structures
that have tiny sacs at
their ends.
they help package
protein.
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
Lysosomes
" suicide sacs “
small structures that
contain enzymes which are
used in digestion.
if a lysosome were to burst
it could destroy the cell
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02
Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02

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Cellsppt presentation-100813001954-phpapp02

  • 4. 1. nuclear body eukaryotic cell a. The nuclear body is bounded by a nuclear membrane having pores connecting it with the endoplasmic reticulum b. It contains one or more paired, linear chromosomes composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone proteins. c. A nucleolus is present. d. The nuclear body is called a nucleus. prokaryotic cell a. The nuclear body is not bounded by a nuclear membrane. b. It usually contains one circular chromosome composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone-like proteins. c. There is no nucleolus. d. The nuclear body is called a nucleoid .
  • 5. 2.) cell division eukaryotic cell a. The nucleus divides by mitosis. b. Haploid (1N) sex cells in diploid or 2N organisms are produced through meiosis prokaryotic cell a. The cell usually divides by binary fission. There is no mitosis. b. Prokaryotic cells are haploid Meiosis is not needed.
  • 8. The following is a glossary of animal cell terms: cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center of the centrosome. cytoplasm - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. Golgi body - (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place. mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus. nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Some cells have more than one nucleolus. nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from rough ER, moving the newly- made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes. vacuole - fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
  • 9. The following is a glossary of plant cell anatomy terms. amyloplast - an organelle in some plant cells that stores starch. Amyloplasts are found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits. ATP - ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate; it is a high-energy molecule used for energy storage by organisms. In plant cells, ATP is produced in the cristae of mitochondria and chloroplasts. cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. cell wall - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of its support and structure. The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant. centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. Unlike the centrosomes in animal cells, plant cell centrosomes do not have centrioles. chlorophyll - chlorophyll is a molecule that can use light energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar and oxygen (this process is called photosynthesis). Chlorophyll is magnesium based and is usually green. chloroplast - an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes place in the chloroplasts. christae - (singular crista) the multiply-folded inner membrane of a cell's mitochondrion that are finger-like projections. The walls of the cristae are the site of the cell's energy production (it is where ATP is generated). cytoplasm - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. Golgi body - (also called the golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. granum - (plural grana) A stack of thylakoid disks within the chloroplast is called a granum. mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus. nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane photosynthesis - a process in which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (sugars and starches), oxygen and water. Chlorophyll or closely-related pigments (substances that color the plant) are essential to the photosynthetic process. ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transport materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body and membranes stroma - part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. thylakoid disk - thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are made up of stacks of thylakoid disks; a stack of thylakoid disks is called a granum. Photosynthesis (the production of ATP molecules from sunlight) takes place on thylakoid disks. vacuole - a large, membrane-bound space within a plant cell that is filled with fluid. Most plant cells have a single vacuole that takes up much of the cell. It Plant Cell helps maintain the shape of the cell.
  • 12. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleus: Present Present Mitochondria: Present Present Cytoplasm: Present Present Plant cells have chloroplasts because Chloroplast: Animal cells don't have chloroplasts they make their own food Golgi Apparatus: Present Present Cell wall: None Yes Plasma Membrane: only cell membrane cell wall and a cell membrane Microtubules/ Microfilaments: Present Present Lysosomes: Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm. Lysosomes usually not evident. Flagella: May be found in some cells May be found in some cells Ribosomes: Present Present Endoplasmic Reticulum Present Present (Smooth and Rough): Plastids: No Yes One or more small vacuoles (much One, large central vacuole taking up Vacuole: smaller than plant cells). 90% of cell volume. Centrioles: Present in all animal cells Only present in lower plant forms. Shape: Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape) Cilia: Present It is very Rare
  • 13. 3 Basic Parts of a Cell
  • 15. the outermost boundary of animal cells. It is directly in contact with the environment. Cell membrane or plasma membrane
  • 16. Cytoplasm it covers the largest area within the cell and consists of a semi fluid portion, the cytosol. It is the part outside the nucleus.
  • 17. usually found suspended in the cytoplasm at the center of the cell. It is the control center of the cell. Nucleoplasm- the semi fluid material of the nucleus Nucleus
  • 18. Other Parts of the Cells
  • 19. Nucleus Large Oval body near the centre of the cell. The control centre for all activity. Surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
  • 20. Nucleoplasm is the protoplasm in the nucleus. contains genetic material ---> CHROMOSOMES (DNA)
  • 21. Nucleolus is found in the nucleus. contains more genetic information (RNA)
  • 22. Cell Membrane the outer boundary of the cell. it separates the cell from other cells. it is porous ---> allows molecules to pass through.
  • 23. Cell Wall ( Plant Cells Only ) non living structure that surrounds the plant cell. protects + supports the cell. made up of a tough fiber called cellulose.
  • 24. Cytoplasm cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane. clear thick fluid. contains structures called organelles.
  • 25. Mitochondria power house of the cell. centre of respiration of the cell. they release energy for cell functions
  • 27. Vacuoles are clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals, and waste. in plant cell the vacuoles are large and mostly filled with water. This gives the plant support. in animal cells the vacuoles are much smaller.
  • 29. Chloroplasts Plant cells only ) contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis.
  • 31. Ribosomes tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins. found in the cyto plasm or attached to the endo plasmic reticulum.
  • 33. Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER )  systems of membranes throughout the cytoplasm. it connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. passageway for material moving though the cell.
  • 35. Golgi Bodies tube like structures that have tiny sacs at their ends. they help package protein.
  • 37. Lysosomes " suicide sacs “ small structures that contain enzymes which are used in digestion. if a lysosome were to burst it could destroy the cell