- Oligodendrocytes are glial cells found in the central nervous system that produce myelin, which insulates axons and allows for fast nerve signal conduction. They extend processes to wrap around and myelinate axons. - It takes multiple oligodendrocytes to fully insulate one axon. A single oligodendrocyte can extend processes to myelinate up to 50 axons, producing 1 micrometer segments of myelin sheath. - Oligodendrocytes play a supportive role for neurons by producing neurotrophic factors and providing trophic support. They are involved in formation and repair of myelin in the adult brain.

1. NAST 623- Fundamentals of Biology for Nanotechnology
PRESENTED BY,
MUGILAN N
M.TECH NAST 1st year
Reg no:16305012
COURSE INSTRUCTOR;
DR.S.KANNAN
Centre for Nano Sciences & Technology
Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technologies
TITLE: OLIGODENDROCYTES

2. OLIGODENDROCYTES
The term oligodendroglia was introduced by Rio Hortega.
Its principle function is to provide support to axons and to produce
the myelin sheath, which insulates axons.
Oligodendrocytes do this by creating the myelin sheath, a white
and shiny fatty substance, which is composed by 80% of lipid and
20% of protein.
this particular composition confers to the oligodendrocyte’s
capacity to isolate axons from each other and mostly to allow fast
nerve signal conduction.
 . It takes several oligodendrocytes to fully insulate one axon,
One cell may provide many segments of myelin sheaths.
A single oligodendrocyte can extend its process to 50 axons and
produce myelin sheath of 1 micrometer.

3. Oligodendrocyte formation in the adult brain is associated with glial-
restricted progenitor cells, known as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
(OPCs).
Oligodendrocytes are one of the members of the neuroglial
population.
oligodendrocytes provide a supporting role for neurons as well as
trophic support by the production of glial cell line-derived
neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF), or insulin-like growth factor.
Oligodendrocytes form the electrical insulation around the axons of
CNS nerve cells

4. • As part of the nervous system, oligodendrocytes are closely related to
nerve cells and like all other glial cells.
• The optimal ratio of axon diameter divided by the total fiber diameter
(which includes the myelin) is about 0.6µm.
• Oligodendrocytes are found only in the central nervous system, which
comprises the brain and spinal cord.
• These cells were originally thought to have been produced in the
ventral neural tube.

5. NEURONS

6. TYPES
 Interfascicular Oligodendrocytes:
Oligodendrocytes found along and in between the axons
they myelinate.they are found in white matter of CNS.
 Satellite / Perineuronal Oligodendrocytes:
Unmyelinating oligodendrocytes found only in the grey
matter of the CNS. Theyare located in close proximity to the somata of
neurons.

7. MYELIN PRODUCTION:
 Oligodendrocytes develop from an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)
by extending processes and ultimately forming sheet-like myelin protein
containing protrusions.

8. In the presence of axon oligodendrocyte progenitor cells extend their
processes, and upon contact formation with axons initiate a wrapping
process, which will subsequently form the compact myelin sheath.

10. THANK
YOU