Plant Basics- 7th Grade

1. PLANTS
Name all the plants you can think of…
What do these all have in common?
Chapter 9

2. • Plants are many-celled organisms
- most plants contain chlorophyll
- at least 260,000 plant species have been identified
- plants are adapted to nearly every environment on
earth
- plants are important food sources for people and
animals

3. • Photosynthesis
- the process by which green
plants use sunlight to make
food from carbon dioxide
and water.
- Photosynthesis in plants
generally involves the green
pigment chlorophyll and
generates oxygen as a byproduct.

4. PLANT CELLS:

5. • Plant cells have:
- a cell membrane
- a nucleus and other organelles
- a cell wall
- chlorophyll – the green pigment used in
photosynthesis
- a central vacuole which
regulates the water
content of the cell

6. • Some plants also contain carotenoids
- Carotenoids are red, yellow or orange pigments
that are also used in photosynthesis

7. • PARTS:
- A cuticle is a waxy protective layer that covers the
stems, leaves and flowers of many plants
- The cuticle helps prevent water loss in the plant

8. • Cellulose is a chemical compound made out of
sugar
- cellulose forms tangled fibers in cell walls and
provides structure and support

9. • Plants can be categorized as vascular or
nonvascular
• Vascular plants have tubelike
structures that carry water and
nutrients throughout the plant

10. • Nonvascular plants do not have the tubelike
structures
• Nonvascular plants use other ways to move
water and nutrients

11. • Nonvascular plants have rhizoids instead of roots.
• Rhizoids are structures that anchor the plants
where they grow
• Most nonvascular plants are classified as mosses

12. • Botany is the science of studying plants.
• In the late 1700s, Swedish
botanist Carolus Linnaeus
developed a system of
classifying living things,
using many different
characteristics

14. PARTS OF A PLANT
Leaf – the organ of a plant where photosynthesis
takes place

15. • Stem – support the branches, leaves, and
reproductive structures

16. Roots – act as anchors for a growing plant, holding
it in place.
- Water and substances enter a plant through
its roots.

17. Flower – the part of certain plants that develop
into fruit
- Flowering plants are called agiosperms

18. • Gymnosperms are vascular plants that produce
seeds that are NOT protected by fruit.
• Gymnosperms have no flowers
• These plants include
conifers, such as pine trees,
fir trees, and spruce –
all are common
evergreen trees

19. • In a seed plant, there are three tissues which
make up the vascular system:
- xylem - conducts water and dissolved nutrients
upward from the root and also helps to form
the stem
- phloem - conducts sugars and other metabolic
products downward from the leaves.
- cambium - a thin layer between the xylem and
phloem of most vascular plants that gives rise
to new cells and is responsible for secondary
growth.

22. • In a seed plant, some spores develop into pollen
• A pollen grain is a small structure produced by
the male seed plant
• The transfer of pollen grains to reproduce is
called pollination
• Pollen can be transferred by gravity, wind, water,
animals or insects

24. *FLOWERS*
- Flowers have four main parts: petals, sepals,
stamen and pistils

25. • Petals are the colorful parts
• Sepals are the leaflike parts outside the petals.
They form the outside of the flower bud
• Stamen is the male reproductive part; pollen is
produced in the stamen
• Pistil is the female reproductive organ; the ovary
is the base of the pistil where ovules are found
– ovules produce eggs, or reproductive cells