This is for a ninth grade Westen Civ class, for those students who were absent and could not get the class notes.

2. Enlightenment Philosophers

4. Thomas Hobbes

5. Notice the title of Hobbes’ book What is a Leviathan? What do you think Hobbes was trying to say about government based on the title of his book?

6. Leviathan!!

7. Hobbes From England Wrote Leviathan -Observation: People are generally bad Life without strong government is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.” -Hypothesis: Absolute government is needed to control evil behavior Not the same as but not divine right People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s

8. -Observation: gov’t exists to “preserve life, liberty, & property” -Hypothesis: people should be sovereign (rule) -Hypothesis: monarchs not chosen by God People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s John Locke From: England Wrote: Two Treatises on Government

9. Montesquieu -Observation: “When the legislature & executive are united in the same person, there is no liberty (freedom)” -Hypothesis: Gov’t must have “ Separation of Powers ” -- 3 branches People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s From: France Wrote: “The Spirit of Laws”

10. Rousseau -Observation: “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.” -Hypothesis: Gov’t is contract between people & rulers. People can break it (rebel) People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s From: France Wrote: The Social Contract

11. Voltaire -Observation: Life is better with liberty -Hypothesis: Freedom of speech & religion, separation of church & state -“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. “ People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s From: France

12. Reflection: On Back 1. All of these people… 2. To come up with their ideas, they all used… 3. All of their ideas dealt with...

13. People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s Locke Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau Voltaire Name From Wrote Main Ideas

14. People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s Locke Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau Voltaire England England France France France -Observation: gov’t exists to “preserve life, liberty, & property” -Hypothesis: people should be sovereign (rule) -Hypothesis: monarchs not chosen by God -Observation: Life without gov’t is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.” -Hypothesis: Absolute gov’t needed to control evil behavior (not divine right) -Observation: “When the legislature & executive are united in the same person, there is no liberty (freedom)” -Hypothesis: Gov’t must have “ Separation of Powers ” -- 3 branches -Observation: “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.” -Hypothesis: Gov’t is contract between people & rulers. People can break it (rebel) -Observation: Life is better with liberty -Hypothesis: Freedom of speech & religion, separation of church & state -“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. “ Name From Wrote Main Ideas Two Treatises on Gov’t Leviathan The Spirit of Laws The Social Contract