SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 25
Baixar para ler offline
3rd lecture




of




     Human rights
Chapter 3




United Nations and human rights
SECTION 1

               Purposes of the united nation


          The United Nations was established
    following to the conclusion of the Second World
    War and in the light of Allied planning and
    intentions expressed during that conflict.

          The United Nations is a complex
    intergovernmental organization that includes a
    network of bodies, agencies, and affiliates; Its
    charter has given all principal organs a direct or
    indirect role in the field of human rights.
The purposes of the UN are set out
                  in article 1 of the charter as follows:



   1-To maintain international peace and
    security , and to that end , to take effective
    collective measures for the prevention and
    removal of threats to the peace, and for the
    suppression of acts of aggression or other or
    other breaches of the peace, and to bring
    about by peaceful means, and in conformity
    with the principles of justice and international
    law, adjustment or settlement of international
    disputes or situations which might lead to a
    breach of the peace.
   2-To develop friendly relations among nations
    based on respect for the principle of equal rights
    and self –determination of peoples, and to take
    other appropriate measures to strengthen
    universal peace.
   3-To achieve international cooperation in solving
    international problems of an economic
    , social, cultural or humanitarian character , and
    in promoting and encouraging respect for human
    rights and for fundamental freedoms for all
    without distinction as to race, sex, language or
    religion.
   4-To be a center for harmonizing the actions of
    nations in the attainment of theses common
    ends.
The UN has six principles
           organs

              The general
               assembly.

Social and                  The Security
economic                      Council.
 council.




                            International
Secretariat                    court of
                               justice.
              Trusteeship
               council
11- the general assembly

                           
   The General Assembly is the main body that grants each
    member state one vote and the only one in which all
    member nations have equal representation.
    It is an important discussion forum, and declarations and
    treaties are adopted only after they have been voted on in
    the General Assembly.
    It can also issue recommendations and pass resolutions,
    but the General Assembly has no powers to compel
    member states to act. Nevertheless, in addition to the
    proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human
    Rights, the General Assembly was crucial in setting the
    principles with regard to war crimes and crimes against
    humanity, in 1946, the General Assembly affirmed that
    genocide was a crime against international law. This was
    an important step toward the Convention on the
    Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
   In 1945, the UN had 51 members. It now has 192, of which
    more than two-thirds are developing countries.
2-The Security Council.
   It includes five permanent members—China,
    France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the
    United States—each of which has veto power
    on any Security Council resolution. It also
    includes ten rotating members elected for
    two-year terms by the General Assembly, in a
    manner that would reflect a balance in the
    representation of major geographic regions.
   The Security Council is expected to resolve
    disputes by peaceful means but is also
    empowered to impose binding economic and
    military sanctions to enforce UN resolution
    and international law.
International court of justice.
   The International Court of Justice, located at
    the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal
    judicial organ of the United Nations.

    It settles legal disputes between states and
    gives advisory opinions to the UN and its
    specialized agencies.

    Its Statute is an integral part of the United
    Nations Charter.
4-Secretariat.
   The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day
    work of the Organization.
    It services the other principal organs and
    carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt
    with by the UN: administering peacekeeping
    operations, surveying economic and social
    trends,    preparing    studies   on    human
    rights, among others.
5-Social and economic council.
   is an intergovernmental body charged by the
    UN Charter to undertake studies and make
    recommendations on a broad spectrum of
    issues, including human rights. The size of
    the membership was expanded , into fifty-
    three.
6-Trusteeship council
   The Trusteeship Council was established in
    1945 by the UN Charter to provide
    international supervision for 11 Trust
    Territories placed under the administration of
    7 Member States, and ensure that adequate
    steps were taken to prepare the Territories
    for self-government and independence.
    By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained
    self-government or independence. Its work
    completed, the Council has amended its rules
    of procedure to meet as and where occasion
    may require.
Section 2

Sources of human rights
A-International instruments
                    (general instruments)


   The most basic instrument laying the
    foundation of international human rights law
    is the charter of the United Nations.
      The various human rights clauses of the
    U.N. charter speaks in terms of promoting
    and encouraging respect for human rights
    and for fundamental freedoms for all without
    distinction as to race, sex, language or
    religion.
The elaboration of the generally worded human rights clause of the UN Charter
  took the form of the International Bill of Human Rights, which encompasses:


    1-The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
   2-The International Covenant on Economic , social and
    cultural rights of 1966.
   3-The International covenant on Civil and Political Rights
    of 1966.
   4-The optional protocol to the International Covenant on
    Civil and Political rights.
   These instruments present with a view to establish a
    world-wide system for the promotion and protection of
    human rights, a comprehensive enumeration of a wide
    variety of human rights and fundamental freedom, in
    recognition that " the inherent dignity and the equal and
    inalienable rights of all members of the human family is
    the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world."
B-Regional instruments

   Other comprehensive instruments, covering a large
    number of human rights, which have been drown up
    at the regional level, are:
   1-The American declaration of the rights and duties
    of man of 1948 and the American convention on
    human rights of 1969.
   2-The European convention of human rights and
    fundamental freedoms of 1950 with its five protocols
    and European social charter of 1961.
   3-The African charter on human and people's rights
    of 1981.
   "The regional conventions represent an effort by the
    states concerned to try out new methods of realizing
    human rights in practice, and that, from this point of
    view, they are justified."
C-Specific Instruments

   There are also some specific instruments such as;
   1-The convention on the prevention and punishment
    of the genocide 1948.
   2-The international convention on the elimination of
    all forms of racial discrimination of 1965.
   3-The international convention on the suppression
    and punished of the crime of apartheid of 1973.
   4-The convention of the elimination of all forms of
    discrimination against women of 1979.
   5-The conventions and recommendation of the
    international labor organization.
                                                      
   6-The convention of the U.N.E.S.C.O United
    Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
    Organization
   The UNESCO works to create the conditions for
    dialogue among civilizations, cultures and
    peoples, based upon respect for commonly
    shared values. It is through this dialogue that the
    world can achieve global visions of sustainable
    development encompassing observance of
    human rights, mutual respect and the alleviation
    of poverty, all of which are at the heart of
    UNESCO’S mission and activities
   (This Convention is on the Means of Prohibiting
    and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and
    Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970)
End of the third
    lecture

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

the United Nations
the United Nationsthe United Nations
the United NationsMai Mahmoud
 
United Nations Organization
United Nations Organization United Nations Organization
United Nations Organization Attiya11
 
Basic Principles and Organizations of the United Nations
Basic Principles and Organizations of the United NationsBasic Principles and Organizations of the United Nations
Basic Principles and Organizations of the United NationsAnıl Sural
 
Powerpoint presentation
Powerpoint presentationPowerpoint presentation
Powerpoint presentationLIJIYA2014
 
The united nations organization
The united nations organizationThe united nations organization
The united nations organizationsheelu57
 
United Nations
United NationsUnited Nations
United Nationsanna hall
 
This Is The United Nations
This Is The United NationsThis Is The United Nations
This Is The United NationsRichard Walls
 
UNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEW
UNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEWUNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEW
UNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEWSoman Maksin
 
The United Nations- Summary
The United Nations- SummaryThe United Nations- Summary
The United Nations- SummarySandesha Perera
 

Mais procurados (18)

UNO
UNO UNO
UNO
 
the United Nations
the United Nationsthe United Nations
the United Nations
 
United Nations
United NationsUnited Nations
United Nations
 
The United Nations
The United NationsThe United Nations
The United Nations
 
United Nations Organization
United Nations Organization United Nations Organization
United Nations Organization
 
Basic Principles and Organizations of the United Nations
Basic Principles and Organizations of the United NationsBasic Principles and Organizations of the United Nations
Basic Principles and Organizations of the United Nations
 
Powerpoint presentation
Powerpoint presentationPowerpoint presentation
Powerpoint presentation
 
The united nations organization
The united nations organizationThe united nations organization
The united nations organization
 
Hr and un
Hr and unHr and un
Hr and un
 
United Nations
United NationsUnited Nations
United Nations
 
United Nations Overview - by UN Visitors' Service Nairobi - January 2014
United Nations Overview - by UN Visitors' Service Nairobi - January 2014United Nations Overview - by UN Visitors' Service Nairobi - January 2014
United Nations Overview - by UN Visitors' Service Nairobi - January 2014
 
United nations
United nationsUnited nations
United nations
 
United Nations
United NationsUnited Nations
United Nations
 
This Is The United Nations
This Is The United NationsThis Is The United Nations
This Is The United Nations
 
United Nations
United NationsUnited Nations
United Nations
 
UNO
UNOUNO
UNO
 
UNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEW
UNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEWUNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEW
UNITED NATIONS-AN OVERVIEW
 
The United Nations- Summary
The United Nations- SummaryThe United Nations- Summary
The United Nations- Summary
 

Semelhante a 3rdlecture of human rights copy

Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...
Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...
Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...Ehsan kabir Solicitor
 
Human rights 2nd lecture
Human rights 2nd lectureHuman rights 2nd lecture
Human rights 2nd lectureMostafa Ahmed
 
United nations organization2
United nations organization2United nations organization2
United nations organization2FARAH FAREEHA
 
Introduction to the United Nations
Introduction to the United NationsIntroduction to the United Nations
Introduction to the United NationsHrishikaRajesh
 
uno presentation
uno presentationuno presentation
uno presentationislamiat
 
human rights power point presentation education
human rights power point presentation educationhuman rights power point presentation education
human rights power point presentation educationcyfyvyto1
 
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptxHUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptxMrLucifer30
 
What does the_united_nations_do
What does the_united_nations_doWhat does the_united_nations_do
What does the_united_nations_doclemaitre
 
The united nations
The united nationsThe united nations
The united nationsAbdul Hayee
 
HuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdf
HuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdfHuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdf
HuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdfHemantKumarMeerotha
 
Role of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptx
Role of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptxRole of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptx
Role of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptxCity University Peshawar
 
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONSSam Mirza
 

Semelhante a 3rdlecture of human rights copy (20)

Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...
Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...
Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | The International Covenant on Economic, social and cu...
 
Human rights 2nd lecture
Human rights 2nd lectureHuman rights 2nd lecture
Human rights 2nd lecture
 
United nations organization2
United nations organization2United nations organization2
United nations organization2
 
Unaited Nation
Unaited NationUnaited Nation
Unaited Nation
 
Un
UnUn
Un
 
Introduction to the United Nations
Introduction to the United NationsIntroduction to the United Nations
Introduction to the United Nations
 
uno presentation
uno presentationuno presentation
uno presentation
 
human rights power point presentation education
human rights power point presentation educationhuman rights power point presentation education
human rights power point presentation education
 
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptxHUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
 
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptxHUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
HUMAN RIGHTS.pptx
 
What does the_united_nations_do
What does the_united_nations_doWhat does the_united_nations_do
What does the_united_nations_do
 
The united nations
The united nationsThe united nations
The united nations
 
Human Rights protection mechanism
Human Rights protection mechanismHuman Rights protection mechanism
Human Rights protection mechanism
 
Human rights
Human rightsHuman rights
Human rights
 
HuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdf
HuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdfHuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdf
HuamRightsIntroInternationalHumanRights2008.pdf
 
United Nation
United NationUnited Nation
United Nation
 
Role of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptx
Role of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptxRole of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptx
Role of United Nations resolving international disputes.pptx
 
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION- EVERYTHING ABOUT UNITED NATIONS
 
United nations
United nationsUnited nations
United nations
 
5th lecture ppp
5th lecture ppp5th lecture ppp
5th lecture ppp
 

Mais de Mostafa Ahmed

6th lec human rights
6th lec human rights6th lec human rights
6th lec human rightsMostafa Ahmed
 
Fourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rightsFourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rightsMostafa Ahmed
 
Fourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rightsFourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rightsMostafa Ahmed
 
Human rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentationHuman rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentationMostafa Ahmed
 
Human rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentationHuman rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentationMostafa Ahmed
 
Risk and insurance management model questions
Risk and insurance management model questionsRisk and insurance management model questions
Risk and insurance management model questionsMostafa Ahmed
 
Human rights model exam
Human rights model examHuman rights model exam
Human rights model examMostafa Ahmed
 
8th and last lecture
8th and last lecture8th and last lecture
8th and last lectureMostafa Ahmed
 

Mais de Mostafa Ahmed (11)

6th lec human rights
6th lec human rights6th lec human rights
6th lec human rights
 
Fourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rightsFourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rights
 
Fourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rightsFourth lecture of human rights
Fourth lecture of human rights
 
Human rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentationHuman rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentation
 
Human rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentationHuman rights 1st lecture presentation
Human rights 1st lecture presentation
 
Risk and insurance management model questions
Risk and insurance management model questionsRisk and insurance management model questions
Risk and insurance management model questions
 
Human rights model exam
Human rights model examHuman rights model exam
Human rights model exam
 
8th and last lecture
8th and last lecture8th and last lecture
8th and last lecture
 
seventh lecture
seventh lectureseventh lecture
seventh lecture
 
6th lec hr
6th lec hr6th lec hr
6th lec hr
 
5th lecture ppp
5th lecture ppp5th lecture ppp
5th lecture ppp
 

3rdlecture of human rights copy

  • 1. 3rd lecture of Human rights
  • 2. Chapter 3 United Nations and human rights
  • 3. SECTION 1 Purposes of the united nation  The United Nations was established following to the conclusion of the Second World War and in the light of Allied planning and intentions expressed during that conflict.  The United Nations is a complex intergovernmental organization that includes a network of bodies, agencies, and affiliates; Its charter has given all principal organs a direct or indirect role in the field of human rights.
  • 4. The purposes of the UN are set out in article 1 of the charter as follows:  1-To maintain international peace and security , and to that end , to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace.
  • 5. 2-To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self –determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace.  3-To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic , social, cultural or humanitarian character , and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.  4-To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of theses common ends.
  • 6. The UN has six principles organs The general assembly. Social and The Security economic Council. council. International Secretariat court of justice. Trusteeship council
  • 7. 11- the general assembly 
  • 8. The General Assembly is the main body that grants each member state one vote and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.  It is an important discussion forum, and declarations and treaties are adopted only after they have been voted on in the General Assembly.  It can also issue recommendations and pass resolutions, but the General Assembly has no powers to compel member states to act. Nevertheless, in addition to the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the General Assembly was crucial in setting the principles with regard to war crimes and crimes against humanity, in 1946, the General Assembly affirmed that genocide was a crime against international law. This was an important step toward the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.  In 1945, the UN had 51 members. It now has 192, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries.
  • 10. It includes five permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—each of which has veto power on any Security Council resolution. It also includes ten rotating members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly, in a manner that would reflect a balance in the representation of major geographic regions.  The Security Council is expected to resolve disputes by peaceful means but is also empowered to impose binding economic and military sanctions to enforce UN resolution and international law.
  • 12. The International Court of Justice, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.  It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies.  Its Statute is an integral part of the United Nations Charter.
  • 14. The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the Organization.  It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN: administering peacekeeping operations, surveying economic and social trends, preparing studies on human rights, among others.
  • 16. is an intergovernmental body charged by the UN Charter to undertake studies and make recommendations on a broad spectrum of issues, including human rights. The size of the membership was expanded , into fifty- three.
  • 18. The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence.  By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence. Its work completed, the Council has amended its rules of procedure to meet as and where occasion may require.
  • 19. Section 2 Sources of human rights
  • 20. A-International instruments (general instruments)  The most basic instrument laying the foundation of international human rights law is the charter of the United Nations.  The various human rights clauses of the U.N. charter speaks in terms of promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
  • 21. The elaboration of the generally worded human rights clause of the UN Charter took the form of the International Bill of Human Rights, which encompasses: 1-The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.  2-The International Covenant on Economic , social and cultural rights of 1966.  3-The International covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966.  4-The optional protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights.  These instruments present with a view to establish a world-wide system for the promotion and protection of human rights, a comprehensive enumeration of a wide variety of human rights and fundamental freedom, in recognition that " the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world."
  • 22. B-Regional instruments  Other comprehensive instruments, covering a large number of human rights, which have been drown up at the regional level, are:  1-The American declaration of the rights and duties of man of 1948 and the American convention on human rights of 1969.  2-The European convention of human rights and fundamental freedoms of 1950 with its five protocols and European social charter of 1961.  3-The African charter on human and people's rights of 1981.  "The regional conventions represent an effort by the states concerned to try out new methods of realizing human rights in practice, and that, from this point of view, they are justified."
  • 23. C-Specific Instruments  There are also some specific instruments such as;  1-The convention on the prevention and punishment of the genocide 1948.  2-The international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination of 1965.  3-The international convention on the suppression and punished of the crime of apartheid of 1973.  4-The convention of the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women of 1979.  5-The conventions and recommendation of the international labor organization. 
  • 24. 6-The convention of the U.N.E.S.C.O United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization  The UNESCO works to create the conditions for dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based upon respect for commonly shared values. It is through this dialogue that the world can achieve global visions of sustainable development encompassing observance of human rights, mutual respect and the alleviation of poverty, all of which are at the heart of UNESCO’S mission and activities  (This Convention is on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970)
  • 25. End of the third lecture