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KinPhy
- 1. KinPhy: A Kinetic In-Band Channel for Millimetre-Wave Networks Mohammed Alloulah Zoran Radivojevic, René Mayrhofer, and Howard Huang Mohammed Alloulah, Zoran Radivojevic, René Mayrhofer, and Howard Huang. 2019. KinPhy: A Kinetic In-Band Channel for Millimetre-Wave Networks. In The 17th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys ’19), November 10–13, 2019, New York, NY, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3356250.3360039
- 2. 2 Bell Labs, Cambridge Zoran Radivojevic René Mayrhofer Howard HuangMo Alloulah Bell Labs, Cambridge JKU, Linz Bell Labs, Murray Hill
- 3. 0 10GHz 20GHz 30GHz 40GHz 50GHz 60GHz 70GHz 80GHZ 90GHz 100GHz Next Gen WiFiWiFi vast spectrum dense, compact antenna arrays 1-1 0 0.5 2 -0.5 04 0 6 -0.5 8 0.5 -110 1 E H sub 6GHz 60GHz finer wavelength mm-wave
- 4. 0 10GHz 20GHz 30GHz 40GHz 50GHz 60GHz 70GHz 80GHZ 90GHz 100GHz Next Gen WiFiWiFi vast spectrum dense, compact antenna arrays 1-1 0 0.5 2 -0.5 04 0 6 -0.5 8 0.5 -110 1 E H sub 6GHz 60GHz finer wavelength mm-wave Challenge networking orthodoxies
- 5. Voltage OFDM Waveform -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Frequency (d) Communication Sensing (a) Communication only Communication and Sensing Communications Payload Sensing Preamble Communications Payload Communications Preamble Communications Preamble (b) Up Down Start Frequency End Frequency ~~ ~~ Start Time End Time Time Voltage Frequency Time Chirp Waveform (c) Vision: Joint Communication & Sensing for Millimetre-Wave Networks
- 6. Voltage OFDM Waveform -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Frequency (d) Communication Sensing (a) Communication only Communication and Sensing Communications Payload Sensing Preamble Communications Payload Communications Preamble Communications Preamble (b) Up Down Start Frequency End Frequency ~~ ~~ Start Time End Time Time Voltage Frequency Time Chirp Waveform (c) Vision: Joint Communication & Sensing for Millimetre-Wave Networks
- 7. Voltage OFDM Waveform -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Frequency (d) Communication Sensing (a) Communication only Communication and Sensing Communications Payload Sensing Preamble Communications Payload Communications Preamble Communications Preamble (b) Up Down Start Frequency End Frequency ~~ ~~ Start Time End Time Time Voltage Frequency Time Chirp Waveform (c) Vision: Joint Communication & Sensing for Millimetre-Wave Networks Built-in, high-fidelity sensing mode in next gen networks Will make possible new compelling capabilities
- 8. KinPhy Kinetic Physical Layer:=
- 9. KinPhy Kinetic Physical Layer:= Physically oscillating metasurfaces Trans’d Refl’d Transmitted Reflected Node 2 Node N Node 1 …
- 10. KinPhy Kinetic Physical Layer:= Micrometre-scale vibrations of phone form factors can backscatter information to an mm-wave router Physically oscillating metasurfaces Trans’d Refl’d Transmitted Reflected Node 2 Node N Node 1 …
- 12. READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations KinPhy Consists of 2 components + channel - metasurface - radar reader
- 13. READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations Channel Over-the-air round-trip radio signal strength decays in 4th power of distance
- 14. READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations Channel Prx ∝ Ptx R4 i.e. ∝ 1 R4 Over-the-air round-trip radio signal strength decays in 4th power of distance
- 15. READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations Channel Prx ∝ Ptx R4 i.e. Calls for robust metasurface modulation to compensate for distance-dependent losses ∝ 1 R4 Over-the-air round-trip radio signal strength decays in 4th power of distance
- 16. READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations Metasurface Consists of 2 components + channel - metasurface - radar reader
- 17. Metasurface Precise mechanical actuation for accurate phase modulation of reflected mm-wave. μm
- 18. Metasurface Precise mechanical actuation for accurate phase modulation of reflected mm-wave. μm Iterative in-house prototyping
- 19. Metasurface Precise mechanical actuation for accurate phase modulation of reflected mm-wave. μm Iterative in-house prototyping Measurement Display Control Panel Excitation Amplifier Device Under Test Microscope
- 20. Metasurface Precise mechanical actuation for accurate phase modulation of reflected mm-wave. μm Iterative in-house prototyping Measurement Display Control Panel Excitation Amplifier Device Under Test Microscope Device Under Test Measurement Display Microscope
- 21. Winning Metasurface Design 2 © Nokia 20162 © Nokia 2016 <Change information classification in footer> Vibrating surface mm-wave Ground plane SIDE view TOP view Structure of Vibrating reflective surface Conductive jig Piezo actuators d d+Dd
- 22. Winning Metasurface Design 2 © Nokia 20162 © Nokia 2016 <Change information classification in footer> Vibrating surface mm-wave Ground plane SIDE view TOP view Structure of Vibrating reflective surface Conductive jig Piezo actuators d d+Dd Fabrication details in paper
- 25. READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations KinPhy Consists of 2 components + channel - metasurface - radar reader
- 26. Radar Shine mm-wave onto remote metasurface Decode kinetically backscattered signal READER CHANNEL METASURFACE Transmitter Receiver Transmitted Signal Reflected Signal Physical Oscillations
- 27. Radar Shine mm-wave onto remote metasurface Decode kinetically backscattered signal FFT CFAR Peak Detection raw radar ADC Fast-Time FFT CFAR Peak Detection Slow-Time Preprocessing PSD Integration DOA MIXER DESPREADER Peak Detection DSSS Demod coded surface info: - range - range rate - angle - KSSI range info range rate info 0 10 20 30 40 lag (sec) 20 30 40 50 60 70 despreader(dB) 20 40 60 80 100 freq. (Hz) -20 0 20 40 60 PSD(dB/Hz) 0 50 100 150 200 250 range bin 20 40 60 80 power(dB) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 range rate bin 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 power(dB) (a) overall pipeline (b.i) (b) output (b.ii) (b.iii) (b.iv)
- 28. Radar Shine mm-wave onto remote metasurface Decode kinetically backscattered signal FFT CFAR Peak Detection raw radar ADC Fast-Time FFT CFAR Peak Detection Slow-Time Preprocessing PSD Integration DOA MIXER DESPREADER Peak Detection DSSS Demod coded surface info: - range - range rate - angle - KSSI range info range rate info 0 10 20 30 40 lag (sec) 20 30 40 50 60 70 despreader(dB) 20 40 60 80 100 freq. (Hz) -20 0 20 40 60 PSD(dB/Hz) 0 50 100 150 200 250 range bin 20 40 60 80 power(dB) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 range rate bin 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 power(dB) (a) overall pipeline (b.i) (b) output (b.ii) (b.iii) (b.iv) Signal processing details in paper
- 30. Implementation In-house metasurface Off-the-shelf Radar from Texas Instruments Configurable FMCW signalling DAQ for raw data 10 dBm Tx power
- 31. Evaluation 5m Radar Metasurface •Distance: d ∈ [1, 3, 5]m •Bandwidth: [1.75, 3.5] GHz •Gold code: [63, 127, 511] chips •Yaw: [0, ±5, ±10, ±22.5, ±45, ±67.5, 90, 180]° •Pitch: [0, ±22.5, ±45, ±67.5, 90]° Dataset
- 32. Results - Detection Accuracy 1.75 GHz 3.5 GHz Investigate effects of distance, axial alignment, coding gain, and bandwidth
- 33. Results - Detection Accuracy 1.75 GHz 3.5 GHz Finding 1: coding gain compensates for distance and axial misalignment losses
- 34. Results - Detection Accuracy 1.75 GHz 3.5 GHz Finding 2: Using less bandwidth enhances performance
- 35. Results - Kinetic Signal Strength Indicator (KSSI) Investigate KSSI in yaw and pitch as a function of distance and coding gain
- 36. Results - Kinetic Signal Strength Indicator (KSSI) Finding 3: Decent KSSI even when metasurface was i.e. facing away from radar 180o
- 37. Results - NLOS Detection Finding 4: Many successful demodulations were possible from NLOS reflections in a cluttered office environment, originating from as far as 12 metres away
- 38. [II] Provocations & Applications
- 40. Beam alignment KinPhy Applications [Abari & Hassanieh SigComm ’18]
- 41. KinPhy Applications Surface sequence A Surface sequence C … 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 time time Multi-metasurface KinPhy Metasurface sequence A Metasurface sequence B Metasurface sequence C BeamA Beam BBeam C Node 2 Transmitted Reflected Node 1Beam alignment at physical-layer ?
- 42. KinPhy Applications Security & Privacy
- 43. Current Spontaneous Authentication Is “Clunky” Apple echo-system example: Screen Mirroring
- 44. Current Spontaneous Authentication Is “Clunky” Apple echo-system example: Screen Mirroring (1)
- 45. Current Spontaneous Authentication Is “Clunky” Apple echo-system example: Screen Mirroring (1) (2)
- 46. Current Spontaneous Authentication Is “Clunky” Apple echo-system example: Screen Mirroring (1) (2) (3)
- 47. Current Spontaneous Authentication Is “Clunky” Apple echo-system example: Screen Mirroring (1) (2) (3) (4)
- 49. Conclusions KinPhy is a novel “mechanical” backscatter channel Maps onto commodity tri-band routers [capable of communications sensing] & modern haptics. Empirically shown to work indoors under realistic conditions and assumptions Affords particular benefits to spontaneous secure interaction Physically oscillating metasurfaces Trans’d Refl’d Transmitted Reflected Node 2 Node N Node 1 …
- 50. Cheers alloulah [@] outlook . com