17 وقاية خطوط النقل الكهربى1 Transmission Line Protection.pdf

1. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
١
‫א‬
:
١٧
‫אنא‬
:
‫طאא‬ ‫و‬
Transmission Line Protection
١
−
!!
#$
)
٤
(
‫(طאא‬ )*+,-‫א‬. /‫אعא‬12345‫א‬6
. /‫א‬78‫א‬ 95‫وא‬:‫;א‬29=9‫و‬
.
@ ‫א‬$‫و‬
١٧
‫و‬
١٨
B4‫ض‬59D
‫وאق‬ ‫א‬FGHI 1JD‫دא‬L8‫و‬9‫طא‬M‫א‬ ‫و‬$!N5OJ‫אقא‬
FG/‫א‬78)P‫و;א‬9QRS!N5OJ‫א‬9 OT‫א‬
.
٢
−
95‫دא‬ ‫مز‬ X‫طא‬ ‫و‬
Overcurrent Protection
DHY(9‫و‬/‫א‬ ‫א‬X1I
‫ل‬ H[‫و‬+!]5Y5‫א^وא‬F‫א‬I‫א‬ 95‫א‬9‫س‬
95‫دא‬ ‫אمز‬N5D ‫א‬X1$‫س‬ D/‫אא‬8)‫و‬
.
`‫א‬X1$‫طא‬ ‫وو‬
!M‫א‬$aH b
;#J‫א‬c4‫ن‬Hd4e9^ 51f‫نאא‬ c ‫م‬F(9g4Rh5J‫א‬
i9Oj9(i( !)‫و‬4‫لא‬F
i9k5J‫(=وא‬5NJ‫אقא‬+!‫د‬l )‫و‬ImJ‫א‬
i9O5‫جوא‬5‫قא‬oX‫(و‬J‫א‬9^ 51f‫אא‬
)
+!F‫א‬
−
95‫א‬
(
9D DH‫ق‬o[m;$
Y(‫د‬45!ao !I‫طذא‬ 9g*Y5‫وא‬9(T‫وא‬9 4qr‫אوא^א‬ 5h !59DY5‫وא‬
‫א‬5‫א‬
.
9O5‫ق‬o[m;
ImJ‫א‬i
:
H
(
+!F i9O5‫א‬
Time grading
:
sJ‫א‬+!4‫א‬t c((H‫لن‬ /‫א‬I‫א‬ 9‫ن‬H9u5O‫א‬78)$
+!g OJ‫א‬I‫زאد‬ c(Y5‫وא‬RD !G5!I‫א‬ 9c4Y5ImJ‫א‬QRS‫א‬8‫و‬
sJ‫א‬
.
qv ‫و‬
)
١
(
i9O5‫א‬f w!
`. Q‫م‬ X1Y(R! 95
4qx
.
‫ط‬ ‫א‬+!$
٢
−
٣
−
٤
−
٥
{2+!‫وز‬ 9‫د‬ ‫ز‬e‫ود‬F! ‫وو‬G
‫د‬#
definite time-delay overcurrent relay
.
. 51/‫א‬9(c$d!F‫{א‬25‫)א‬ O‫و‬
selectivity
.
ao ‫א‬J‫א‬QR 5‫و‬
٢
d!‫{ز‬2H(
)
٠،٢٥
91 ;
.(
(‫و‬
ao ‫א‬J‫א‬L‫ذ‬
٣
d!‫{ز‬2(
٠،٥
ao ‫א‬J‫وא‬91 ;
٤
91 ;(
‫وא‬
.
‫א‬s[‫و‬ $‫و‬
F
ao ‫א‬J‫א‬c49D
٢
‫ل‬F4‫وم‬

2. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٢
ImJ‫א‬c4‫ن‬HR‫و‬4‫لא‬ ~
٣
−
٤
−
٥
.
78)9‫و‬
{2€g‫ل‬oH‫ن‬H‫א‬
c9(Hs‫א‬ 5‫ن‬9sJ‫א‬1 ‚‫ن‬d!‫ز‬
.
q
)
١
:(
4q‫א‬QM+!F i9O5‫א‬HR!
t
(
95 i9O5‫א‬
Current grading
:
sJ‫‚אא‬+, !ƒH‫ن‬s‫א‬ 9‫ن‬H9+!‫د‬ =5Df‫א‬5‫א‬78)$
5 ‫و‬
sJ‫א‬+g OJ‫א‬I4 c(„ 5 95(9(ImJ‫א‬QR 5
.
v ‫و‬
h‫א‬
)
٢
(
Q‫ل‬o( 95‫א‬9i9O5f w!
.
i9O5‫א‬I‫א‬F9 ‫و‬t9‫ض‬59D‫و‬
!‫د‬ ‫(א‬w!/‫א‬o+ 95
.
q
)
٢
:(
4qx‫م‬ X 95 i9O5‫א‬

3. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٣
‫ل‬ w!
)
١
:(
R5
q$v J‫א‬ 4qr‫مא‬ X‫א‬
)
٣
(
‫ل‬ †4‫א‬I‫א‬ 9O‫א‬،
FE , FD ,
FC , FD, FA
‫€אض‬g +!F i9O5‫א‬o‫س‬ DHY(Imc(QR ‡‫وא€א‬
٣٠
٪
‫ل‬ ~
2N(
.
q
)
٣
:(
‫ل‬ wc( 4qr‫مא‬ X‫א‬
)
١
(
T‫א‬
:
)‫م‬ X‫א‬G
١١
O‰‫א‬8Š‫و‬Pg(9
‹ 4‫א‬ 9
:
I = V/XF = 11000/ √3 / XF
9
XF
4‫א‬1ŒxsJ‫א‬+!( =J‫)א‬
.
4‫א‬ $‫و‬
FA
‫ن‬
:
XFA = 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.05 + 2.1 = 2.9 ohm
)4‫א‬ 9‫;ن‬+!‫و‬
:
IFA = 11000/ (√3 x 2.91) = 2189.95 A
4‫وא‬
FB
‫ن‬
:
XFB = 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.05 = 0.8 ohm
4‫א‬ 9‫;ن‬+!‫و‬
:
IFB = 11000/ (√3 x 0.8) = 7938.57 A
4‫وא‬
C
‫ن‬
:
XFC = 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75 ohm
4‫א‬ 9‫;ن‬+!‫و‬
:
IFC = 11000/ (√3 x 0.75) = 8476.8 A
‫ن‬/‫و‬
FD
+!‫א‬b
GR
FC
‫ن‬H]55O1
:
IFD = IFC = 8476.8 A
4‫وא‬
E
‫ن‬
:
XFE = 0.5 ohm
‫א‬8Š‫و‬
:
IFE = 11000/ (√3 x 0. 5) = 12701.71 A
J‫א‬5O9D‫و‬
)
١
(
‫ل‬ †
FB
‫و‬
FC
jR 5‫و‬
١٣٠
٪
4‫א‬ 9+!
FA
‫א‬8Š‫و‬
:
IS1 = 1.3 IFA = 2846.93 A
J‫א‬95O9D‫و‬
)
٢
(
‫ل‬ †
FD , FE
QRS9D‫و‬
:
IS2 = 1.3 IFC 11008.14 A
J‫نא‬HXm!a!
)
٢
(
‫ل‬ †95O+
FC, FB, FA

4. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٤
) X‫א‬sJ‫א‬9(Œx`‫`Žد‬8‫وא‬4‫א‬ 9`5O!$I‫{א‬9ul )‫ن‬ b
9(c‫و‬
XS
٥٠
٪
sJ‫وא‬ 4!$‫د‬ ‫ز‬s!L‫ƒذ‬54‫و‬
)
= S!
XS
(
L895‫و‬
9
‫دم‬ ‫لא‬ wJ‫א‬$k !L‫^]ذ‬ 51‫و‬4‫א‬I‫א‬ 9
.
‫ل‬ w!
)
٢
:(
`‫Žد‬sJ‫`א‬5O!{9ua!i O‫لא‬ wJ‫א‬$‫د‬GJ‫مא`א‬ X1=1‫€אض‬g
{9uŒx
XS
+!
٥
،
٠
cY( ){;2‫دس‬H‫و‬4‫א‬I‫א‬ 9G‫و‬H،‫وم‬H‫وא‬x‫وم‬H
ImJ‫א‬
.
T‫א‬
:
‫א‬
4J‫א‬I‫א‬ 95‫א‬9)!‫د‬ ‫א‬I‫א‬ 95
:
IFA = 11000/ (√3 x 2.95) = 2152.83 A
IFB = 11000/ (√3 x1.3) = 4885.27 A
IFC = 11000/ (√3 x1.25) = 5080.68 A
IFE = 11000/ (√3 x1.0) = 6350.85 A
J‫زאلא‬ !‫و‬
)
١
(
‫ل‬ †95O
FC,FB
J‫وא‬
)
٢
(
e`/95O+
9g
FE
( =J‫لذوא‬ ‫دא‬G‫نو‬HXm!a!
)
X=2.1
(
c‫م‬4D D/‫א‬RO‫)א‬
J‫א‬
)
١
(
@^‫אא‬ cT b
9(c9 95 i9O5‫א‬o‫אم‬N5D g‫א‬8Š‫و‬c9(D
ao‫אא‬
١،٢
‫@א‬4!c9 Š‫و‬ 4!l )P1 ‫ذא‬xL‫ذ‬a!‫و‬
‫א‬78)45Dao‫א‬
9(c
.
٣
−
O4‫א‬d!F‫א‬ 95‫دא‬ ‫مز‬ X cT‫א‬
Time Overcurrent Relaying
-
Inverse
:
J‫א‬o‫אم‬N5D 5‫א‬6L8‫و‬ c9 Š Di9O5(‫ن‬ 5!N5OJ‫نא‬ 5‫א‬ 5(
‫د‬ T‫א‬s‫א‬Y((u5( 95‫دא‬ FO4‫א‬d!F‫א‬
‫و‬H 95 i9O5‫א‬+! b
H‫אم‬N5D‫א‬RO[
9`5O!a! b
9OJ‫א‬9uh+!‫ز‬D 5w w‫אא‬78)‫אم‬N5D ‫وو‬+!F‫א‬
4‫א‬
،
qv ‫و‬
)
٤
(
I m4‫א‬78)
.
‫ع‬1+!c(‫אص‬M‫وא‬
)
CO -7
(
w/‫א‬Y)
‫אم‬N5Df‫א‬$ b
9q
،
qv ‫و‬
)
٥
(
‫אم‬N5D P i9O5‫א‬a! 4qxQ‫م‬ X1
ao‫دאא‬G!9O9!‫ز‬Im!
٢،١
،
٣
.
„1i‰O4‫א‬d!F‫א‬ 95‫دא‬ ‫ز‬o‫אم‬N5D g ‫طא‬ 1+!R‫لא‬ †RO ‫و‬
J‫ز!א‬/‫א‬$v ‫وא‬
4‫א‬+!„(N5((
.
a!9uh5‫א‬+!‫ز‬j9gD 5‘8‫وא‬d!F‫א‬ 95‫!א‬9uhQRS‫ن‬ 5oG! =s‫و‬
c)‫و‬ 95‫א‬c9
:

5. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٥
١
−
J‫א‬7c4`8‫א‬ 95‫’א‬5
)
Q(‫א‬ 9
Pik up current
(
QRS
‫ط‬ 1
95‫א‬3(!
)
Tap
(
95‫א‬QR (9D‫אمو‬N5D‫وא‬H
)
C.T.S
(
95‫א‬j12Q(‫א‬ 934a!
a‫א‬FG/!m5‫א‬t Hi(“‫و‬J‫א‬c$RO5`8‫א‬
.
٢
−
(”/‫א‬a ‫Œא‬x‫د‬ r‫نא‬ !Œx{h‫و‬J‫א‬7c4‘8‫א‬+!F‫א‬49•
c9`H‫و‬QRS(a ‫`و‬H9uh5‫א‬+!‫ز‬a!{u5`8‫وא‬lk5J‫!א‬m5‫א‬9S
95(
.
q
)
٤
:(
J‫א‬I 9k!‫ل‬ q/1 !
CO
q
)
٥
:(
4qx‫م‬ X1Y(+!F i9O5‫א‬a!Od!‫ز‬ ‫مو‬ X1i9R
+!F(94!c99uh5‫א‬ 9+!‫د‬45!9 !+!F‫א‬f9!F‫^„א‬ sM‫א‬D‫و‬
)
Time dial
(
(5–‫ل‬ qHO—l )‫و‬
I 9kc(=
:
G‫د‬sf
CO- 11
‫א‬b
G‫ل‬ 
CO - 9

6. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٦

CO - 8
‫ل‬54!
CO - 7
{u”‫د‬#c9
CO - 6
q$ 4!‫ل‬ q/‫א‬78)‫و‬
)
٤
(
‫ل‬ q/‫א‬v ‫و‬
)
٦
،
٧
(
@9(9s=5‫א‬I cO‫^„وא‬ sM‫א‬
ImJ‫א‬+!
.
q
)
٦
:(
‫אص‬
‫ع‬1+!d!‫ز‬2a! 95‫دא‬ ‫!ز‬
CO-7

7. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٧
q
)
٧
:(
‫ع‬1+!c( 95‫א‬a!+!F‫א‬I 9k!
CO-8
‫ل‬ w!
)
٣
:(
4qr‫مא‬ X‫א‬ R5
)
١١
Pg(9
(
q$v J‫א‬
)
٨
(
‫ن‬H‫€אض‬g ‫و‬
‫!א‬ 4!=1 Š‫ل‬ ™/‫א‬
،
‫م‬ X‫א‬ !‫ز‬m‫א‬J‫א‬QR 9‫د‬
‫€אض‬g
‫ع‬1+!!‫אم‬N5D‫א‬
CO-7
)
q$k !‫אאع‬8)„^ s
)
٦
.((
q
)
٨
:(
4q‫مא‬ X‫ل‬ w!
T‫א‬
:
−
‹ O’cT‫א‬I 9
:
−
I1 = 4 x 106
/ (√3(11x103
)) = 209.95 A
I2 = 2.5 x 106
/ (√3(11x103
)) = 131.22 A
I3 = 6.75 x 106
/ (√3(11x103
)) = 354.28 A
‹ ao J‫لא‬m949R‫א‬I‫א‬ 95‫א‬O’‫و‬
:
I21 = I1 = 209.95
I32 = I21 + I2 = 341.16 A
Is = I32 + I3 = 695.44 A
‫و‬
‹ J‫א‬I‫א‬ 9‫ن‬ 4J‫א‬ 95‫’א‬O1a!
:

8. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٨
i21 = 209.95 / 200/5 = 5.25 A
i32 = 341.16 / 200/5 = 8.53 A
i21 = 695.44 / 400/5 = 8.69
95‫א‬QR ‫ط‬ 1’‫א‹ن‬ ,‫و‬
)
C.T.S
(
9uh5‫א‬ 9‫و‬H
)
pick up current
(
4š
5J‫א‬ 95‫א‬QR ‫ط‬ 1‫ن‬ImJ‫א‬+!‫אאع‬8Š‫و‬949R‫א‬I‫א‬ 95‫א‬c4fJ‫א‬
)
٤
−
٥
−
٦
−
٧
−
٨
−
٩
−
١٠
−
١٢
a (‫{و‬R!H
)
١
(
J‫א‬$49R‫א‬ 95‫א‬c9‫ن‬
)
٥،٢٥
{R!H
)
5.25 A
(
5œL8‫و‬
:
( C.T.S )1 = 6 A
a (‫و‬
)
٢
(
)c(49R‫א‬ 95‫א‬c9‫ن‬
8.53 A
5œL8‫و‬
:
( C.T.S )2 = 10 A
a (RO ‫و‬
)
٣
(
( C.T.S )3 = 10 A
5 1HXm!a!
25‫א‬ 95‫א‬Y)9 5‫א‬M‫وא‬،49R‫א‬ 95‫א‬+!(HQRS(c9t‫א‬
c45J‫א‬d!F‫א‬
+!F‫א‬QR žjF!`8‫وא‬
)
T.D.S
(
s‫א‬ 99‫אم‬N5D‫א‬5 9g‫و‬
J‫א‬$ 95‫نא‬9D‫و‬ImJ‫@א‬i9O5‫א‬5-O ‫א‬
)
١
(
‫א‬s
)
١
(
)
:
isc1 = 2500 / ( 200/5) = 62.5 A
c9‫و‬H9uh5‫א‬ 9+!‫د‬45!c9j{R45 ‫و‬
)
C.T.S
(
Y(skD
:
isc1/(C.T.S)1 = 62.5 / 6 = 10.42
c9H 5ND‫و‬
T.D.S
J‫^„א‬ sŒx‫ع‬G ‫א‬8Š‫و‬c4‫א‬$‫ع‬D/‫א‬c(
Y(skD
J‫א‬9uh+!‫ز‬
)
١
(
14
)
١
(
`‫و‬ O
:
( T. D. S .) 1 = 1 / 2
J‫^„א‬ sŒ‫א‬ qr ‫و‬
،
J‫א‬9uhP‫نو‬
١
s
١
)
T11 ≈ 0.15 s
‫א‬J‫א‬c4Y‫و‬
٢
‫א‬s
١
،
7P‫‡و‬ cO‫و‬
١
,
‫ز‬ Gc491 ;
‫א‬
7‫!א‬P‫א‬Yg2L8‫و‬a
٣
,
P‫Œא‬xg r
T11
Y(‫א‬ 95‫Œنא‬ 5 ‫و‬
`‫و‬ O
:
T21 = T11 + 0.1 + 0.3 = 0.55 s
+!3 Scs‫א‬ 9c9‫ون‬
C.T.S.
1
٢
‘‫و‬ O
:
isc1 / ( C.T. S.)2 = 62.5 / 10 = 6.25
J‫א‬I 9k!+!‫و‬
٥٥
،
.
3 SRO1‫و‬
٦,٢٥
،
(s
:
( T. D. S .)2 ≈ 2.0
J‫א‬QRS({/‫(א‬J‫وא‬
٣
.
9S‫א‬s‫و‬
)
٢
(
¡(Rs‫א‬ 9c9
٣٠٠٠
{R!H
!c4¢D‫و‬
٢
P‫و‬4
T22
isc1/(C.T.S)2 = 3000 /((200/5)x10 ) = 7.5
T22 = 0.5 s

9. ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
)
١٧
(
٩
!`‫و‬ O‫و=ض‬
٣
a J‫א‬s
٢
(s
:
T32 = T22 + 0.1 + 0.3 = 0.9 s
5 9uh5‫א‬ 9+!= Sc 95‫א‬+{R45‫א‬5‫و‬
:
isc2/(C.T.S)3 = 3000 /((400/5)x10 ) = 3.75
$‫و‬
T3 = 0.9 s
(J‫א‬m+!s RO‫و=א‬
:
( T. D. S .)3 ≈ 2.5