Distance protection
Info - 1
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection
7SA522 and 7SA6
Productmanager Distance Protection
Michael Claus
EV S V 13 Nürnberg H
Phone: +49 911 433 8261
Fax: +49 911 433 8301
Email: Michael.Claus@ev.siemens.de

Distance protection
Info - 2
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4 -
What it means
SIPROTEC 4
is a family of numerical
Protection, Control and Automation
Devices
from

Distance protection
Info - 3
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
7SA522
7SA6
7SA510
7SA511
7SA513
SIPROTEC 4
Software System
SIPROTEC 4
Hardware Platform
Distance protection: Past and Present

Distance protection
Info - 4
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection 7SA522 and 7SA6
7SA522 +
7SA6
One family of
distance
protection for
all voltage
applications

Distance protection
Info - 5
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance protection
7SA61 + 7SA522
 Protection
 4-line display
 MV, HV and EHV
7SA612 + 7SA522
7SA611 + 7SA522
7SA610
7SA63
 Protection + local control
 integrated graphic display
 mainly MV
7SA632
7SA631
7SA64
 Protection + local control
 detached control panel
 mainly MV
7SA642
7SA641
All core functions are
available in all the
housing versions

Distance protection
Info - 6
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00 17.10.97
en513all7
ANSI-No.
 21, 21N
 68
 FL
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Scope of functions (1)
 Distance Protection
 full scheme measurement with sophisticated loop selection
 fast three phase and single phase tripping
 with/without parallel line compensation
 special filtering for CVT transients
 special algorithm for detection and compensation of CT
saturation  Low demand on CT specification
 Power swing blocking/out-of-step tripping
 Fault Locator with/without parallel line compensation

Distance protection
Info - 7
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00 17.10.97
en513all8
 85-21
 50N, 51N,
67N
 85-67N
 WI
 50, 51
50N-2,
51N-2
ANSI-No.
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Scope of functions (2)
 Universal teleprotection interface
(PUTT, POTT, Blocking, Unblocking, DTT...)
 High resistance earth fault protection
for earthed systems
 Teleprotection interface for earth fault protection
(Directional comparison, Blocking, Unblocking)
 Weak infeed protection
(Echo and Trip)
 Overcurrent protection DMTL/IDMTL as parallel or
emergency function

Distance protection
Info - 8
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
ANSI-No.
 59, 27 1)
 50HS
 50-STUB
 79
 25
 50BF
 49 2)
1) 7SA522: Overvoltage, 7SA6: Over- and Undervoltage
2) available only in 7SA6
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Scope of functions (3)
 Voltage protection 1)
 Fast tripping with switch-onto-fault condition (12 ms)
 STUB Bus Overcurrent protection
 Single and three pole multishot automatic reclosure
 Synchro-check
 Circuit-breaker failure protection
 Thermal overload protection 2)
 Earth fault detection in compensated/isolated systems 2)

Distance protection
Info - 9
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
ANSI-No.
74TC
86
FR
47
* available approx. 1st Q/01
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Scope of functions (4)
 Trip Circuit Supervision
 Lock Out
 Oscillographic Fault Recording (total length 15 s)
 Voltage Phase Sequence
 Interfaces
 Time synchronization (IRIG-B, DCF77)
 User interface#1 (on the front for DIGSI 4)
 User-(Service-)interface #2 (on the rear, DIGSI 4/Modem)
 System interface (IEC60870-5-103/Profibus FMS/others)
 Remote relay interfaces #1 (planned for teleprotection*)
 1) Remote relay interfaces #2 (planned for teleprotection*)
1) available only in 7SA522

Distance protection
Info - 10
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Operating system monitoring
 Auxiliary voltage failure
 Measured value detection
 Buffer battery
 Hardware–Watchdog
 Software–Watchdog
 Working memory
 Program memory
 Parameter memory
 Sampling frequency
 1/5 A–setting
 Calibration data
 Earth current
transformer
sensitive/normal
 Modules (I/O Boards)
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Monitoring
Plausibility monitoring
 Current sum
 Current symmetry
 Open conductor
 Fuse Failure
 1- / 2-pole failures
 3-pole failures
 Voltage sum
 Voltage symmetry
 Voltage phase rotation
!

Distance protection
Info - 12
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Quadrilateral Characteristic
5 Zones (time delayed)
optionally:
- Forward
- Reverse
- Non-directional
Prevention of load
encroachment
Dependant Zone Z1b for
Teleprotection and
Auto-recloser
X
R
forwards
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
s
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
reverse
 Load
Load
Z1
Z2
Z4
Z3
Z1B
Z5
Line

SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection

Distance protection
Info - 13
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
% of zone 1 setting
tripping
time
(ms)
Relay S
SIPROTEC 4, 7SA522 + 7SA6
Relay E
Relay A
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Overall Trip Time Curves at SIR = 30
G VF
ZL
ZQ
E
If
distance relay

Distance protection
Info - 14
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
+ 2 .0 0
+ 1 .6 0
+ 1 .2 0
+ 0 .8 0
+ 0 .4 0
+ 0 .0 0
- 0 .4 0
- 0 .8 0
- 1 .2 0
A
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0
m s
E s t im a t o r 2 ( n = 6 )
E s t im a t o r 3 ( n = 8 )
E s t im a t o r 4 ( n = 1 0 )
N o r m a l s t a g e 1
( n = 2 1 )
N o r m a l s t a g e 2
( n = 2 6 )
N o r m a l s t a g e 3
ju m p d e t e c t io n
E s t im a t o r 5 ( n = 1 3 )
E s t im a t o r 6 ( n = 1 5 )
Estimator 1 (n=5)
SIPROTEC 4 Distance Protection,
Data window position, Adaptive Measuring Algorithm

Distance protection
Info - 15
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection Function: Difference 7SA522 - 7SA6
 7SA522
 for solid earthed systems
 quadrilateral and/or MHO characteristic
(MHO circle for specific markets, quadrilateral is preferred)
 full market introduction: 1999
 primary market outside continental Europe
 7SA6
 for systems with solid grounding or
reactance (compensated) / isolated treatment of system starpoint
 fault detection selectable as either I>, Z<, U/I and U/I/
 Market introduction: Summer 2000
 Primary market continental Europe

Distance protection
Info - 16
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection 7SA522
Mho Characteristic
5 Zones optionally:
- Forward
- Reverse
Prevention of load
encroachment
X
R

Z1
Z2
Z4
Z1B
Z5
Line
Z3 (if revers)
Load Load
Dependant Zone Z1b for
Teleprotection and
Auto-recloser

Distance protection
Info - 17
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4, Distance Protection
Parallel-line compensation: connection and setting
Q1
Q3
Q5
Q7
Q2
Q4
Q6
Q8
IL1(A)
IL2(B)
IL3(C)
L1 (A)
L2 (B)
L3 (C)
52 Circuit
breaker
Line
Busbar
52 Circuit
breaker
Parallel line
I4

Distance protection
Info - 18
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Patented power swing detection provides secure operation with
swing frequencies of up to 6 Hz
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
iL1/A
-4
-2
0
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
iL2/A
-2
0
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
iL3/A
-2
0
2
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
uL1/V
-50
0
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
uL2/V
-50
0
50
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
uL3/V
-50
0
50
t/s
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf
Relay TRIP
Relay PICKUP
Dis. reverse
Dis. forward
Dis.T.SEND
>DisTel Rec.Ch1
Power Swing
Example:
400 kV
400 km
fPS  2 Hz
3-pole fault

Distance protection
Info - 19
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Fault locator

Distance protection
Info - 20
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Z1 Z1B
L1-E
L2-E
A B
1 1
2 2
Z1
Z1B
A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal
 Maximum of Selectivity
Note: 3 binary channels for both directions are requested or (in preparation) one serial link
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Phase segregated Teleprotection

Distance protection
Info - 21
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Teleprotection with three-terminal lines
Software provides
teleprotection of three-
terminal lines without
additional logic

Distance protection
Info - 22
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
 Earth (zero sequence) current protection, 4 stages
 3 definite-time stages
 1 inverse-time stage: IEC, logarithmic inverse or ANSI characteristic
this stage can also be used as a 4th definite-time stage
 Directional determination with 3V0 and/or Ipol of an earthed power
transformer
 Directional determination with V2 and I2 (negative sequence)
 Sensitive 3I0-measurement with a dynamic from 0.003 A to 100 x In
 Elimination of higher harmonics with special digital filters
 Inrush-stabilisation with I0/100Hz
 Teleprotection: Directional comparison, Blocking or Unblocking
 Operation with weak infeed trip and echo
 Instantaneous trip after switch-onto-fault

Distance protection
Info - 23
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
3I0
T
T3I0>>
3I0>
T3I0>
T3I0>>>
3I0>> 3I0>>>
Definite-time characteristic

Distance protection
Info - 24
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
t
3I0 / 3I0p
Example: t = 5.8 - 1.35 ln(3I0 / 3I0p)
T3I0pmax (P3145)
T3I0p (P3144)
3I0p(P3140)
T3I0min
(P3141)
3I0p Startpoint(P3154)
Tripping characteristic Logarithmic Inverse

Distance protection
Info - 25
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
IEC-characteristic:
normal inverse:     Tp
Ip
I
s
t *
1
14
.
0
02
.
0









 very inverse:   Tp
Ip
I
s
t *
1
5
.
13


extremly inverse:     Tp
Ip
I
s
t *
1
80
2









 long time inverse:   Tp
Ip
I
s
t *
1
120


ANSI-characteristic:
  D
B
Ip
I
A
s
t N
*
1 
























Inverse
short inverse very inverse
long inverse extremly inverse
moderately inverse definite inverse
Logarithmic-inverse characteristic:
 
P
I
I
P
I
T
P
I
T
s
t
0
3
0
3
ln
*
0
3
max
0
3 
 for t>T3I0Pmin, otherwise: t[s]=T3I0Pmin

Distance protection
Info - 26
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
Inverse-time characteristic: IEC
3I0/Ip
T
Tp =1
b 20
0 a
Reset: b = 1.045 x 3I0/IP
Pickup: a = 1.1 x 3I0/IP

Distance protection
Info - 27
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
dB
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
f/fn
Filter characteristic for stages 3I0>>> and 3I0>>

Distance protection
Info - 28
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
Filter characteristic for stages 3I0> and Inverse time stage
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
dB
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
f/fn

Distance protection
Info - 29
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
Earth fault
direction
=
EF IE> Echo
3I0>>>
EF>>> Trip
P
EFp Trip
Inrush-
stabilisation
T(3I0/IN)
T
Tele-
protection
T
SOTF
= &
&
3I0>>> Def. Time Stage
Inverse Time Stage
&
&
P
>EF>>> block
Direc. 3I0>>>
P Direc. 3I0p
>EFp block
P 3I0p
EF Fault Det.
>EF Trip rel.
3I0>> Def. Time Stage
3I0> Def. Time Stage
= Input signal
(binary input)
P = Parameter = Output Signal
(alarm, command)
P3146 AddTdelay

Distance protection
Info - 30
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Z1(A)
T1B
Z1B
A B
Z1(B)
Z1B(A)
Z1B(B)
&
&
&
&
(A)
T1B
Z1B
(B)
OR
OR
OR
OR
TS
Z1 or
further
zones
trans-
mit
re-
ceive
Trip
Trip
re-
ceive
trans-
mit
Z1 or
further
zones
TS
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT)
TS

Distance protection
Info - 31
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4 Distance Protection
STUB protection for 11/2-circuit breaker arrangement
Busbar A
feeder
1
feeder
2
stub fault
IA
IB
Ik = IA+IB line isolator 1
line isolator 2
CB
(A)
CB
(C)
CB
(B)
Busbar B
Release of STUB-stage with open line isolator:

Distance protection
Info - 32
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Auto-reclosure (AR)
ON
OFF
2nd
dead time
T1-act
TRIP
1-pole
3-pole
1st
dead time
RE-
CLOSE
*
RE-
CLOSE
T2-act
TRIP
tzone-delay
ADT = Reclosure, when AR at the remote end was successful
DLC = Reclosure only on dead line
RDT = Reduced dead time, if trip had occurred with zone extension
final
TRIP
*
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Auto-reclosure

Distance protection
Info - 33
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
application examples functions
(separately settable for AR and
- combination with internal or manual closing)
external AR
- program selection via parameters:
- activation also for manual closing synchro-check / U1 > U2 < /
(settable) U1 < U2 > / U1 < U2 < / overrule
- asynchronous switching (settable) - all programs separately settable
via binary inputs
- synchronous monitoring time, after which
the closing will be blocked (settable)
parameters measurement
- voltages U<, U>, U - evaluation of the fundamental wave
- f synchronous switching (0.01 ... 0.03 Hz) - insensitive against harmonics
- f asynchronous switching (0.03 ... 1 Hz) - for dead line check all three phases
are controlled
-  (1° ... 60°)
16.10.97
engersyn1
Synchronism-check

Distance protection
Info - 34
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Breaker failure protection
 2 stages
 Internal initiation and via binary inputs
 Extremely short reset time: approx. 10ms
 End-fault protection
 Pole discrepancy supervision

Distance protection
Info - 35
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection
with light
or electrical
 exchangeable
 upgradeable
7SA522

Distance protection
Info - 37
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
User friendly Operation
Safe operation,
reduced training
requirements
Fits all applications
System concept
SIPROTEC and SICAM
Flexible Functionality and
Open Communication
One Family
SIPROTEC 4 -
Distance Protection

Distance protection
Info - 38
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Full Logic
Functionality
Additional logic
Interlocking
Measured values
processing
Log. IN 1
Log. IN 2
Log.IN3
Logic inputs from
the matrix to CFC
Logic outputs to the
configuration matrix
F1
F2
>1
CFC
Log.OUT1
Distance Protection 7SA522
What makes these devices so attractive ?

Distance protection
Info - 39
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
Comprehensive
measured value
processing
I1 :400.9A f:50.0Hz
U1:12.22kV
P :+8.03MW cos
Q :+2.64MVar
L1 402.1A Max450.1A
L2 401.2A Max421.2A
L3 401.0A Max431.4A
E 00.0A
% IL UL-E UL-L
L1 100.0 100.4 100.1
L2 100.4 100.3 100.0
L3 100.1 100.1 100.4
Distance Protection 7SA522
What makes these devices so attractive ?

Distance protection
Info - 40
EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
The easy
handling with
DIGSI 4
Distance Protection 7SA522
What makes these devices so attractive ?