AIRAIR
POLLUTIONPOLLUTION
Presented by :- eng. Mohamed Ahmed Alsadek
Supervised By:- Prof. Dr.AKRAM SULTAN

CONTENTCONTENT
Pollution
o Define
o Types
Air Pollution
oDefine
oTypes
oCauses
oClassifications
Case Study
Indoor Air Pollution
Comparison
References

PPoollllutiutionsons

Definition of PollutionDefinition of Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of elements of non-naturalPollution is the introduction of elements of non-natural
components to the natural elements of the environment, or tocomponents to the natural elements of the environment, or to
conduct resulting in normal waste, but in large quantities, thusconduct resulting in normal waste, but in large quantities, thus
causing an imbalance in the ecological balancecausing an imbalance in the ecological balance

Types of pollutionTypes of pollution
 Water PollutionWater Pollution
 Air PollutionAir Pollution
 Thermal PollutionThermal Pollution
 Noise PollutionNoise Pollution
 Soil PollutionSoil Pollution
 Radioactive PollutionRadioactive Pollution
 Light PollutionLight Pollution
 Visual PollutionVisual Pollution

AtmosphereAtmosphere ComponentsComponents

Definition of Air PollutionDefinition of Air Pollution
AirAir PollutionPollution is an atmospheric condition in which
certain substances like gases , Particulate matter ,
radioactive substances etc are present in
concentrations which can cause undesirable effects on
human environment
AirAir PollutionPollution: Outdoor Air Pollution – Indoor Air Pollution

CausesCauses ofof AirAir PollutionPollution
The Main Causes of Air Pollution are
 Natural Sources ( Volcanoes–Wildfires– Tornados
etc )
 Man Made Sources ( Factories – Automobiles –
Energy Sources )

Classification of pollutantsClassification of pollutants
 PRIMARY
POLLUTANTS
The pollutants that are a
direct result of the
process can be called
primary pollutants.
 SECONDARY
POLLUTANTS
the ones that are caused
by the inter mingling and
reactions of primary
pollutants. Smog created
by the interactions of
several primary pollutants
is known to be as
secondary pollutant.

 PRIMARYPRIMARY POLLUTANTSPOLLUTANTS

Pollutant Source Effects
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Comes from Vehicles, when
moving slow or the engine is
idle
Heart problems and blood vessels
Sulphur Dioxide
SO2
Mainly by burning of coals
and oil for energy generation
and industrial Activities and
Volcanoes
Breathing Difficulties also toxic to
plants and cause acid rain
Nitrogen Dioxide
NO2
Fossil Fuels are burned at
high temperatures
Respiratory problems
Cause Wheezing , Coughing , Colds
and flu
Particulates Matter
PM
PM2.5 PM10
Construction sites, Vehicle
exhausts, unpaved roads
Fine Particles are smaller than2.5µm
are small enough to pass from the
lungs into the blood supply & particle
smaller than 10µm can be inhaled
into the lungs
Ammonia
NH3
Animal waste and Vehicle
exhaust
skin, eyes, respiratory tract, mouth,
and digestive tract
PRIMARYPRIMARY POLLUTANTSPOLLUTANTS

SecondarySecondary POLLUTANTSPOLLUTANTS

CaseCase StudyStudy

Mexico City’s air has gone from among the world’s cleanest to among
the dirtiest in the span of a generation , Historic air pollution episodes of
the 1950s led to acute increases in infant mortality.
Prior to the 1940s, Mexico City was known for its clear air and
spectacular views of snow-capped volcanoes. Today, the city's
mountains are only rarely visible due to some of the worst air pollution in
the World.
In 1992, the U.N. described Mexico city as being the city with the world’s
worst air quality
IntroductionIntroduction

CausesCauses of Pollutionof Pollution
1) a population raising from 3 million in 1950 to roughly 20 million today
2) heavy reliance on motorized transportation.

3) The city sits in a basin 2,240 meters above sea level, and is surrounded by
mountains that rise one kilometer or more above , High elevation and
intense sunlight are key factors in ozone formation.
CausesCauses of Pollutionof Pollution

MajorMajor PollutionPollution CompositionComposition && ReductionReduction

ActionsActions
 Hoy No Circula  Eco Bici
Mexico City is taking steps in the right direction towards reducing their air
pollution to acceptable levels and improving the health and quality of
living for all of its residents.

Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution

IntroductionIntroduction
Around 3 billion people cook and heat in their homes using solid fuels (i.e.
wood, charcoal, coal, dung, crop wastes) on open fires or traditional stoves.
Such inefficient cooking and heating practices produce high levels of
household (indoor) air pollution which includes a range of health damaging
pollutants such as fine particles and carbon monoxide.
In poorly ventilated dwellings, smoke in and around the home can exceed
acceptable levels for fine particles 100-fold. Exposure is particularly high
among women and young children, who spend the most time near the
domestic hearth.
According to WHO, 4.3 million people a year die from the exposure to
household air pollution.

SourcesSources

StatisticsStatistics

SolutionSolution

ComparisonComparison

REFRENCES
THE AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY
(ATSDR), BASED IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA, IS A FEDERAL PUBLIC
HEALTH AGENCY OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANTS AND THEIR SOURCES IN 2015. (IEA
(2016), P.26)
BBC-WORLD TV, EARTH REPORT - CITY SMOG (1999), UK -
WWW.TVE.ORG
NATIONAL GEOPGRAPHIC, MEXICO (1992), USA - NGTV
(SOURCE: ELSEMANARIO.COM)
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