1. PRESENTATION ON HYDRO
TURBINES

2. HYDRO TURBINE
Hydro turbine converts energy of water into
mechanical energy and further into electrical
energy by generator. Hydro turbines are
classified on the basis of action of water on
moving blades.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO
TURBINES
As per the action of water on moving
blades, hydro turbines are classified
as:
Impulse turbine
Reaction turbine

4. IMPULSE TURBINE
In impulse turbine, the pressure energy
of water when passed through nozzle is
converted into kinetic energy and forms
the high velocity jet of water. The
formed jet is used to drive the wheel.
The casing of impulse turbine operates
under atmospheric pressure. Impulse
turbine requires high head and small
quantity of flow.

5. PELTON TURBINE
Pelton turbine is generally mounted on
horizontal shaft. A number of buckets are
mounted round the periphery. Water is
directed through nozzle towards buckets.
The flow of water through nozzle is
controlled by special regulating system.
For max speed of rotation, the mean
diameter of runner should be small.

6. TURGO TURBINE
In turgo impulse turbine, a much larger jet can
be applied to runner of a given diameter. With
turgo impulse turbine, the jet is set at an angle to
face the runner, strikes the buckets at the front
and discharges at opposite side.

7. PELTON/TURGO TURBINE
 Rated head is 80-
1600m
 Rated flow is 0.1-
20m3/s
 Rated speed is 150-
1500rpm
 Rated o/p is 100KW-
80MW

8. REACTION TURBINE
The power in reaction turbine is developed
from the combined action of pressure and
velocity of water. The casing of reaction
turbine operates unde high pressure. The
casing of reaction turbine is made
completely leakproof.

9. FRANCIS TURBINE
In francis turbine, the water enters into a
casing with a relatively low velocity,
passes through guide vanes located
around the cicumference and flows
through runner and finally discharged into
draft tube. The water passage from
headrace to tailrace is completely filled
with water.

10. FRANCIS TURBINE
 Rated head is10-
300m
 Rated flow is 0.3-
100m3/s
 Rated speed is 68.2-
1500rpm
 Rated o/p is 100KW-
100MW

11. Francis turbine

12. PROPELLER TURBINE
Propeller turbine can be considered as
development of a Francis turbine. The only
disadvantage of Francis turbine is that the
runner blades are fixed and nonadjustable.
But in case of propeller turbine blades are
adjusted automatically by servomechanism.
Movable blades type propeller turbine is
known as Kaplan turbine.

13. KAPLAN TURBINE
Kaplan turbine is a propeller turbine
having movable blades instead of
fixed one. The blades of turbine are
rotated to most efficient angle by a
hydraulic servo motor. These turbines
are suitable for variable heads and
variable flows where ample quantity
of water is available.

14. KAPLAN TURBINE
 Rated head is 2-70m
 Rated flow is 1-200m3/s
 Rated speed is 68.2-
750rpm
 Rated o/p is 100KW-
100MW

16. OPTIMUM HYDROELECTRIC
TURBINE TYPE

17. EFFICIENCIES OF TURBINES
 Hydraulic efficiency: It is the ratio of power
developed by the runner of turbine to the power
supplied by the water at the inlet of turbine.
 Mechanical Efficiency: It is the ratio of power
availabe at the shaft of turbine to the power
developed by runner.
 Volumetric Efficiency: It is the ratio of volume of
water actually striking the runner to the volume
of water supplied to the turbine.
 Overall Efficiency: It is the ratio of power
available at the shaft to the power supplied by
water at inlet of water.

18. THANK YOU