This document presents information on electric and hybrid vehicles. It discusses their introduction, advantages including being more efficient and environmentally friendly, disadvantages such as higher purchase costs, and the future potential as costs decrease. Government incentives are also outlined that aim to promote electric and hybrid vehicle adoption through tax credits and emissions regulations. In conclusion, electric and hybrid vehicles provide efficiency and emissions benefits and their market popularity is expected to continue growing.

1. Presented by:
Adithya Rai
USN: 4PA19ME005
Seminar
“ Electric And Hybrid Vehicles ”
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Research Centre
Department of Mechanical Engineering
P A College of engineering, Mangalore
1
Under the Guidance of :
Prashanth Pai
HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
P.A College Of Engineering

2. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

3. Contents
• Introduction to Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Advantages of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Disadvantages of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Future of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Government Incentives
• Conclusion
• Reference

4. Introduction to Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as people become
more aware of the environmental benefits of these vehicles. Electric and hybrid
vehicles use a combination of electric and gasoline power, giving drivers the ability to
reduce their emissions while still having the convenience of a gasoline engine.
Electric and hybrid vehicles are powered by a combination of electric and gasoline
power, which makes them more efficient than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
They have fewer emissions, are cheaper to operate, and provide a more comfortable
driving experience.

5. Advantages of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Electric and hybrid vehicles offer a variety of advantages over traditional gasoline-powered
vehicles. They are more efficient, have fewer emissions, and are cheaper to operate.
Additionally, electric and hybrid vehicles provide a more comfortable driving experience,
as the electric motor is quieter and smoother than a gasoline engine.
Electric and hybrid vehicles are also more environmentally friendly than traditional
gasoline-powered vehicles. They reduce emissions, help reduce dependence on fossil
fuels, and can reduce air pollution in cities. Additionally, electric and hybrid vehicles can
help reduce the cost of transportation, as they require less fuel than traditional gasoline-
powered vehicles.

6. Disadvantages of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Electric and hybrid vehicles have some disadvantages compared to traditional gasoline-
powered vehicles. They can be more expensive to purchase, and the batteries used in
electric and hybrid vehicles can be expensive to replace. Additionally, electric and hybrid
vehicles can be less powerful than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, as the electric
motor does not produce as much torque as a gasoline engine.
Electric and hybrid vehicles also require specialized maintenance and repair, as the batteries
and electric motors require specialized knowledge and tools. Additionally, electric and
hybrid vehicles can be limited in range, as their batteries can only store a limited amount of
energy.

7. Future of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
The future of electric and hybrid vehicles looks bright, as more and more companies are
investing in the development of these vehicles. Electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming
more efficient, and batteries are becoming cheaper and more reliable. Additionally,
governments are offering incentives to encourage the adoption of electric and hybrid
vehicles.
Electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming more popular as people become more aware of
the environmental benefits of these vehicles. Additionally, electric and hybrid vehicles are
becoming more affordable, as the cost of batteries and electric motors is decreasing. As
electric and hybrid vehicles become more widely available, they will become increasingly
popular.

8. Government Incentives
In order to encourage the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles, many governments
have implemented incentives. These incentives include tax credits, subsidies, and other
financial incentives. These incentives have helped to make electric and hybrid vehicles
more affordable and have encouraged more people to purchase them.
In addition, many governments have implemented regulations to reduce emissions
from transportation. These regulations have encouraged the development of electric
and hybrid vehicles, as they are more efficient and emit fewer pollutants than
traditional gasoline powered vehicles.

9. Conclusion
Electric and hybrid vehicles offer a variety of advantages over traditional gasoline-powered
vehicles. They are more efficient, have fewer emissions, and are cheaper to operate.
Additionally, electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as people
become more aware of the environmental benefits of these vehicles.
The future of electric and hybrid vehicles looks bright, as more and more companies are
investing in the development of these vehicles. Electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming
more efficient, and batteries are becoming cheaper and more reliable. As electric and hybrid
vehicles become more widely available, they will become increasingly popular.

10. Reference
1.C. C. CHAN, FELLOW, IEEE (2-feb-2002),The state of art of hybrid
vehicle.