1. Learning in the Microcosmos Martin Lindner Research Studios Austria Studio Microlearning & Microinformation Environments Innsbruck/Salzburg www.microlearning.org Standards for Microcontent-based Working & Learning in New Digital Media Environments Stuttgart, Open Forum, September 5, 2008
2. “ There is a world of difference between the modern home environment of integrated electric information and the classroom.” (In 2008, the gap is bigger than ever.) Marshall McLuhan (1967):
4. “ Did you hear? e-Learning is Dead. That's right... dead. Shot down in the prime of its life. Six feet under. Kaput.“ Jay Cross (2003)
5. Jay Cross had coined the term „e-learning“ in 1998, fascinated by the possible impact of the Internet on human-centered learning. He got frustrated when the term was misused in the following years, When it became just a new buzzword label for „Computer-based Online Training“ & the transfer of courses & classrooms into virtual „Learning Management Systems“.
6. „ The Ideal Classroom“ (presented as such in the Web)…
15. OPENNESS OPEN SPACE Micro-Information Workers: Point of Presence, Continuous Partial & Peripheral Attention (After getting connected, mainstream workplaces do not feel that much different from this geek cockpit.)
16. E-Learning 2.0: Early vision of a „Personal Learning Environment (PLE)“ Scott Wilson (UK), 2005
17. Jay Cross now prefers to speak of „Informal Learning“. (But the concept has close connections to Stephen Downes‘ „e-Learning 2.0“-meme.) 2007
18. In Web-driven digital media environments, people are in fact already practicing (informal) microlearning. Willingly or not. How can we design for this situation?
20. David Weinberger, 2002 Small Pieces Loosely Joined “ [The Web is ] a collection of ideas, none longer than can fit on a single screen. … small nuggets pointing to more small nuggets.”
21. “ We've discovered in the last few years that navigating the web in meme-sized chunks is the natural idiom of the Internet …“ Anil Dash, 2002 Introducing the Microcontent Client
22. “ Microcontent is information published in short form, with its length dictated by the constraint of a single main topic and by the physical and technical limitations of the software and devices that we use to view digital content today. “ Anil Dash, 2002 Introducing the Microcontent Client
23. This causes new dynamics within the „Semiosphere“ „ Semiosphere“: a term coined by Jurij M. Lotman, referring to „Biosphere“.
25. This will fundamentally affect our future lives! (This is somehow more than just a metaphoric illustration – since the 1980s, Al Gore has actually been both a prophet of Global Warming and an evangelist of the Internet .)
31. MICROSOFT OFFICE FILES & DOCUMENTS FIXED-LINE TELEPHONY DESKTOP APPLICATIONS Microsoft Office
32. MICROCONTENT discovered in 2001 GOOGLE & THE WEB SHREDDERING MACROCONTENT WLAN, LAPTOPS & MOBILE DEVICES. MOBILE PHONES. SHORT CALLS EXPLOSION OF THE E-MAIL INBOX MS Office devastated
34. A System of Microcontent Circulation drops trickles & flow pools clouds
35. “ Media is no longer something we do, but something we become part of.” (It is not tools anymore …)
36. People working and living with digital micromedia are swimming, rather than navigating, in a sea of microcontent and streams of microtasks. This also changes the way Information Workers learn.
38. “ We've discovered in the last few years that navigating the web in meme-sized chunks is the natural idiom of the Internet.“ Anil Dash, 2002 Introducing the Microcontent Client
39. … memes : self-replicating units of cultural information
41. self-contained the smallest units of meaning and attention that can stand for itself elementary individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed appropriate media format appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Human processed information
42. self-contained the smallest units of meaning and attention that can stand for itself elementary individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed appropriate media format appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Human processed information appropriate media format appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets STANDARD
43. self-contained [some relation to object-oriented programming] elementary individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed appropriate data format appropriately formatted for integration in different applications and services Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Computer processed information
44. self-contained [some relation to object-oriented programming] elementary individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed appropriate data format Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Computer processed information appropriate data format appropriately formatted for integration in different applications and services STANDARD
45. The evolution of microcontent is a complex feedback phenomenon – it can not be reduced neither to software nor to humans (Microcontent is about circulation, not just transmission. Standards have to be built for enabling feedback and emergence.)
46. The Micro-Web is about emergent patterns of user-generated and user-enriched content
47. appropriate media format for human attention appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets appropriate data format for computers appropriately formatted for integration in different applications and services Emergent standards: microformats, RSS/Atom, tagging APIs… Emergent standards: blog posts, microblogging templates, delicious items …
48. But for now e-Learning primarily is formatted neither for humans nor for the Web, but for macro-organizations & -institutions. appropriate format for organizations Formatted to stabilize macro -organizational frameworks: - macro-organizational training (formal, top-down) - macro-organizational calculation of costs - macro-organizational management control
49. If we want to design standards for “Next-Generation eLearning”, we have to understand & bear in mind the nature of microcontent-based information work.
50. In micromedia environments, knowledge takes on the form of clouds. (Microcontent being something like small drops of vapor.) “ Personal Info Cloud ” Thomas Van der Wal, 2005 www.vanderwal.net
51. „… all kinds of information chunks in our digital life take on the form of digital lifestreams … … leaving behind a stream-shaped cyberbody, like an aircraft's contrail , as we go” David Gelernter, The Second Coming – A Manifesto (2000)