1.
FOUR
QUESTIONS
IN GRADING

2.
1. Should grades reflect absolute achievement level or
achievement relative to others in the same class?

3.
CRITERION REFERENCE VS NORM
REFERENCE

4.
CRITERION REFERENCE



5.
NORM-REFERENCE



6.
2. Should grades reflect achievement only or nonacademic components such
as attitude, speed and diligence?
 It is very common practice to incorporate such things as
turning in assignments on time into overall grade in the
course, primarily because the need to motivate students to
get their work done isa real problem for instructors

7.





8.
Two steps of the instructor should take.



9.
3. Should grades report status achieved or
amount of growth?
 In many beginning classes, the background of the students
varied that some students can achieved the end objectives
with little or no trouble while others with weak background
will work twice as a hard and still achieved only half as
much.

10.
4. How can several grades on diverse skills
combine to give a single mark?
 The basic answers is that they can't really. "Rube Goldberg" as far as indicating
what a student achieved.
 It would complicate an already complicated task. The halo effect of good
performance in one area could spill over into others.
 And finally, most outsider are looking for only one overall classification of each
person so that they can choose the best