BFA PPT Slide-01

2.  What is First Aid
 Aims of First Aid
 First Aider
INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IS FIRST AID
 Immediate assistance or treatment given
to the injured or ill, before the arrival of an
ambulance, doctor, or other appropriately
qualified person.

4. AIMS OF FIRST AID
 Preserve life.
 Prevent the condition from becoming
worse.
 Promote recovery.

5. A FIRST AIDER IS…
 Highly trained.
 Examined and regularly re-examined.
 Up-to-date in knowledge and skills.

6. FIRST AIDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
 To asses a situation quickly & safely,
and summon appropriate help.
 To protect casualties and others at
the scene from possible danger.
 To identify, as far as possible, the
injury or nature of illness affecting a
casualty.

7. FIRST AIDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
 To give each casualty early and
appropriate treatment, treating the
most serious conditions first.
 To arrange for removal of casualty to
hospital, or to his or her home.
 To remain with a casualty until
appropriate care is available.

8. FIRST AIDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
 To report your observations to those
taking over care of the casualty, and
to give further assistance if required.
 To prevent cross-infection between
yourself and the casualty as much as
possible.

9. GIVING CARE WITH CONFIDENCE
First Aider can create confidence and
assurance by:
 Being in control, both yourself and the situation.
 Acting calmly and logically.
 Being gentle, but firm with your hands and
speaking to the casualty kindly but purposefully.

10. BUILDING UP TRUST
Talk to the casualty throughout your
examination & treatment.
 Explain what you are going to do.
 Try to answer questions honestly to allay fear as
much as you can. If you do not know the answer,
say so.
 Continue to reassure the casualty even when your
treatment is complete.
 Continue to talk to the casualty and hold his or her
hand. Never let the person feel alone.

11. PROTECTING YOURSELF AGAINST
INFECTION
 Always carry protective gloves.
 Cover your own sores or skin wounds with
a waterproof plaster.
 Wear a plastic apron when dealing with
large amount of the casualty’s body fluid.
 Wear plastic glasses to protect your eyes
against splashes.

12. PROTECTING YOURSELF AGAINST
INFECTION
 Take care not to prick yourself with any sharp
objects found on or near the casualty.
 If your eyes, nose, mouth or any wound is
splashed
by the casualty’s blood, wash thoroughly with soap
and water and consult a doctor.
 Use a mask or face shield for mouth-to-mouth
ventilation.
 Dispose of blood & waste safely after treating the
casualty.

13. ACTION AT AN EMERGENCY
Effective first aid usually begins before any
direct contact with the casualty.
Remember:
 Control your feelings and take a moment to think.
 Do not place yourself in danger.
 Use your common sense.
 Do not attempt too much alone.
 Be aware of potential dangers such as gas/petrol.

14. FIRST AID PRIORITIES
Assess the situation
 Observe what has happened quickly and calmly.
 Look for dangers to yourself and the casualty.
 Never put yourself at risk.
Make the area safe
 Protect the casualty from danger.
 Be aware of your limitations.

15. FIRST AID PRIORITIES
Get help
 Call for ambulance immediately after primary
assessment.

16. Making the call
 Dial 995.
 Give your name and contact number.
 Location of incident.
 The type and gravity of incident.
 The number, sex, and approximate ages of the
casualties and anything you know about their
condition.
 Details of any hazards (Gas, chemical, weather)
FIRST AID PRIORITIES

18. THE FIRST AIDER SHOULD…
Preserve life
 Pay strict attention to safety.
 Follow Airway, Breathing, Circulation of
resuscitation.
 Control any major bleeding.

19. THE FIRST AIDER SHOULD…
Limit the effects of the condition
 Make diagnosis after a thorough examination.
 Give priority to seriously injured casualties.
 Treat multiple injuries in order of priority. Consider
the possibility of ‘hidden’ secondary conditions.
Promote recovery of the casualty
 Relief any discomfort, pain or anxiety.
 Arrange for appropriate medical attention.

20. INITIAL ASSESSMENT
 Quickly perform a brief examination of the
casualty.
 Perform checks before making diagnosis.
 Prepare to resuscitate the casualty.
 Do not move casualty with suspected head
or neck injuries unnecessarily.

21. INITIAL ASSESSMENT
 Check for consciousness.
 Open airway.
 Check for breathing.
 Check for circulation.
 Check for bleeding.

22. MAKING A DIAGNOSIS
 The diagnosis is made on the basis of the
history and clues to any medical condition
and signs & symptoms.

23. HISTORY
 The full story of how the incident
happened, how the injury was sustained, or
how the illness began and continued,
including any previous conditions.

24. HISTORY
 When did the casualty last had something
to eat or drink?
 Does the casualty have any illness or is on
any medication?
 The amount of force involved and how was
it applied to the body?
 The environment – was the casualty in a
hot & stuffy/cold room or exposed to wind
or rain?

25. HISTORY
 The casualty’s age and state of health.
 Establish who the casualty is and where he
or she lives.
 Make a note of all information, including the
time of injury and your examination.

26. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Signs are details of a casualty’s condition
that you can see, feel, hear or smell.
 Symptoms are sensations that the
casualty experiences, and may
be able to describe if she is
conscious.

27. LOOKING FOR SIGNS
Apply your senses
 Look for bleeding.
 Discoloration.
 Deformity.
 Feel the strength and rhythm of the pulse.
 Listen to the breathing.
 Look for any variation in the alignment of a bone.

28. ASSESSING SYMPTOMS
Ask the casualty if he or she has any
abnormal sensations.
 Is there any pain?
 Where is the pain?
 What type of pain?
 Any nausea, giddiness, heat, cold, weakness or
thirst?
 Any other symptoms?

29. EXAMINING A CASUALTY
 Expose casualty if necessary.
 Check for any bleeding or signs of life
threatening injuries.