The social learning theory of Bandura emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.

2. The Bobo Doll Experiment

3. Who is Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura is an influential social
cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best-
known for his social learning theory, the
concept of self-efficacy and his famous Bobo
doll experiments. He is a Professor Emeritus
at Stanford University and is widely
regarded as one of the greatest living
psychologists. One 2002 survey ranked him
as the fourth most influential psychologist of
the twentieth-century, behind only
B.F.Skinner, Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget.
He was also ranked as the most cited living
psychologist.

4. "People with high assurance in their
capabilities approach difficult tasks
as challenges to be mastered rather
than as threats to be avoided."
--Albert Bandura

5. Who is Albert Bandura
Best Known For:
• Bobo Doll Studies, Observational Learning,
Social Learning Theory and Self-efficacy
An Overview of Bandura's Life
 Albert Bandura was born December 4, 1925.
 1949 – Graduated from the University of British
Columbia with a degree in Psychology.
 1952 – Received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
from the University of Iowa.
 1953 – Began teaching at Stanford University.

6. Origin of the Learning Theory
 In collaboration with his first doctoral student Richard Walters,
Bandura conducted research into the role of modeling and
observational learning in child behavior.
 In 1963, they published Social Learning and Personality
Development, in which they stated that an individual could
model behavior by just observing the behavior of another.
 Bandura later developed a comprehensive social cognitive
theory of human functioning. In this theory, self-regulatory and
self-reflective processes enable the individual to adapt to
various situations. This interest in self-efficacy is a central
aspect to his theoretical position.
 This work led to his publication of Social Foundations of
Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory in 1986 and Self-
Efficacy: The Exercise of Control in 1997

8. Social Learning Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
• The social learning theory of Bandura emphasizes
the importance of observing and modeling the
behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of
others.
• Bandura (1977) states: "Learning would be
exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous,
if people had to rely solely on the effects of their
own actions to inform them what to do.
Fortunately, most human behavior is learned
observationally through modeling: from observing
others one forms an idea of how new behaviors
are performed, and on later occasions this coded
information serves as a guide for action." (p22).

9. MODELING
• Refers to changes in people that result from observing the
actions of others
Cognitive Modeling – involves modeled demonstrations
Different Forms of Modeling
Types Description Example
Direct Modeling Simply attempting to imitate the
models behavior
Tom imitates Jerry in studying for
exams. A first grader forms letters
in the same way a teacher forms
them.
Symbolic Modeling Imitating behaviors displayed by
characters in books, plays, movies
or television
Teenager begin to dress like
characters on popular television
show oriented toward teens
Synthesized Modeling Developing behaviors by combining
portion of observed class
A child uses a chair to get up and
open the cupboard door after
seeing her brother use a chair to get
a book from a shelf and seeing her
mother open the cupboard door.

10. EFFECTS OF MODELING ON BEHAVIOR
A.Learning New Behaviors
B.Facilitating Existing Behaviors
C.Changing Inhibitions
D.Arousing Emotions

11. LEARNING FROM MODELS:
THE PROCESS INVOLVED
APPLICATION
Social learning theory has been applied extensively to the
understanding of aggression (Bandura, 1973) and
psychological disorders, particularly in the context of
behavior modification (Bandura, 1969). It is also the
theoretical foundation for the technique of behavior
modeling which is widely used in training programs. In
recent years, Bandura has focused his work on the
concept of self-efficacy in a variety of contexts
(e.g., Bandura, 1997).

12. Basic Social Learning Concepts
1. People can learn through observation.
Observational Learning
In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura
demonstrated that children learn and imitate
behaviors they have observed in other people. The
children in Bandura’s studies observed an adult
acting violently toward a Bobo doll. When the
children were later allowed to play in a room with the
Bobo doll, they began to imitate the aggressive
actions they had previously observed.
The experiment involved exposing children to two
different adult models; an aggressive model and a
non-aggressive one.

14. RESULTS:
• Boys who observed an adult male behaving
violently were more influenced than those who
had observed a female model behavior
aggressively.
• Interestingly, the experimenters found in the
same-sex aggressive groups, boys were more
likely to imitate physical acts of violence while
girls were more likely to imitate verbal
aggression.

15. 2.
Mental states are important to learning.
Bandura noted that external,
environmental reinforcement was not
the only factor to influence learning and
behavior. He described intrinsic
reinforcement as a form of internal
reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and
a sense of accomplishment.

16. 3. Learning does not necessarily lead to
a change in behavior.
While behaviorists believed
that learning led to a
permanent change in
behavior, observational
learning demonstrates that
people can learn new
information without
demonstrating new behaviors.

17. The Modeling Process
Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned.
Factors involving both the model and the learner can
play a role in whether social learning is successful.
Attention:
In order to learn, you need to be paying attention.
Retention:
The ability to store information is also an important
part of the learning process.

18. Reproduction:
Once you have paid attention to the model and
retained the information, it is time to actually
perform the behavior you observed.
Motivation:
Finally, in order for observational learning to be
successful, you have to be motivated to imitate
the behavior that has been
modeled. Reinforcement and punishment play an
important role in motivation.

20. CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS:
• The teacher should not only focus on only one model
whereas the social learning theory can be seen, they
should be creative in researching or creating different
models in order for the students to understand precisely
what the theory is saying.
• Students also should believe that they are able and can
accomplish school tasks.
• Teachers should also help the students to set realistic
expectations for their academic accomplishments.
• Describing what would be the possible effects or
consequences of certain behaviors will help the student
to effectively exercise appropriate behaviors.

21. • Students often effectively learn by simply observing
other people.
• The teachers and also the parents must model
appropriate behaviors and must be aware of what is
not appropriate in order for the students to adapt
and imitate right behaviors.
• Modeling provides an alternative to shaping for
teaching new behaviors.
• Creating self-regulation techniques provides
effective methods for improving behavior.

22. REFERENCES:
(n.d.). Retrieved January 9, 2016, from http://cranepsych.edublogs.org/:
http://cranepsych.edublogs.org/files/2009/07/social_learning_theory.pdf
Thom, L. (n.d.). PSYography. Retrieved January 9, 2016, from
http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/albertbandura.html
n.d.). Retrieved January 9, 2016, from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/:
http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/social-learning.html
Cherry, K. (2014, November 24). About Health. Retrieved January 10, 2016, from
http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/sociallearning.html
Educational Psychology (2nd Edition) by Jeanne Ellis Ormford