Microbial enhanced oil recovery is one of the EOR techniques where bacteria and their by-products are utilized for oil mobilization in a reservoir.
It is the process that increases oil recovery through inoculation of microorganisms in a reservoir, aiming that bacteria and their by-products cause some beneficial effects.
4. Contents
Oil Consumption and its Recovery
Methods of Enhanced Oil Recovery
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)
Use of Microorganisms in MEOR
MEOR Processes
Biosurfactants Application
Economical Feasibility
Ecological Impact
Limitations
Conclusions
References
4
5. OBJECTIVES
To make familiar with the current situation of world oil
consumption
To tell about different oil recovery methods
To introduce about Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)
To discuss economical and ecological assessment of MEOR
5
9. Primary Oil Recovery
The initial stage of producing oil from a
reservoir.
Natural gas expansion
Use natural forces such as expansion of oil,
gas or both
• Displacement by naturally pressurized water
• Drainage from a reservoir in lower elevation
• Artificial techniques (pumps)
9
10. Secondary Oil Recovery
Injection of external fluids into a reservoir
to increase reservoir pressure and to
displace oil towards the wellbore
Essentially augmenting the natural forces
used in primary methods
Water flooding
10
12. Tertiary Oil Recovery
Allows injection of different materials to
improve the flow between oil, gas and rock
to recover crude oil remaining after primary
and secondary phases
Tertiary or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Thermal Processes
Injection of steam or hot water
Chemical Methods
Alkalis, surfactants and polymers
Microbial Processes (MEOR)
Uses microorganisms and their metabolites
12
13. PERCENT OIL RECOVERY OF OOIP
Primary Oil Recovery : 10-15% of OOIP
Secondary Oil Recovery: 15-30% of OOIP
Tertiary Oil Recovery: 60% of OOIP
13
14. MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
(MEOR)
One of the EOR techniques where bacteria and their by-
products are utilized for oil mobilization in a reservoir.
Process that increases oil recovery through inoculation of
microorganisms in a reservoir, aiming that bacteria and their
by-products cause some beneficial effects such as;
formation of stable oil-water emulsions
mobilization of residual oil
diverting of injection fluids
14
15. Why we needed MEOR?
A large proportion of crude oil; a valuable and non-renewable
energy resource, is left behind in the ground.
A dire need to produce more crude oil to meet the worldwide
rising energy demand
Previously un-extractable reserves are more costly to produce
MEOR extra 20-30% oil recovery
15
17. MICROORGANISMS IN MEOR
Nature of microorganisms
mostly anaerobic extremophiles
Bacteria are usually hydrocarbon-utilizing, non-pathogenic,
and are naturally occurring in petroleum reservoirs.
Bacterial population can tolerate harsh environments.
Maximum growth rate of microbes selected for use,
In past below 80ºC now up to 121ºC
Bacillus strains grown on glucose mineral salts medium (most
utilized in MEOR)
17
18. Different microorganisms, their related metabolites
and applications in MEOR
18
Sen, R. Biotechnology in petroleum recovery: the microbial EOR. Progress in energy
and combustion Science, 34(6): 714-724 (2008)
19. BIOSURFACTANTS ROLE IN IFT REDUCTION
Certain bacteria produce biosurfactants that reduce oil/water
interfacial tension (IFT)
The IFT between hydrocarbon and water is typically about
30-40 mN/m.
The biosurfactants must reduce IFT at least to below 0.01 to
0.001 mN/m to have any effect on oil recovery.
19
25. b) SELECTIVE PLUGGING
Injection of bacterial suspensions followed by nutrients to
produce biopolymer and microbial itself, which may plug the
high permeability zone in the reservoir.
The reduction of permeability would
change the inject profile and achieve
conformance control.
25
27. Biosurfactant Metabolite Modeling
Empirical equation to demonstrate the surfactant’s effect on
IFT σ ,
σ∗(Ms) = σ − tanh(l3 Ms − l2) + 1 + l1
− tanh(−l2) + 1 + l1
Here,
σ∗ is new IFT value,
Ms is the concentration of surfactant
lj,various properties of surfactant
27
28. ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
Increase the production of oil
Higher economic lifetime of the wells
Microbes and nutrients are relatively inexpensive
Low operating cost and profitable
Economically attractive for marginally producing oil fields
Implementation needs minor modifications to existing field
facilities
28
29. ECOLOGICAL IMPACT
Eco-friendly
MEOR produce organic chemicals less harmful than synthetic
chemicals used by other Enhanced Oil Recovery methods.
Biodegradable Products
MEOR products are all biodegradable and will not be
accumulated in the environment, therefore are environmentally
compatible.
29
30. LIMITATIONS
Mineral Content
Increasing salinity absorbs water from the microbe and negatively
effects its growth
Reservoir parameters
Permeability, temperature, pH, etc. affects selection of our types
and our growth
Lack of experience
Study of bacteria metabolism, and relation to subsurface
environment, need great effort
30
32. CONCLUSIONS
Great achievements
MEOR has developed for decades. MEOR has great potential
to become a viable alternative to the traditional EOR chemical
methods. A series of fundamental research work has been
done. Several pilot tests have been applied in the fields.
Promising EOR technology
The success of research work and pilot tests makes this
technology attractive in the industry. This cost-effective and eco-
friendly methods could contribute more in oil production,
especially in mature oil fields.
32
33. Continue…
Need more efforts
Since this technology has developed for a relatively long time,
and has great achievements, to turn the promising into reality
needs more efforts. The modern biological technology accelerates
MEOR, which needs money and talents.
33
34. REFERENCES
Geetha, S. J., Banat, I. M. and Joshi, S. J. Biosurfactants: Production and potential
applications in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). Biocatalysis and
Agricultural Biotechnology, 14: 23-32 (2018)
Wang, T., Yu, L., Xiu, J., Ma, Y., Lin, W., Ma, T. and Wang, L. A mathematical
model for microbial enhanced oil recovery using biopolymer-producing
microorganism. Fuel, 216: 589-595 (2018)
Zhao, F., Shi, R., Cui, Q., Han, S., Dong, H. and Zhang, Y. Biosurfactant production
under diverse conditions by two kinds of biosurfactant-producing bacteria for
microbial enhanced oil recovery. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,
157: 124-130 (2017)
Sivasankar, P. and Kumar, G. S. Influence of pH on dynamics of microbial enhanced
oil recovery processes using biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas putida:
Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation. Bioresource technology, 224:
498-508 (2017)
Xuezhong, W. A. N. G., Yuanliang, Y. A. N. G. and Weijun, X. I. Microbial
enhanced oil recovery of oil-water transitional zone in thin-shallow extra heavy oil
reservoirs: A case study of Chunfeng Oilfield in western margin of Junggar Basin,
NW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 43(4): 689-694 (2016)
34
35. Hosseininoosheri, P., Lashgari, H. R. and Sepehrnoori, K. A novel method to
model and characterize in-situ bio-surfactant production in microbial enhanced
oil recovery. Fuel, 183: 501-511 (2016)
Santos, D. K. F., Rufino, R. D., Luna, J. M., Santos, V. A and Sarubbo, L. A.
Biosurfactants: multifunctional biomolecules of the 21st century. International
journal of molecular sciences, 17(3): 401(2016)
El-Sheshtawy, H. S., Aiad, I., Osman, M. E., Abo-ELnasr, A. A. and Kobisy, A.
S. Production of biosurfactant from Bacillus licheniformis for microbial
enhanced oil recovery and inhibition the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria.
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 24(2): 155-162 (2015)
Hung, H. C. and Shreve, G. S. Effect of the hydrocarbon phase on interfacial
and thermodynamic properties of two anionic glycolipid biosurfactants in
hydrocarbon/water systems. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105 (50):
12596-12600 (2001)
35