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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
COG ALL Risk Groups B-Precursor ALL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Low Risk Standard Risk High Risk Very High Risk
Early Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Historical Control(HC) CCG-1800s/1922 series vs. Current CCG-1950/60s(1956s) series EFS Outcome by Day 7 Marrow (Remission at End of Induction) 5 Year EFS: HC  Current M1  80.4%  82.6% M2  74.0%  74.6% M3  67.9%  69.0% Probability Years Followed
CCG-1882: Augmented Therapy Improves EFS for Patients with an SER (M3 Marrow at day 7) Probability Years Followed (from Randomization) 8-Year EFS   RHR BFM  52.3%(s.d. 6.5%)  1.9 Augmented BFM  70.2%(s.d. 6.7%)  Baseline Augmented BFM (n=155) BFM (n=156) Log Rank p=.0006 Nachman et al., NEJM 338: 1663-1671, 1998 DATA UPDATED DEC 2004
Assessment of Early Response: Integration of MRD into Clinical Trials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Techniques Used to Assess MRD in Leukemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prognostic Significance of End Induction MRD: BFM-Austria ,[object Object],.01%-.1% <.01% >0.1% Dworzak et al. Blood 99: 1952, 2002 N=17
Early Response ,[object Object],26% to 28% 5% to 16% > 10 -2 20% to 42% <  10 -3 > 90% 42% to 75% No MRD EFS (3 year) Percent of Patients End Induction MRD
AEIOP ALL 2000/ALL-BFM 2000: Risk Stratification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MRD-SR  .97, SE=.03 (N= 39,  1 event) MRD-MR  .77, SE=.05 (N=160,  23 events) MRD-HR  .38, SE=.06 (N=114,  57 events) AIEOP + ALL-BFM 2000, EFS (4 years)  Risk Group HR 95 by MRD Risk Groups Pts enrolled Sep/Jul 00–Oct 04 (Status April 05) Data courtesy of Valentino Conter and Martin Schrappe years p: 1-2 .05 1-3 .0001 2-3 .0001 dsmc0405.tab 13APR05 P 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5
Reducing Disease Burden Pre-Transplant Improves Outcomes Uzunel et al.  Blood 2001
Residual Disease Monitoring  at End Induction: Flow Cytometry Tumor Tumor Dx d29 POG ALinC17 to Date : > 2,000 samples received 95% compliance MRD Sensitivity  1/1000 - 1/10,000 24 hr turn around 28.6% of patients positive; Median .069%
End Induction Marrow  534/1937 (28%) of Cases Positive Overall No. of cases + <.01  .01-.1  .1-1.0  1.0-10  >10 Percent Leukemic Cells Michael Borowitz
Day 29 Flow MRD Correlates with NCI Risk Group % MRD + MRD level Median   .043% LR Median .14% HR Michael Borowitz
Day 29 Flow MRD Correlates with Day 8 Morphologic Assessment of Response Day 8  Marrow Blasts % MRD + (n=1879) MRD level p<.001 Michael Borowitz
Prognostic Significance of MRD - 9906 n=79 n=156 EVENT-FREE SURVIVAL  0 20 40 60 80 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 Years Probability  (%) MRD>.01% MRD Negative p-value=0.00304
Minimal Residual Disease 9906 169  21 33 24 p=.0054
Challenges of Marrow Relapse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obstacles to Successful Treatment for Relapsed ALL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remission Re-induction Rates Remission induction/re-induction rates ~ 75% Early marrow relapse > 90% Late marrow relapse > 98% Newly diagnosed  ALL
Obstacles to Successful Treatment for Relapsed ALL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Higher Risk  Relapse:  Common  Therapeutic Approaches Early Marrow/T-cell Late Marrow/Early EM Chemotherapy Alt Donor SCT Matched Related Donor Transplant Common Re-induction Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Early Marrow Late Marrow Early CNS Early Testicular
Introduction of New Agents in Patients with Very High Risk of Treatment Failure Re-induction  Block 1 Re-induction  Block 2 Reduction Phase VCR, Pred, PEG, Adr Re-induction  Block 3 ARA-C, ASP CTX, VP-16, MTX VCR, Pred, PEG, Adr ARA-C, ASP CTX, VP-16, MTX MRD Time MRD MRD Epratuzumab Pilot I New Agent Pilot Correlate with 4 month EFS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],COG:  AALL01P2
AALL01P2 Study Design Continuation Therapy MRD ARM A MRD MRD Block 2 MRD MRD ARM B Block 2 MRD Block 1 Block 1 Block 3 Block 3 On Study Randomization CNS + patients non-randomly assigned to ARM B DNA Arrays DNA Arrays
MRD Detection During Treatment of Relapse: AALL01P2 Slide courtesy of Mike Borowitz, MD, PhD 0.34% 16/46 (35%) 3 ,[object Object],31/63 (49%) 2 0.73% 66/101(65%) 1 Median MRD level MRD+ Time Point
Correlation of MRD with Time of First Relapse:  AALL01P2 Borowitz, et al.  ASH 2004 .01 3/19  (16%) 9/15  (60%) 3 .009 9/21  (43%) 18/22 (82%) 2 .018 14/29 (48%) 31/41 (76%) 1 p value MRD+ Late  Relapse MRD+ Early Relapse Time Point
Kinetics of MRD Response: Good Responders (34/46) (n=15) (n=8) (n=11)
Epratuzumab:  Mechanism of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6 C-C 7 C-C 2 C-C 5 C-C 3 C-C 1 C-C 4 C-C Leonard and Link Seminars in Oncol 2002 CD22 Epratuzumab Carnahan et al Clin CA Res 2003 Human IgG1 Murine CDRs
New Agent Initiatives:  Epratuzumab ADVL04P2 (Early Relapse) Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Triple Induction Phase 2 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Triple Induction Reduction Phase 6 dose levels Phase 1 E-mab MRD Response
MRD – Surrogate Endpoint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acknowledgements Steve Hunger Naomi Winick Elizabeth Raetz Michael Borowitz

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Historical Control(HC) CCG-1800s/1922 series vs. Current CCG-1950/60s(1956s) series EFS Outcome by Day 7 Marrow (Remission at End of Induction) 5 Year EFS: HC Current M1 80.4% 82.6% M2 74.0% 74.6% M3 67.9% 69.0% Probability Years Followed
  • 5. CCG-1882: Augmented Therapy Improves EFS for Patients with an SER (M3 Marrow at day 7) Probability Years Followed (from Randomization) 8-Year EFS RHR BFM 52.3%(s.d. 6.5%) 1.9 Augmented BFM 70.2%(s.d. 6.7%) Baseline Augmented BFM (n=155) BFM (n=156) Log Rank p=.0006 Nachman et al., NEJM 338: 1663-1671, 1998 DATA UPDATED DEC 2004
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. MRD-SR .97, SE=.03 (N= 39, 1 event) MRD-MR .77, SE=.05 (N=160, 23 events) MRD-HR .38, SE=.06 (N=114, 57 events) AIEOP + ALL-BFM 2000, EFS (4 years) Risk Group HR 95 by MRD Risk Groups Pts enrolled Sep/Jul 00–Oct 04 (Status April 05) Data courtesy of Valentino Conter and Martin Schrappe years p: 1-2 .05 1-3 .0001 2-3 .0001 dsmc0405.tab 13APR05 P 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5
  • 12. Reducing Disease Burden Pre-Transplant Improves Outcomes Uzunel et al. Blood 2001
  • 13. Residual Disease Monitoring at End Induction: Flow Cytometry Tumor Tumor Dx d29 POG ALinC17 to Date : > 2,000 samples received 95% compliance MRD Sensitivity 1/1000 - 1/10,000 24 hr turn around 28.6% of patients positive; Median .069%
  • 14. End Induction Marrow 534/1937 (28%) of Cases Positive Overall No. of cases + <.01 .01-.1 .1-1.0 1.0-10 >10 Percent Leukemic Cells Michael Borowitz
  • 15. Day 29 Flow MRD Correlates with NCI Risk Group % MRD + MRD level Median .043% LR Median .14% HR Michael Borowitz
  • 16. Day 29 Flow MRD Correlates with Day 8 Morphologic Assessment of Response Day 8 Marrow Blasts % MRD + (n=1879) MRD level p<.001 Michael Borowitz
  • 17. Prognostic Significance of MRD - 9906 n=79 n=156 EVENT-FREE SURVIVAL 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 Years Probability (%) MRD>.01% MRD Negative p-value=0.00304
  • 18. Minimal Residual Disease 9906 169 21 33 24 p=.0054
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Remission Re-induction Rates Remission induction/re-induction rates ~ 75% Early marrow relapse > 90% Late marrow relapse > 98% Newly diagnosed ALL
  • 22.
  • 23. Higher Risk Relapse: Common Therapeutic Approaches Early Marrow/T-cell Late Marrow/Early EM Chemotherapy Alt Donor SCT Matched Related Donor Transplant Common Re-induction Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Early Marrow Late Marrow Early CNS Early Testicular
  • 24. Introduction of New Agents in Patients with Very High Risk of Treatment Failure Re-induction Block 1 Re-induction Block 2 Reduction Phase VCR, Pred, PEG, Adr Re-induction Block 3 ARA-C, ASP CTX, VP-16, MTX VCR, Pred, PEG, Adr ARA-C, ASP CTX, VP-16, MTX MRD Time MRD MRD Epratuzumab Pilot I New Agent Pilot Correlate with 4 month EFS
  • 25.
  • 26. AALL01P2 Study Design Continuation Therapy MRD ARM A MRD MRD Block 2 MRD MRD ARM B Block 2 MRD Block 1 Block 1 Block 3 Block 3 On Study Randomization CNS + patients non-randomly assigned to ARM B DNA Arrays DNA Arrays
  • 27.
  • 28. Correlation of MRD with Time of First Relapse: AALL01P2 Borowitz, et al. ASH 2004 .01 3/19 (16%) 9/15 (60%) 3 .009 9/21 (43%) 18/22 (82%) 2 .018 14/29 (48%) 31/41 (76%) 1 p value MRD+ Late Relapse MRD+ Early Relapse Time Point
  • 29. Kinetics of MRD Response: Good Responders (34/46) (n=15) (n=8) (n=11)
  • 30.
  • 31. New Agent Initiatives: Epratuzumab ADVL04P2 (Early Relapse) Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Triple Induction Phase 2 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Triple Induction Reduction Phase 6 dose levels Phase 1 E-mab MRD Response
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Acknowledgements Steve Hunger Naomi Winick Elizabeth Raetz Michael Borowitz