- The document provides a history of Linux from its origins in 1969 with the creation of Unix through its evolution and growth over time. - Key events include the creation of the GNU operating system in the 1990s, the development of the Linux kernel in 1991, and the combining of Linux and GNU to create a fully functional OS in 1992. - Linux adoption grew steadily, reaching millions of users by the late 1990s and early 2000s as major companies began supporting it and distributions like Fedora and OpenSUSE were created. - Today, Linux is widely used and accepted, powering over 80% of web servers and being utilized by many universities and entrepreneurs.

1. Sub-Zero Level
The Guide before starting Linux (History & Install)
Medhat Dawoud
Med7atDawoud
Med7atDawoud
www.medhatdawoud.com

4. This session will split into 2 sections
The First section is intro to open source culture and the
history of Linux and its features.
The Second section is practical in which we will start the
festival with installing Linux on our machines and got your
free Linux CD 

5. Intro to the Culture of

6. FLOSS
• FLOSS = Free Libre Open Source Software.
• This type of software uses a GPL or open source licences.
• What it gives you?
– Freedom to use
– Freedom to examine
– Freedom to redistribute
– Freedom to modify
• What it doesn’t let you do?
– Deny these freedoms to anyone else

7. Linux History Timeline
1969
1990
These are the most 1991
effective years in Linux 1992
1993
life the session will be 1997
as a time line with 1998
some interest 1999
2002
2003
2008
Today

8. Are You Ready To
Listen To The History
of Linux?
Ok, … let‟s GO

9. 1969
Unix Birth Year

10. What is Unix?
• Unix was born.
• Unix is an operating system.
• Linux is a clone of Unix so we should
know actually what is Unix and it‟s
features.
• The open source culture was found.
• The GPL License was found by Richard
Stallman

11. What is Unix?
• The Internet was built on UNIX.
– TCP/IP is a native UNIX protocol.
– Today 80% of the worlds Internet Web servers are
using Linux.

12. What is Unix?
• Unix has commonly been used for the past
40 years.
– It was created in 1969 - long before Microsoft
existed.
– It was the 1st worldwide commercial operating
system.

13. What is Unix?
Unix has always commonly been
used on mainframes
Today as “Linux” it is also commonly
Being used on PC‟s as
servers & desktop

14. Features in Unix
• It was able to be run by various types of
CPU‟s
– Before Unix vendors commonly wrote their own
Operating systems.
– Which ran just on their own CPU’s and
equipment.
– Unix was written to be able to run on many
different types of CPU’s

15. Unix was one of the first OS to supply:
 a simple user interface.
 simple utilities or commands
that can be combined to
perform powerful functions.

16. Unix was one of the first OS to supply:
 a permanent hierarchical file
system.
 simple interface to connect
new devices to the OS.
 multi-user functions.

17. Unix was one of the first OS to supply:
 multi-process system
functions.
 which was architecturally
independent.
 All of which was permanent
and transparent to the user.

18. 1990
GNU

19. Richard Stallman
• One of the people who started
this “open” philosophy.
• Has nearly completed his new
GNU operating system based
on the UNIX system.
– He had most of the modules but
was still missing the main part !
– The kernel.
• He used C Programming language to
write the code of GNU.

20. 1991
Linux Kernel Creation

21. Linus Travalds
1. Creates the Linux kernel based
on the source code of Miniux
which he studied at university.
2. Choose the Penguin to represent
his kernel.
1. He did not write an entire
operating system.
2. When complete Linux kernel was
released under the GPL license.
3. He used C Programming
language to write the Kernel.

22. 1992
New OS was Born
GNU/Linux

24. • The Linux kernel is combined with the
already created GNU modules &
utilities and now becomes a fully
useable operating system.
• So you should know that nobody owns
Linux and most of it‟s developments
are made by unpaid volunteers.
• And the distributions was starting
opening.

25. Now Linux Users are about
1000
Linux Users

26. 1993
Internet explosion

27. Internet explosion starts and
there‟s also an ISP explosion
which cause‟s the 1st viable
Linux commercial application

28. Apache Web Server

29. Now Linux Users are about
500,000
Linux Users

30. 1997
Catheral & Baazar

31. Eric Raymond writes a paper called the
„Catheral & Baazar‟
in which he analyzes the development &
differences of the „proprietary‟ software model
verse the „opensource‟ software models.
– The article takes the IT industry by storm.
– Eric Raymond becomes a front man for the new open source
movement.
– Netscape director reads the article and in direct response
freely releases the source code of the Navigator software.
• Netscape is the 1st large company to go opensource.

32. Now Linux Users are about
800,000
Linux Users

33. Many Linux Distributions Appear
This will discussed later in this Event 
but for example we have:
(RedHat Linux, SuSE Linux, Debian, Turbo Linux,.. etc)

34. 1998
Linux got a great support

35. • Linus, Linux & the open source movement starts
becoming commonly known. And gaining
momentum.
• Linus appears on TV.
• On the front of the Forbes Business Magazine.
• IBM, Oracle, Compaq, SAP + others announce
their support for Linux.

36. Now Linux Users are about
1.5 Million
Linux Users

37. 1999
First Conference

38. •1st Linux World Conference
6000 people attend
•Linus delivers the opening and
keynote presentation.
•Red Hat goes public

39. 2002
Fedora Birth

40. • Red Hat splits into 2 versions
– RHEL - their enterprise/business version with
which you purchase support.
– Fedora – their home version with no
support.

41. 2003
Novell buys SuSE

42. • Novell buys SuSE Linux for $210 million
• IBM is now the most powerful backer of
Linux.
– To counterbalance the world of Linux they make a 50
million dollar investment in Novell.
– SuSE becomes the major enterprise competitor to
Red Hat.
– SLES - their enterprise/business version with which
you purchase support
– OpenSuSE – their home version with no support

43. 2008
Linux has gone fully mainstream

44. Today Linux has grown from being a
hacker/home developed OS to being
accepted world wide
– It is highly regarded and runs many many major
enterprises.
– Many sites are now also using it on their client
machines.
– Over 80% of web servers run Linux.

45. Now Linux Users are about
20 to 30 Million
Linux Users

46. Today
Linux is the most accepted OS

47. Linux became the
most accepted OS for
universities‟ students and
Entrepreneurs because
it‟s free and safe and
suitable for them

48. Now Linux Users are about
91 Million
Linux Users
according to www.mrpogson.com

49. Note That
These Statistics are
measured by counting
number of machines
connected to the internet
that run GNU/Linux

50. The 2nd section of the session
is to install Ubuntu 11.10 on
our machines step by step

51. Screen Shots for installing Ubuntu 11.10
Follow the steps to get a new Ubuntu
installed on your machine directly
and then practice it your self :)

52. First step : Get Ubuntu 11.10
from the registration disk if
you didn't got it yet

53. It's free

54. Second step
Make sure that you have at least 8 GB free
space on your hard disk.
• We will make 2 GB for the swap Partition.
• And the other 6 GB for installing Ubuntu and
other Packages later.

55. Step 3
Put the Ubuntu CD into your CD Room.
Play it.
And Reboot your machine.

56. Note That
the Ubuntu will be loaded into the memory
and run as a life CD if you choose to try it
now as we will see in the practical view in
the next few minutes.

57. Then the screen will appear like this

58. Click on the super key or
click the menu button and
write GParted

59. This will view the following
Program for Partitioning

60. Note That: I created the ext4
partition and the Linux-swap
partition .. in the practice will be
explained

61. So we can format the partition to
Ext4 File System and mark the
Mount Point to / (root)

62. Select the language

63. Here is some options

64. Ubuntu is smart enough to keep
your data :)

65. Then select the ext4 partition to mount
from and then press install now

66. The installation is started and
there are some options to select
your city to handle the time

67. Select Your Keyboard layout

68. Your personal information

69. Installation in progress

70.  Installation still in progress

71. Installation complete .. restart now

72. Medhat Dawoud
Contacts :
Med7atDawoud
Med7atDawoud